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Veerasamy R, Roy A, Karunakaran R, Rajak H. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Benzimidazoles as Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Agents: An Overview. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070663. [PMID: 34358089 PMCID: PMC8308831 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of the anti-inflammatory drugs currently in use are becoming obsolete. These are exceptionally hazardous for long-term use because of their possible unfavourable impacts. Subsequently, in the ebb-and-flow decade, analysts and researchers are engaged in developing new anti-inflammatory drugs, and many such agents are in the later phases of clinical trials. Molecules with heterocyclic nuclei are similar to various natural antecedents, thus acquiring immense consideration from scientific experts and researchers. The arguably most adaptable heterocyclic cores are benzimidazoles containing nitrogen in a bicyclic scaffold. Numerous benzimidazole drugs are broadly used in the treatment of numerous diseases, showing promising therapeutic potential. Benzimidazole derivatives exert anti-inflammatory effects mainly by interacting with transient receptor potential vanilloid-1, cannabinoid receptors, bradykinin receptors, specific cytokines, 5-lipoxygenase activating protein and cyclooxygenase. Literature on structure–activity relationship (SAR) and investigations of benzimidazoles highlight that the substituent’s tendency and position on the benzimidazole ring significantly contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity. Reported SAR analyses indicate that substitution at the N1, C2, C5 and C6 positions of the benzimidazole scaffold greatly influence the anti-inflammatory activity. For example, benzimidazole substituted with anacardic acid on C2 inhibits COX-2, and 5-carboxamide or sulfamoyl or sulfonyl benzimidazole antagonises the cannabinoid receptor, whereas the C2 diarylamine and C3 carboxamide substitution of the benzimidazole scaffold result in antagonism of the bradykinin receptor. In this review, we examine the insights regarding the SARs of anti-inflammatory benzimidazole compounds, which will be helpful for researchers in designing and developing potential anti-inflammatory drugs to target inflammation-promoting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Veerasamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling 08100, Kedah, Malaysia
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Harish Rajak
- SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495009, India;
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2
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‐Arene CH−O Interaction Directed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution – Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (DKR‐ATH) of α‐Keto/enol‐Lactams. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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3
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Okabe-Nakahara F, Nagabuchi H, Masumoto E, Maruoka H. Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazole by the Reaction of 2-Amino-4,5-dihydro-3-furancarbonitrile and o-Substituted Anilines in the Catalysis of Trimetylamine Hydrochloride. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Jasuja H, Chadha N, Singh PK, Kaur M, Bahia MS, Silakari O. Putative dual inhibitors of Janus kinase 1 and 3 (JAK1/3): Pharmacophore based hierarchical virtual screening. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:109-117. [PMID: 29990790 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinase 1 and 3 are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, involved in the regulation of various cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disease conditions. Thus, they serve as therapeutic targets for the designing of multi-targeted agents for the treatment of inflammatory-mediated pathological conditions. In the present study, diverse inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 were considered for the development of ligand-based pharmacophore models, followed by docking analysis to design putative dual inhibitors. The pharmacophore models were generated in PHASE 3.4, and top five models for each target were selected on the basis of survival minus inactive score. The best model for JAK1 (AAADH.25) and JAK3 (ADDRR.142) were selected corresponding to the highest value of Q2test. Both models were employed for the screening of a PHASE database, and subsequently, the retrieved hits were filtered employing molecular docking in JAK1 and JAK3 proteins. The stable interactions between retrieved hits and proteins were confirmed using molecular dynamics simulations. Finally, ADME properties of screened dual inhibitors displaying essential interactions with both proteins were calculated. Thus, the new leads obtained in this way may be prioritized for experimental validation as potential novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders related to JAK1 and JAK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneesh Jasuja
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Navriti Chadha
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Malkeet Singh Bahia
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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5
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Molecular dynamics and integrated pharmacophore-based identification of dual [Formula: see text] inhibitors. Mol Divers 2017; 22:95-112. [PMID: 29138965 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite increase in the understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it remains a tough challenge. The advent of kinases involved in key intracellular pathways in pathogenesis of RA may provide a new phase of drug discovery for RA. The present study is aimed to identify dual JAK3/[Formula: see text] inhibitors by developing an optimum pharmacophore model integrating the information revealed by ligand-based pharmacophore models and structure-based pharmacophore models (SBPMs). For JAK3 inhibitors, the addition of an aromatic ring feature and for [Formula: see text] the addition of a hydrophobic feature proposed by SBPMs lead to five-point pharmacophore (i.e., AADHR.54 (JAK3)) and six-point pharmacophore (i.e., AAAHRR.45 ([Formula: see text])). The obtained pharmacophores were validated and used for virtual screening and then for docking-based screening. Molecules were further evaluated for ADME properties, and their docked protein complexes were subjected to MM-GBSA energy calculations and molecular dynamic simulations. The top two hit compounds with novel scaffolds 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline and benzo[d]oxazole showed inhibitory activity for JAK3 and [Formula: see text].
