Phenylpropanoic acid derivatives bearing a benzothiazole ring as PPARδ-selective agonists

In Silico Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Series of Benzothiazole- Based Pyrazolidinediones as Potent Hypoglycemic Agents

Background:

The discovery of novel ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has recently attracted attention to few research groups in order to develop more potent and safer antidiabetic agents.

Objective:

This study is focused on docking-based design and synthesis of novel compounds combining benzothiazole and pyrazolidinedione scaffold as potential antidiabetic agents.

Methods:

Several benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids were synthesized and tested for their in vivo anti-hyperglycemic activity. Interactions profile of title compounds against PPARγ was examined through molecular modelling approach.

Results:

All tested compounds exhibited anti-hyperglycemic activity similar or superior to the reference drug Rosiglitazone. Introducing chlorine atom and alkyl group at position-6 and -5 respectively on benzothiazole core resulted in enhancing the anti-hyperglycemic effect. Docking study revealed that such groups demonstrated favorable hydrophobic interactions with novel LBD Ω- pocket of PPARγ protein.

Conclusion:

Among the tested compounds, N-(6-chloro-5-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl-4-(4((3,5- dioxopyrazolidin-4-ylidene)methyl)phenoxy)butanamide 5b was found to be the most potent compound and provided valuable insights to further develop novel hybrids as anti-hyperglycemic agents.

Novel Hybrids of Pyrazolidinedione and Benzothiazole as TZD Analogues. Rationale Design, Synthesis and In Vivo Anti-Diabetic Evaluation

BACKGROUND

The development of new classes of blood glucose-lowering medications has increased the number of treatment opportunities available for type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, long term complicated treatments and side effects of available antidiabetic therapies have urged huge demands for effective affordable anti-diabetic agents that can lessen negative health consequences. In this sense, the exploration of alternative medicinal remedies associated with new significant antidiabetic efficiencies with minimized adverse effects is an active domain of research.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of benzothiazole-pyrazolidinedione hybrids and evaluate their antidiabetic activity along with molecular docking and in silico analysis.

METHODS

The hybrids were synthesized by a multi-step synthesis and were further subjected for in vivo anti-hyperglycemic assessment on rat models of type II diabetes. Molecular modelling study was undertaken against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) to highlight possible key interactions.

RESULTS

Docking studies revealed that appropriate substituents on benzothiazole ring interacted favorably with the hydrophobic Ω-pocket of PPARγ binding site resulting in improving their antihyperglycemic activity. All the synthesized hybrids manifested promising anti-hyperglycemic potency. Excitingly, 5a, 5b and 5c were even more potent than the standard drug.

CONCLUSION

The newly synthesized hybrids can be considered as a new class of antidiabetic agents and this study provided useful information on further optimization.

Pharmacophore elucidation of phosphoiodyn A - Potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ agonists with neuroprotective activity

We report the pharmacophore of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist natural product phosphoiodyn A is the phosphonate core. Synthesis of simplified phosphonate esters 13 and 15 provide structurally novel, highly selective and potent PPARδ agonists (EC50=78 and 112 nM, respectively). Further, both compounds demonstrate significant neuroprotective activity in an in vitro cellular model indicating that phosphonates may be an effective novel scaffold for the design of therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

Pharmacological investigation of 2-aminobenzothiazolium-4-methylbenzenesulphonate: Synthesis, spectral characterization and structural elucidation

An organic charge transfer complex, 2-aminobenzothiazolium-4-methylbenzenesulphonate (ABPTS) was synthesized and single crystals grown by slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique at ambient temperature. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out to establish the molecular structure of the title crystal. FT-IR spectral study was carried out to identify the various functional groups present in the crystal. The (1)H and (13)C spectra were recorded to further confirm the molecular structure of the CT complex. The TG/DTA analyses were carried out to establish the thermal stability of the complex. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized complex were examined against various bacteria and fungi strains, to identify the antibacterial and antifungal activity. The DNA binding profile of the complex has been investigated through absorption spectroscopy and complex has intrinsic binding constant 3.6 × 10(4) M(-1). A gel electrophoresis assay demonstrated the ability of the complex to cleave the pBR322 DNA. The free radical scavenging activity of the complex has been determined against DPPH, OH and ABTS radicals.