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An R, Zhang W, Huang X. Developments in the Antitumor Activity, Mechanisms of Action, Structural Modifications, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Steroidal Saponins. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2188-2212. [PMID: 35176980 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220217113719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal saponins, a class of natural products formed by the combination of spirosteranes with sugars, are widely distributed in plants and have various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-oxidation, etc. Particularly, extensive researches on the antitumor property of steroidal saponins have been received. Steroidal sapogenins, the aglycones of steroidal saponins, also have attracted much attention due to a vast range of pharmacological activities similar to steroidal saponins. In the past few years, structural modifications on the aglycones and sugar chains of steroidal saponins have been carried out and some achievements have been made. In this mini-review, the antitumor activity, action mechanisms, and structural modifications along with the structure-activity relationships of steroidal saponins and their derivatives are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfeng An
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Huang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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2
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Yang L, Ren S, Xu F, Ma Z, Liu X, Wang L. Recent Advances in the Pharmacological Activities of Dioscin. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5763602. [PMID: 31511824 PMCID: PMC6710808 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5763602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin is a typical saponin with multiple pharmacological activities. The past few years have seen an emerging interest in and growing research on this pleiotropic saponin. Here, we review the emerging pharmacological activities reported recently, with foci on its antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and tissue-protective properties. The potential use of dioscin in therapies of diverse clinical disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lufei Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130024, China
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3
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Jing SS, Wang Y, Li XJ, Li X, Zhao WS, Zhou B, Zhao CC, Huang LQ, Gao WY. Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic studies on Dioscorea collettii. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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4
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Tan Y, Xiao X, Yao J, Han F, Lou H, Luo H, Liang G, Ben-David Y, Pan W. Syntheses and anti-cancer activities of glycosylated derivatives of diosgenin. Chem Res Chin Univ 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-016-6296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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5
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Zhang L, Li L, Bai S, Zhou X, Wang P, Li M. Access to Diosgenyl Glycoconjugates via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Etherification of Diosgen-3-yl ortho-Hexynylbenzoate. Org Lett 2016; 18:6030-6033. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Colorda Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Shujin Bai
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Key
Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P. R. China
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6
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Chen P, Wang P, Liu L, Qiu P, Zhang L, Song N, Ren S, Guan H, Li M. Convergent Synthesis of Solamargine and Analogues Thereof: Structural Revision of 16-epi-Solamargine and Cytotoxic Evaluation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Ni Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Sumei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine; Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ocean University of China; 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao Shandong 266003 China
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7
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Liu Q, Guo T, Li D, Li W. Concise synthesis of two natural steroidal glycosides isolated from Allium schoenoprasum. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2106-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Zhao Y, An L, Gu G, Guo Z. Efficient Synthesis and Antitumor Activities of Indioside E Analogs. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Chen P, Wang P, Song N, Li M. Convergent synthesis and cytotoxic activities of 26-thio- and selenodioscin. Steroids 2013; 78:959-66. [PMID: 23751199 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Convergent block syntheses of 26-thio- and selenodioscin have been achieved by developing the highly stereoselective 1,2-trans glycosylations of chacotriosyl imidate without recourse to neighboring group assistance. Both thiodioscin and selenodioscin possess cytotoxic activities similar to dioscin, a natural spirostanol glycoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
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10
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Pérez-Labrada K, Brouard I, Estévez S, Marrero MT, Estévez F, Bermejo J, Rivera DG. New insights into the structure-cytotoxicity relationship of spirostan saponins and related glycosides. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2690-700. [PMID: 22405922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of spirostan saponins and related glycosides were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the human myeloid leukemia cell line (HL-60). A linear glycosylation strategy allowed for accessing a variety of functionalization patterns at both the spirostanic and the saccharide moieties, which provides new information regarding the structure-cytotoxicity relationship of this family of steroidal glycosides. Intriguing results were achieved with respect to hecogenyl and 5α-hydroxy-laxogenyl β-chacotriosides, turning out to be the former very cytotoxic and the latter no cytotoxic at all. Importantly, the partially pivaloylated β-d-glucosides of 5α-hydroxy-laxogenin were the most potent cytotoxic compounds among all tested glycosides. This comprises the first report on acylated spirostanyl glucosides displaying significant cytotoxicity, and therefore, it opens up new opportunities toward the development of saponin analogues as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karell Pérez-Labrada