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6
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Nageswar Rao D, Rasheed S, Raina G, Ahmed QN, Jaladanki CK, Bharatam PV, Das P. Cobalt-Catalyzed Regioselective Ortho C(sp2)-H Bond Nitration of Aromatics through Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Assistance. J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Desaboini Nageswar Rao
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sk. Rasheed
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gaurav Raina
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, India
| | - Chaitanya Kumar Jaladanki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Jammu 180001, India
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Newton AS, Deiana L, Puleo DE, Cisneros JA, Cutrona KJ, Schlessinger J, Jorgensen WL. JAK2 JH2 Fluorescence Polarization Assay and Crystal Structures for Complexes with Three Small Molecules. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28626520 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A competitive fluorescence polarization (FP) assay is reported for determining binding affinities of probe molecules with the pseudokinase JAK2 JH2 allosteric site. The syntheses of the fluorescent 5 and 6 used in the assay are reported as well as Kd results for 10 compounds, including JNJ7706621, NVP-BSK805, and filgotinib (GLPG0634). X-ray crystal structures of JAK2 JH2 in complex with NVP-BSK805, filgotinib, and diaminopyrimidine 8 elucidate the binding poses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Newton
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Luca Deiana
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - David E. Puleo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - José A. Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Kara J. Cutrona
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Joseph Schlessinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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8
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Yao TT, Xie JF, Liu XG, Cheng JL, Zhu CY, Zhao JH, Dong XW. Integration of pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking in sequential virtual screening: towards the discovery of novel JAK2 inhibitors. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24959k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated sequential virtual screening protocol by combining molecular docking and pharmacophore mapping was successfully constructed to identify novel small-molecule inhibitors of JAK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yao
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Jiang-Feng Xie
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Xing-Guo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Jing-Li Cheng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310029
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Zhu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Jin-Hao Zhao
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
| | - Xiao-Wu Dong
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
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9
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Kaur M, Silakari O. Ligand-based and e-pharmacophore modeling, 3D-QSAR and hierarchical virtual screening to identify dual inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3). J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3043-3060. [PMID: 27678281 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1240108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of multiple kinase inhibitors has caught the interest of Pharmaceutical and Biotech researchers to develop potential drugs with multi-kinase inhibitory activity for complex diseases. In the present work, we attempted to identify dual inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and janus kinase 3 (JAK3), keys players in immune signaling, by developing ideal pharmacophores integrating Ligand-based pharmacophore models (LBPMs) and Structure-based pharmacophore models (SBPMs), thereby projecting the optimum pharmacophoric required for inhibition of both the kinases. The four point LBPM; ADPR.14 suggested the presence of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one positive ionizable, and one ring aromatic feature for Syk inhibitory activity and AADH.54 proposed the necessity of two hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, and one hydrophobic feature for JAK3 inhibitory activity. To our interest, SBPMs identified additional ring aromatic features required for inhibition of both the kinases. For Syk inhibitory activity, the hydrogen bond acceptor feature indicated by LBPM was devoid of forming hydrogen bonding interaction with the hinge region amino acid residue (Ala451). Thus merging the information revealed by both LBPMs and SBPMs, ideal pharmacophore models i.e. ADPRR.14 (Syk) and AADHR.54 (JAK3) were generated. These models after rigorous statistical validation were used for screening of Asinex database. The systematic virtual screening protocol, including pharmacophore and docking-based screening, ADME property, and MM-GBSA energy calculations, retrieved final 10 hits as dual inhibitors of Syk and JAK3. Final 10 hits thus obtained can aid in the development of potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders. Also the top two hits were evaluated against both the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Kaur
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , Punjab 147002 , India
| | - Om Silakari
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , Punjab 147002 , India
