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Vega KB, de Oliveira ALC, König B, Paixão MW. Visible-Light-Induced Synthesis of 1,2-Dicarboxyl Compounds from Carbon Dioxide, Carbamoyl-dihydropyridine, and Styrene. Org Lett 2024; 26:860-865. [PMID: 38252019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
β-Amidated carboxylic acids, or succinamic acid derivatives, constitute a valuable chemical scaffold with broad applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymer sciences. Herein, we report a redox-neutral multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of succinamic acid derivatives in good yields. This protocol involves styrene, CO2 and 1,4-carbamoyl-dihydropyridine as radical precursors. The method exhibits a broad substrate scope under mild reaction conditions, including late-stage functionalization. Moreover, by employing 13CO2, the method enables the synthesis of labeled 1,2-dicarboxylic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Benedetti Vega
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Luiz Carvalho de Oliveira
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Márcio Weber Paixão
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Binding mechanism of selective cathepsin K/S inhibition revealed from molecular simulations. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-023-02136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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3
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Ihmaid SK, Ahmed HEA, Zayed MF, Abadleh MM. Self Organizing Map-Based Classification of Cathepsin k and S Inhibitors with Different Selectivity Profiles Using Different Structural Molecular Fingerprints: Design and Application for Discovery of Novel Hits. Molecules 2016; 21:175. [PMID: 26840291 PMCID: PMC6272978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main step in a successful drug discovery pipeline is the identification of small potent compounds that selectively bind to the target of interest with high affinity. However, there is still a shortage of efficient and accurate computational methods with powerful capability to study and hence predict compound selectivity properties. In this work, we propose an affordable machine learning method to perform compound selectivity classification and prediction. For this purpose, we have collected compounds with reported activity and built a selectivity database formed of 153 cathepsin K and S inhibitors that are considered of medicinal interest. This database has three compound sets, two K/S and S/K selective ones and one non-selective KS one. We have subjected this database to the selectivity classification tool ‘Emergent Self-Organizing Maps’ for exploring its capability to differentiate selective cathepsin inhibitors for one target over the other. The method exhibited good clustering performance for selective ligands with high accuracy (up to 100 %). Among the possibilites, BAPs and MACCS molecular structural fingerprints were used for such a classification. The results exhibited the ability of the method for structure-selectivity relationship interpretation and selectivity markers were identified for the design of further novel inhibitors with high activity and target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh K Ihmaid
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P. O. Box 30039, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
- School of Pharmacy and Applied Science, La Trobe University, P. O. Box 199, Bendigo 3552, Australia.
| | - Hany E A Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P. O. Box 30039, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P. O. Box 11651, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Zayed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P. O. Box 30039, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, P. O. Box 11651, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed M Abadleh
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P. O. Box 30039, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia.
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Wiener JJ, Wickboldt AT, Nguyen S, Sun S, Rynberg R, Rizzolio M, Karlsson L, Edwards JP, Grice CA. Pyrazole-based arylalkyne Cathepsin S inhibitors. Part III: Modification of P4 region. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1070-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Azepanone-based inhibitors of human cathepsin S: optimization of selectivity via the P2 substituent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4409-15. [PMID: 21733692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of azepanone inhibitors of cathepsin S is described. Selectivity over both cathepsin K and cathepsin L was achieved by varying the P2 substituent. Ultimately, a balanced potency and selectivity profile was achieved in compound 39 possessing a 1-methylcyclohexyl alanine at P2 and nicotinamide as the P' substituent. The cellular potency of selected analogs is also described.
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Wiener JJ, Wickboldt AT, Wiener DK, Lee-Dutra A, Edwards JP, Karlsson L, Nguyen S, Sun S, Jones TK, Grice CA. Discovery and SAR of novel pyrazole-based thioethers as cathepsin S inhibitors. Part 2: Modification of P3, P4, and P5 regions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2375-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Pompei M, Di Francesco ME, Pesci S, Koch U, Vignetti SE, Veneziano M, Pace P, Summa V. Novel P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease by P3 succinamide fragment depeptidization strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:168-74. [PMID: 19932966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 11/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C represents a serious worldwide health-care problem. Recently, we have disclosed a novel class of P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of NS3/4A protease containing a carbamate functionality as capping group at the P3 N-terminus. Herein we report our work aimed at further depeptidizing the P3 region by replacement of the urethane function with a succinamide motif. This peptidomimetic approach has led to the discovery of novel P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease with sub-nanomolar enzyme affinities. In addition to being potent inhibitors of HCV subgenomic replication, optimized analogues within this series have also presented attractive PK properties and showed promising liver levels in rat following oral administration.
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Ameriks MK, Axe FU, Bembenek SD, Edwards JP, Gu Y, Karlsson L, Randal M, Sun S, Thurmond RL, Zhu J. Pyrazole-based cathepsin S inhibitors with arylalkynes as P1 binding elements. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6131-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Ameriks MK, Cai H, Edwards JP, Gebauer D, Gleason E, Gu Y, Karlsson L, Nguyen S, Sun S, Thurmond RL, Zhu J. Pyrazole-based arylalkyne cathepsin S inhibitors. Part II: Optimization of cellular potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6135-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Cathepsin, a kind of cysteine proteinases, is found in the 1920 and able to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Cathepsin S is a single-chain and non-glycosylated cysteine proteinase ubiquitously distributed in lysosomes. Apart from its role in human digestive system neoplasms, Cathepsin S was also identified to participate in the occurrence of astrocytoma, glioblastoma, prostatic carcinoma and lung cancer. It is found that cathepsin S is directly involved in vascular matrix remodeling. In addition, the expression of cathepsin S is associated with the angiogenesis, growth and metastasis of tumors. This article reviews the relationship between cathepsin S expression and digestive system neoplasms.
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Irie O, Yokokawa F, Ehara T, Iwasaki A, Iwaki Y, Hitomi Y, Konishi K, Kishida M, Toyao A, Masuya K, Gunji H, Sakaki J, Iwasaki G, Hirao H, Kanazawa T, Tanabe K, Kosaka T, Hart TW, Hallett A. 4-Amino-2-cyanopyrimidines: Novel scaffold for nonpeptidic cathepsin S inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4642-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Discovery of selective and nonpeptidic cathepsin S inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3959-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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