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Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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2
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Schmickl CN, Edwards BA, Malhotra A. Drug Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Are We There Yet? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:1379-1381. [PMID: 35320066 PMCID: PMC9875900 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0301ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N. Schmickl
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan Diego, California
| | - Bradley A. Edwards
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Discovery Institute,Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoSan Diego, California
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3
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Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Mujwar S, Mojzych M, Marciniak B, Drozda R, Kontek R. Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms with small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1278-1298. [PMID: 35506234 PMCID: PMC9090362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2052868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases IX and CAXII (CAIX/CAXII) are transmembrane zinc metalloproteins that catalyze a very basic but crucial physiological reaction: the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate with a release of the proton. CA, especially CAIX and CAXII isoforms gained the attention of many researchers interested in anticancer drug design due to pivotal functions of enzymes in the cancer cell metastasis and response to hypoxia, and their expression restricted to malignant cells. This offers an opportunity to develop new targeted therapies with fewer side effects. Continuous efforts led to the discovery of a series of diverse compounds with the most abundant sulphonamide derivatives. Here we review current knowledge considering small molecule and antibody-based targeting of CAIX/CAXII in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Drozda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Wl. Bieganski Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Akgül Ö, Lucarini E, Mannelli LDC, Ghelardini C, D'Ambrosio K, Buonanno M, Monti SM, De Simone G, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Carta F. Sultam based Carbonic Anhydrase VII inhibitors for the management of neuropathic pain. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113956. [PMID: 34731762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of compounds 1-17 derived from the antiepileptic drug Sulthiame (SLT) from which both the benzenesulfonamide and the sultam moiety were retained. All compounds were tested in vitro for their inhibition activity against the human (h) Carbonic Anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) I, II, VII, IX and XII isoforms. Among the series, derivatives 1 and 11 showed great enhancement of both inhibition potency and selectivity towards the hCA VII isoform, when compared to the reference SLT drug. The binding mode of 11 within the hCA VII active site was deciphered by means of X-ray crystallography and revealed the sultam moiety being exposed to the rim of the active site. In vivo experiments on a model of neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin clearly showed 11 being an effective pain relieving agent and therefore worth of further exploitation towards the validation of the hCA VII as new target for the management of neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Akgül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Elena Lucarini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Katia D'Ambrosio
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
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5
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Emerging role of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1233-1249. [PMID: 34013961 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was clinically exploited for decades, as most modern diuretics were obtained considering as lead molecule acetazolamide, the prototypical CA inhibitor (CAI). The discovery and characterization of multiple human CA (hCA) isoforms, 15 of which being known today, led to new applications of their inhibitors. They include widely clinically used antiglaucoma, antiepileptic and antiobesity agents, antitumor drugs in clinical development, as well as drugs for the management of acute mountain sickness and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Emerging roles of several CA isoforms in areas not generally connected to these enzymes were recently documented, such as in neuropathic pain, cerebral ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, oxidative stress and Alzheimer's disease. Proof-of-concept studies thus emerged by using isoform-selective inhibitors, which may lead to new clinical applications in such areas. Relevant preclinical models are available for these pathologies due to the availability of isoform-selective CAIs for all human isoforms, belonging to novel classes of compounds, such as coumarins, sulfocoumarins, dithiocarbamates, benzoxaboroles, apart the classical sulfonamide inhibitors. The inhibition of CAs from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans or nematodes started recently to be considered for obtaining anti-infectives with a new mechanism of action.