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10
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Pawar GG, Brahmanandan A, Kapur M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed, Heteroatom-Directed, Regioselective C–H Nitration of Anilines Using Pyrimidine as a Removable Directing Group. Org Lett 2016; 18:448-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Govind Goroba Pawar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Abhilashamole Brahmanandan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass
Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, India
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11
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Bajusz D, Ferenczy GG, Keserű GM. Discovery of Subtype Selective Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors by Structure-Based Virtual Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 56:234-47. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - György G. Ferenczy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research
Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Budapest 1117, Hungary
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12
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Tan L, Akahane K, McNally R, Reyskens KMSE, Ficarro SB, Liu S, Herter-Sprie GS, Koyama S, Pattison MJ, Labella K, Johannessen L, Akbay EA, Wong KK, Frank DA, Marto JA, Look TA, Arthur JSC, Eck MJ, Gray NS. Development of Selective Covalent Janus Kinase 3 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6589-606. [PMID: 26258521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream effectors, signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs), form a critical immune cell signaling circuit, which is of fundamental importance in innate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is frequently observed in immune disease and cancer. The high degree of structural conservation of the JAK ATP binding pockets has posed a considerable challenge to medicinal chemists seeking to develop highly selective inhibitors as pharmacological probes and as clinical drugs. Here we report the discovery and optimization of 2,4-substituted pyrimidines as covalent JAK3 inhibitors that exploit a unique cysteine (Cys909) residue in JAK3. Investigation of structure-activity relationship (SAR) utilizing biochemical and transformed Ba/F3 cellular assays resulted in identification of potent and selective inhibitors such as compounds 9 and 45. A 2.9 Å cocrystal structure of JAK3 in complex with 9 confirms the covalent interaction. Compound 9 exhibited decent pharmacokinetic properties and is suitable for use in vivo. These inhibitors provide a set of useful tools to pharmacologically interrogate JAK3-dependent biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - Randall McNally
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH. U.K
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Pattison
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH. U.K
| | | | - Liv Johannessen
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | | | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 5EH. U.K
| | - Michael J Eck
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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13
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Senthilkumar N, Ravichandran YD, Kumar KM, Ramaiah S. Synthesis of a new series of pyrimidine derivatives: exploration of anti-proliferative activity on EAT cells and molecular docking. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Goedken ER, Argiriadi MA, Banach DL, Fiamengo BA, Foley SE, Frank KE, George JS, Harris CM, Hobson AD, Ihle DC, Marcotte D, Merta PJ, Michalak ME, Murdock SE, Tomlinson MJ, Voss JW. Tricyclic covalent inhibitors selectively target Jak3 through an active site thiol. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4573-4589. [PMID: 25552479 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of Janus kinases (JAKs) is required for multiple cytokine signaling pathways, and as such, JAK inhibitors hold promise for treatment of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis. However, due to high similarity in the active sites of the four members (Jak1, Jak2, Jak3, and Tyk2), developing selective inhibitors within this family is challenging. We have designed and characterized substituted, tricyclic Jak3 inhibitors that selectively avoid inhibition of the other JAKs. This is accomplished through a covalent interaction between an inhibitor containing a terminal electrophile and an active site cysteine (Cys-909). We found that these ATP competitive compounds are irreversible inhibitors of Jak3 enzyme activity in vitro. They possess high selectivity against other kinases and can potently (IC50 < 100 nm) inhibit Jak3 activity in cell-based assays. These results suggest irreversible inhibitors of this class may be useful selective agents, both as tools to probe Jak3 biology and potentially as therapies for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Goedken
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
| | | | - David L Banach
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Bryan A Fiamengo
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sage E Foley
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Kristine E Frank
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | | | - Adrian D Hobson
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - David C Ihle
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Douglas Marcotte
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Philip J Merta