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología-CSIC, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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11
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Gu G, Fang M, Liu J, Gu L. Concise synthesis and antitumor activities of trisaccharide steroidal saponins. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Pérez-Labrada K, Brouard I, Morera C, Estévez F, Bermejo J, Rivera DG. ‘Click’ synthesis of triazole-based spirostan saponin analogs. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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13
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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14
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Coro J, RodrÃguez H, Rivera DG, Suárez M, Molero D, Herranz MÃ, MartÃnez-Ãlvarez R, Filippone S, MartÃn N. Functional Chimeras: New BingelâHirsch-Type SteroidâFullerene Hybrids. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Efficient synthesis of α- and β-chacotriosyl glycosides using appropriate donors, and their cytotoxic activity. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1309-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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López Y, Jastrzebska I, Santillan R, Morzycki JW. Synthesis of "glycospirostanes"--steroid sapogenins with a sugar-like ring F. Steroids 2008; 73:449-57. [PMID: 18243266 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 12/10/2007] [Accepted: 12/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of two "glycospirostanes" from 23-oxotigogenin acetate is described. (23S,24S,25R)-5alpha-Spirostane-3beta,23,24,25-tetraol was obtained by dehydrogenation followed by stereoselective reduction of the 23-oxo group and OsO(4) dihydroxylation of the C24-C25 double bond. Allylic hydroxylation with SeO(2) of 3beta-acetoxy-5alpha-spirost-23-ene obtained from 23-oxotigogenin acetate followed by OsO(4) dihydroxylation of the C23-C24 double bond afforded (23R,24S,25R)-5alpha-spirostane-3beta,23,24,25-tetraol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yliana López
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Piłsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Białystok, Poland
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17
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Miyashita H, Ikeda T, Nohara T. Synthesis of neosaponins and neoglycolipids containing a chacotriosyl moiety. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2182-91. [PMID: 17655835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 06/02/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranose (chacotriose) is the oligosaccharide moiety of dioscin. Chacotriosyl trichloroacetimidate was synthesized from d-glucose and l-rhamnose, and glycosylated to mevalonate (diosgenin, cholesterol, and glycyrrhetic acid) to yield dioscin and neosaponins. In order to simplify the structure of the aglycone part, the mevalonate moiety was replaced with double-chain neoglycolipids that mimicked glycosyl ceramides. A cytotoxicity test revealed the importance of the glycosidic linkage of the naturally occurring beta-form and that dioscin and the neoglycolipid with the longest chain showed a moderate activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Miyashita
- Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Yichun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China., Fax: +86‐21‐64166128
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19
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Li W, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Yu J, Zhang L, Zhu Z, Yu B. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic activity of 6'-O-substituted dioscin derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2705-15. [PMID: 17945208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Revised: 09/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dioscin derivatives (1-12) with a variety of substitutions at the 6'-OH of the chacotriosyl residue and the 3',6'-anhydrosaponin derivatives (26, 30, and 32) were synthesized. All these derivatives showed much lower cytotoxicity than that of the parent dioscin, while their hemolytic activities were partially retained depending on the various 6'-O-substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Zhu S, Li Y, Li M, Yu B. Exploration of the correlation between the structure, hemolytic activity, and cytotoxicity of steroid saponins. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:2528-32. [PMID: 17306549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hemolytic activity of a collection of 63 steroid saponins was determined. The correlations between these structures and their hemolytic and cytotoxic activities are discussed. It has been demonstrated that the hemolytic activity of steroid saponins is highly dependent on their structures, that is, the sugar length, the sugar linkage, the substitutes on the sugar, as well as the aglycone. It has also been disclosed that the hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of steroid saponins are not correlated. These results suggest that steroid saponins execute hemolysis and cytotoxic activity in different mechanisms, and encourage to develop steroid saponins into potent antitumor agents devoid of the detrimental effect of hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yu B. The Cytotoxicity of Saponins Correlates with Their Cellular Internalization. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:288-91. [PMID: 17200998 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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