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Dao K, Thoueille P, Decosterd LA, Mercier T, Guidi M, Bardinet C, Lebon S, Choong E, Castang A, Guittet C, Granier LA, Buclin T. Sultiame pharmacokinetic profile in plasma and erythrocytes after single oral doses: A pilot study in healthy volunteers. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00558. [PMID: 31990440 PMCID: PMC6986439 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A pilot study was conducted aiming at specifying sultiame's pharmacokinetic profile, completed by in vitro assays evaluating the intraerythrocytic transfer of sultiame and by a pharmacokinetic model assessing its distribution. Single oral doses of sultiame (Ospolot® 50, 100, and 200 mg) were administered in open‐label to four healthy volunteers. Serial plasma, whole blood, and urine samples were collected. A spiking experiment was also performed to characterize sultiame's exchanges between plasma and erythrocytes in vitro. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using standard noncompartmental calculations and nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling. The plasma maximal concentrations (Cmax) showed striking nonlinear disposition of sultiame, with a 10‐fold increase while doses were doubled. Conversely, whole blood Cmax increased less than dose proportionally while staying much higher than in plasma. Quick uptake of sultiame into erythrocytes observed in vivo was confirmed in vitro, with minimal efflux. A two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption, incorporating a saturable ligand to receptor binding, described the data remarkably well, indicating apparent plasma clearance of 10.0 L/h (BSV: 29%) and distribution volume of 64.8 L; saturable uptake into an intracellular compartment of 3.3 L with a maximum binding capacity of 111 mg accounted for nonlinearities observed in plasma and whole blood concentrations. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of sultiame are reported, including estimates of clearance and volume of distribution that were so far unpublished. The noticeable nonlinearity in sultiame disposition should be taken into account for the design of future studies and the interpretation of therapeutic drug monitoring results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Dao
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Thoueille
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent A Decosterd
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mercier
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monia Guidi
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carine Bardinet
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Lebon
- Unit of Paediatric Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Choong
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Thierry Buclin
- Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Talevi A. Computational approaches for innovative antiepileptic drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:1001-16. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1216965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Koç ER, Erken G, Bilen C, Sackes Z, Gencer N. The effects of anti-epileptic drugs on human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2014; 120:131-5. [PMID: 25101791 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2014.942322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme which plays a role in various homeostatic mechanisms, such as acid-base balance and electrolyte secretion in a various tissues. This study was aimed at determining and comparing possible alterations in activity of this enzyme caused by the use of old (Carbamazepine, Phenytoin Sodium, Sodium Valproate) and new (Levetiracetam, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, Oxcarbazepine) anti-epileptic drugs. Blood samples were collected from the volunteers. The blood samples were centrifuged to separate plasma and erythrocyte package. Hemolysate was prepared from the red cells. CA I and II were purified from human erythrocytes by a simple one step procedure using Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-sulfonamide affinity column. CA I and II isozymes were treated with some anti-epileptic drugs, then the inhibition or activation of enzyme determined. The results of this study show that Levetiracetam is the most effective inhibitor for human erythrocytes carbonic anhydrase compared with the other anti-epileptic drugs.
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Pastorek J, Pastorekova S. Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX as a target for cancer therapy: from biology to clinical use. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:52-64. [PMID: 25117006 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment includes a complicated network of physiological gradients contributing to plasticity of tumor cells and heterogeneity of tumor tissue. Hypoxia is a key component generating intratumoral oxygen gradients, which affect the cellular expression program and lead to therapy resistance and increased metastatic propensity of weakly oxygenated cell subpopulations. One of the adaptive responses of tumor cells to hypoxia involves the increased expression and functional activation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cancer-related cell surface enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and proton. Via its catalytic activity, CA IX participates in regulation of intracellular and extracellular pH perturbations that result from hypoxia-induced changes in cellular metabolism producing excess of acid. Through the ability to regulate pH, CA IX also facilitates cell migration and invasion. In addition, CA IX has non-catalytic function in cell adhesion and spreading. Thus, CA IX endows tumor cells with survival advantages in hypoxia/acidosis and confers an increased ability to migrate, invade and metastasize. Accordingly, CA IX is expressed in a broad range of tumors, where it is associated with prognosis and therapy outcome. Its expression pattern and functional implications in tumor biology make CA IX a promising therapeutic target, which can be hit either by immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or with compounds inhibiting its enzyme activity. The first strategy has already reached the clinical trials, whereas the second one is still in preclinical testing. Both strategies indicate that CA IX can become a clinically useful anticancer target, but urge further efforts toward better selection of patients for immunotherapy and deeper understanding of tumor types, clinical situations and synthetic lethality interactions with other treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Pastorek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have an impressive safety record despite the multiple functions that CA isozymes serve because they are not fully inhibited with most dosing. While reducing the targeted CA-dependent process sufficiently for disease control, residual activity and uncatalyzed rates in combination with compensations are adequate to avoid lethal consequences. Some drugs have in vitro selectivity differences against the 13 active isozymes, but none are convincingly selective in vivo or clinically. Efforts to synthesize selective inhibitors should result in safer drugs with fewer side effects. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on approved drugs with CA-inhibiting activity, whether used directly for this purpose or others. Side effects are discussed in relation to various organ systems and the disease being treated. Causes of side effects are considered, and strategies for symptom reduction are given. EXPERT OPINION Common side effects of paresthesias, dyspepsia, lassitude and fatigue in 30 - 40% of patients are generally tolerable or abate, but if not can be partially relieved by bicarbonate supplementation. The most important safety concerns are severe acidosis, respiratory failure and encephalopathy in patients with renal, pulmonary and hepatic disease where caution is critical, as is also the case in persons with sulfa drug allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Swenson
- University of Washington - Medical Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System , 1660 S Columbian Way, S-111-PLUM, Seattle, WA 98108 , USA
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11
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12
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Aggarwal M, Kondeti B, McKenna R. Anticonvulsant/antiepileptic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:717-24. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.782394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Carta F, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Sulfonamides: a patent review (2008 – 2012). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 22:747-58. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.698264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Dynamic stereochemistry of Topiramate (anticonvulsant drug) in solution: theoretical approaches and experimental validation. Carbohydr Res 2012; 348:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hen N, Bialer M, Yagen B, Maresca A, Aggarwal M, Robbins AH, McKenna R, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Anticonvulsant 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives with branched-alkylamide moieties: X-ray crystallography and inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, and XIV. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3977-81. [PMID: 21506569 DOI: 10.1021/jm200209n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic amides comprising branched aliphatic carboxylic acids and 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide were evaluated for their inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms. Of the most anticonvulsant-active compounds (2, 4, 13, 16, and 17), only 13, 16, and 17 were potent inhibitors of CAs VII and XIV. Compounds 9, 14, and 19 inhibited CA II, while 10 and 12 inhibited all isoforms. Structural studies suggest that differences in the active sites' hydrophobicity modulate the affinity of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naama Hen
- Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel
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Lasoń W, Dudra-Jastrzębska M, Rejdak K, Czuczwar SJ. Basic mechanisms of antiepileptic drugs and their pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions: an update. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:271-92. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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17
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De Simone G, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Which Carbonic Anhydrases are Targeted by the Antiepileptic Sulfonamides and Sulfamates? Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:317-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: The membrane-associated isoform XV is highly inhibited by inorganic anions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:1155-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Hilvo M, Salzano AM, Innocenti A, Kulomaa MS, Scozzafava A, Scaloni A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Cloning, Expression, Post-Translational Modifications and Inhibition Studies on the Latest Mammalian Carbonic Anhydrase Isoform, CA XV. J Med Chem 2008; 52:646-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jm801267c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hilvo
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alessio Innocenti
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, via Argine 1085, 80147 Naples, Italy, Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Florence, Room 188, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy, and School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Biokatu 6, FI-33520, Tampere, Finland
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Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. Curr Pharm Des 2008; 20:3467-74. [PMID: 18336304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs), the metalloenzymes that catalyze the conversion between carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, continue to be surprising targets, as many exciting new discoveries related to them emerge constantly. This is indeed unprecedented as these are quite "old" enzymes, which were discovered in 1933, and thoroughly investigated since then as drug targets. Furthermore, their inhibitors are in clinical use since the 50s. However, in the last years, a host of interesting reports were made regarding the catalytic/inhibition mechanism as well as isolation/characterization of new isozymes belonging to this family, as well as of CAs of non-vertebrate origin.
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Krishnamurthy VM, Kaufman GK, Urbach AR, Gitlin I, Gudiksen KL, Weibel DB, Whitesides GM. Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding. Chem Rev 2008; 108:946-1051. [PMID: 18335973 PMCID: PMC2740730 DOI: 10.1021/cr050262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 561] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George K. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam R. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irina Gitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Katherine L. Gudiksen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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