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Mark E Michalak
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Sara E Murdock
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | | | - Jeffrey W Voss
- From the AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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15
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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16
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Rajeswari M, Santhi N, Bhuvaneswari V. Pharmacophore and Virtual Screening of JAK3 inhibitors. Bioinformation 2014; 10:157-63. [PMID: 24748756 PMCID: PMC3974243 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinases family of protein which is comprised of JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2. It plays an important role in immune function and lymphoid development and it only resides in the hematopoietic system. Therefore, selective targeting JAK3 is a rational approach in developing new therapeutic molecule. In this study, about 116 JAK3 inhibitors were collected from the literature and were used to build four-point pharmacophore model using Phase (Schrodinger module). The statistically significant pharmacophore hypothesis of AAHR.92 with r2 value of 0.942 was used as 3D query to search against 3D database namely Zincpharmer. A total of 2, 27,483 compounds obtained as hit were subjected to high throughput virtual screening (HTVS module of Schrodinger). Among the hits, ten compounds with good G-score ranging from -12.96 to -11.18 with good binding energy to JAK3 were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Rajeswari
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Natchimuthu Santhi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vembu Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore – 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Jasuja H, Chadha N, Kaur M, Silakari O. Dual inhibitors of Janus kinase 2 and 3 (JAK2/3): designing by pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening approach. Mol Divers 2014; 18:253-67. [PMID: 24415188 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
JAK2 and JAK3 are non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases implicated in B-cell- and T-cell-mediated diseases. Both enzymes work via different pathways but are involved in the pathogenesis of common lymphoid-derived diseases. Hence, targeting both Janus kinases together can be a potential strategy for the treatment of these diseases. In the present study, two separate pharmacophore-based 3D-QSAR models ADRR.92 (Q(2)(test)0.663, R(2)(train) 0.849, F value 219.3) for JAK2 and ADDRR.142 (Q(2)(test)0.655, R(2)(train) 0.869, F value 206.9) for JAK3 were developed. These models were employed for the screening of a PHASE database of approximately 1.5 million compounds; subsequently, the retrieved hits were screened employing docking simulations with JAK2 and JAK3 proteins. Finally, ADME properties of screened dual inhibitors displaying essential interactions with both proteins were calculated to filter candidates with poor pharmacokinetic profiles. These candidates could serve as novel therapeutic agents in the treatment of lymphoid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneesh Jasuja
- Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala , 147002, Punjab, India
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18
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Yang HL, Fang F, Zhao CP, Li DD, Li JR, Sun J, Du QR, Zhu HL. Design and synthesis of a novel series of N,4-diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent and selective PI3Kγ inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00301a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-one novelN,4-diphenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives have been synthesized as PI3Kγ selective inhibitors and compoundC8demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity against PI3Kγ kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Po Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ru Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
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19
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Wang F, Tran-Dubé M, Scales S, Johnson S, McAlpine I, Ninkovic S. A simple and convenient two-step, one-pot synthesis of hetero-imidazoles from nitroaminoaryls catalyzed by Ytterbium triflate. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Menet CJ, Rompaey LV, Geney R. Advances in the discovery of selective JAK inhibitors. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013; 52:153-223. [PMID: 23384668 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62652-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the biology of the JAKs. The JAK family comprises the four nonreceptor tyrosine kinases JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyk2, all key players in the signal transduction from cytokine receptors to transcription factor activation. We also review the progresses made towards the optimization of JAK inhibitors and the importance of their selectivity profile. Indeed, the full array of many medicinal chemistry enabling tools (HTS, X-ray crystallography, scaffold morphing, etc.) has been deployed to successfully design molecules that discriminate among JAK family and other kinases. While the first JAK inhibitor was launched in 2011, this review also summarizes the status of several other small-molecule JAK inhibitors currently in development to treat arthritis, psoriasis, organ rejection, and multiple cancer types.
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21
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Stella A, Van Belle K, De Jonghe S, Louat T, Herman J, Rozenski J, Waer M, Herdewijn P. Synthesis of a 2,4,6-trisubstituted 5-cyano-pyrimidine library and evaluation of its immunosuppressive activity in a Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction assay. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1209-18. [PMID: 23347804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel pyrimidine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for immunosuppressive activity in the Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction assay, which is well-known as the in vitro model for in vivo rejection after organ transplantation. Systematic variation of the substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the pyrimidine scaffold led to the discovery of 2-benzylthio-5-cyano-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-morpholinopyrimidine with an IC(50) value of 1.6 μM in the MLR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stella
- KU Leuven, Interface Valorisation Platform, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Abstract
The JAK family of protein tyrosine kinases are now recognized as important participants in a wide range of pathologies, from cancer to inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, the drive to develop drugs targeting members of this family has begun to deliver a panel of small molecule inhibitors of JAK family members, with a range of potencies and specificities. A number of these compounds have already found widespread use as biochemical tools in the elucidation of JAK activity in specific signaling and disease processes; however, many of the first generation compounds are poorly characterized with suboptimal potencies and selectivities.Herein, we present the data for those small molecule JAK inhibitors that have been described in the peer-reviewed literature and the benefits and potential issues that may be associated with the use of these tool compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Burns
- Chemical Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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23
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Bansal Y, Silakari O. The therapeutic journey of benzimidazoles: a review. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6208-36. [PMID: 23031649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Presence of benzimidazole nucleus in numerous categories of therapeutic agents such as antimicrobials, antivirals, antiparasites, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidants, proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensives, anticoagulants, immunomodulators, hormone modulators, CNS stimulants as well as depressants, lipid level modulators, antidiabetics, etc. has made it an indispensable anchor for development of new therapeutic agents. Varied substitutents around the benzimidazole nucleus have provided a wide spectrum of biological activities. Importance of this nucleus in some activities like, Angiotensin I (AT(1)) receptor antagonism and proton-pump inhibition is reviewed separately in literature. Even some very short reviews on biological importance of this nucleus are also known in literature. However, owing to fast development of new drugs possessing benzimidazole nucleus many research reports are generated in short span of time. So, there is a need to couple the latest information with the earlier information to understand the current status of benzimidazole nucleus in medicinal chemistry research. In the present review, various derivatives of benzimidazole with different pharmacological activities are described on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole derived compounds for each activity. This discussion will further help in the development of novel benzimidazole compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
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24
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Thoma G, Nuninger F, Falchetto R, Hermes E, Tavares GA, Vangrevelinghe E, Zerwes HG. Identification of a potent Janus kinase 3 inhibitor with high selectivity within the Janus kinase family. J Med Chem 2011; 54:284-8. [PMID: 21155605 DOI: 10.1021/jm101157q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe a synthetic approach toward the rapid modification of phenyl-indolyl maleimides and the discovery of potent Jak3 inhibitor 1 with high selectivity within the Jak kinase family. We provide a rationale for this unprecedented selectivity based on the X-ray crystal structure of an analogue of 1 bound to the ATP-binding site of Jak3. While equally potent compared to the Pfizer pan Jak inhibitor CP-690,550 (2) in an enzymatic Jak3 assay, compound 1 was found to be 20-fold less potent in cellular assays measuring cytokine-triggered signaling through cytokine receptors containing the common γ chain (γC). Contrary to compound 1, compound 2 inhibited Jak1 in addition to Jak3. Permeability and cellular concentrations of compounds 1 and 2 were similar. As Jak3 always cooperates with Jak1 for signaling, we speculate that specific inhibition of Jak3 is not sufficient to efficiently block γC cytokine signal transduction required for strong immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebhard Thoma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Forum 1, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland.
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25
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Kaminska B, Swiatek-Machado K. Targeting signaling pathways with small molecules to treat autoimmune disorders. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 4:93-112. [PMID: 20477590 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic activation of immune responses, mediated by inflammatory mediators and involving different effector cells of the innate and acquired immune system characterizes autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and septic shock syndrome. MAPKs are crucial intracellular mediators of inflammation. MAPK inhibitors are attractive anti-inflammatory drugs, because they are capable of reducing the synthesis of inflammation mediators at multiple levels and are effective in blocking proinflammatory cytokine signaling. Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway converts cytokine signals into genomic responses regulating proliferation and differentiation of the immune cells. JAK inhibitors are a new class of immunomodulatory agents with immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. This review discusses the rationale behind current strategies of targeting MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, and the overall effects of signal transduction inhibitors in animal models of inflammatory disorders. Signal transduction inhibitors are small molecules that can be administered orally, and initial results of clinical trials have shown clinical benefits in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Transcription Regulation, Deptartment of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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26
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Haan C, Behrmann I, Haan S. Perspectives for the use of structural information and chemical genetics to develop inhibitors of Janus kinases. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14:504-27. [PMID: 20132407 PMCID: PMC3823453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the genes encoding Janus kinases have been discovered in various haematologic diseases. Jaks are composed of a FERM domain, an SH2 domain, a pseudokinase domain and a kinase domain, and a complex interplay of the Jak domains is involved in regulation of catalytic activity and association to cytokine receptors. Most activating mutations are found in the pseudokinase domain. Here we present recently discovered mutations in the context of our structural models of the respective domains. We describe two structural hotspots in the pseudokinase domain of Jak2 that seem to be associated either to myeloproliferation or to lymphoblastic leukaemia, pointing at the involvement of distinct signalling complexes in these disease settings. The different domains of Jaks are discussed as potential drug targets. We present currently available inhibitors targeting Jaks and indicate structural differences in the kinase domains of the different Jaks that may be exploited in the development of specific inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss recent chemical genetic approaches which can be applied to Jaks to better understand the role of these kinases in their biological settings and as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Haan
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, 162A, av. de la Faïencerie, 1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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27
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Cole AG, Bohnstedt AC, Paradkar V, Kingsbury C, Quintero JG, Park H, Lu Y, You M, Neagu I, Diller DJ, Letourneau JJ, Shao Y, James RA, Riviello CM, Ho KK, Lin TH, Wang B, Appell KC, Sills M, Quadros E, Kimble EF, Ohlmeyer MHJ, Webb ML. 2-Benzimidazolyl-9-(chroman-4-yl)-purinone derivatives as JAK3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6788-92. [PMID: 19836234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) inhibitors based on a 2-benzimidazoylpurinone core structure is described. Through substitution of the benzimidazoyl moiety and optimization of the N-9 substituent of the purinone, compound 24 was identified incorporating a chroman-based functional group. Compound 24 shows excellent kinase activity, good oral bioavailability and demonstrates efficacy in an acute mechanistic mouse model through inhibition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) induced interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Cole
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Signal transduction of many growth factors and oncogenes is mediated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1), a master regulator of a number of downstream signal protein kinase cascades. Hence, PDK1 represents a convergence point for receptor tyrosine kinase and cytokine-mediated pathways for the regulation of vital cell processes such as cell survival and proliferation. Pathological upregulation of PDK1 signalling due to constitutive growth factor receptor activation and/or PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue) mutations significantly triggers downstream signalling, e.g. PKB/Akt, which subsequently promote proliferative events such as tumour invasiveness, angiogenesis, and progression. Consistent with this, a mouse model expressing low levels of PDK1 is protected from tumourigenesis resulting from loss of PTEN. Because more than 50 % of all human cancers possess significant overstimulation of the PDK1 signalling pathway, inhibition of this protein kinase by small molecules is predicted to result in effective inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and thus be therapeutically beneficial. Various classes of small-molecule PDK1 inhibitors have been published in patents and papers. Herein we present for the first time a comprehensive collection of small molecules reported to interact with PDK1, and we refer to their biological characterisation in terms of activity and selectivity for PDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peifer
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, MSI/WTB Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street Dundee DD15EH, Scotland, UK.
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29
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Bhagwat SS. Kinase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Purinergic Signal 2008; 5:107-15. [PMID: 18568424 PMCID: PMC2721774 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-008-9117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs targeting inhibition of kinases for the treatment of inflammation and autoimmune disorders have become a major focus in the pharmaceutical and biotech industry. Multiple kinases from different pathways have been the targets of interest in this endeavor. This review describes some of the recent developments in the search for inhibitors of IKK2, Syk, Lck, and JAK3 kinases. It is anticipated that some of these compounds or newer inhibitors of these kinases will be approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, organ transplantation, and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shripad S Bhagwat
- Ambit Biosciences, 4215 Sorrento Valley Boulevard, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA,
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30
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Chapter 6.2 (2006) Six-membered ring systems: diazines and benzo derivatives (2006). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(08)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Clark MP, George KM, Bookland RG, Chen J, Laughlin SK, Thakur KD, Lee W, Davis JR, Cabrera EJ, Brugel TA, VanRens JC, Laufersweiler MJ, Maier JA, Sabat MP, Golebiowski A, Easwaran V, Webster ME, De B, Zhang G. Development of new pyrrolopyrimidine-based inhibitors of Janus kinase 3 (JAK3). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:1250-3. [PMID: 17189692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new class of bicyclic pyrrolopyrimidine-based Janus kinase 3 (JAK-3) inhibitors are described. Many of these inhibitors showed low nanomolar activity against JAK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Clark
- Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Health Care Research Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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