1
|
Stravinskiene D, Sliziene A, Baranauskiene L, Petrikaite V, Zvirbliene A. Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibodies and Their Recombinant Derivatives Targeting Surface-Exposed Carbonic Anhydrase XII on Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249411. [PMID: 33321910 PMCID: PMC7763246 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies are widely used for the diagnostics and therapy of cancer. They are generated to interact with cell surface proteins which are usually involved in the development and progression of cancer. Carbonic anhydrase XII (CA XII) contributes to the survival of tumors under hypoxic conditions thus is considered a candidate target for antibody-based therapy. In this study, we have generated a novel collection of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the recombinant extracellular domain of CA XII produced in HEK-293 cells. Eighteen out of 24 MAbs were reactive with cellular CA XII on the surface of live kidney and lung cancer cells as determined by flow cytometry. One MAb 14D6 also inhibited the enzymatic activity of recombinant CA XII as measured by the stopped-flow assay. MAb 14D6 showed the migrastatic effect on human lung carcinoma A549 and renal carcinoma A498 cell lines in a ‘wound healing’ assay. It did not reduce the growth of multicellular lung and renal cancer spheroids but reduced the cell viability by the ATP Bioluminescence assay. Epitope mapping revealed the surface-exposed amino acid sequence (35-FGPDGENS-42) close to the catalytic center of CA XII recognized by the MAb 14D6. The variable regions of the heavy and light chains of MAb 14D6 were sequenced and their complementarity-determining regions were defined. The obtained variable sequences were used to generate recombinant antibodies in two formats: single-chain fragment variable (scFv) expressed in E. coli and scFv fused to human IgG1 Fc fragment (scFv-Fc) expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Both recombinant antibodies maintained the same specificity for CA XII as the parental MAb 14D6. The novel antibodies may represent promising tools for CA XII-related cancer research and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dovile Stravinskiene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aiste Sliziene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Lina Baranauskiene
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Vilma Petrikaite
- Department of Biothermodynamics and Drug Design, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.B.); (V.P.)
- Laboratory of Drug Targets Histopathology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu pr. 13, LT-50162 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Zvirbliene
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwan GT, Smith TR, Tresguerres M. Immunological characterization of two types of ionocytes in the inner ear epithelium of Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus). J Comp Physiol B 2020; 190:419-431. [PMID: 32468089 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-020-01276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inner ear is essential for maintaining balance and hearing predator and prey in the environment. Each inner ear contains three CaCO3 otolith polycrystals, which are calcified within an alkaline, K+-rich endolymph secreted by the surrounding epithelium. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood, especially in marine fish. Here, we investigated the presence and cellular localization of several ion-transporting proteins within the saccular epithelium of the Pacific Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus). Western blotting revealed the presence of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), carbonic anhydrase (CA), Na+-K+-2Cl--co-transporter (NKCC), vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (VHA), plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA), and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Immunohistochemistry analysis identified two distinct ionocytes types in the saccular epithelium: Type-I ionocytes were mitochondrion-rich and abundantly expressed NKA and NKCC in their basolateral membrane, indicating a role in secreting K+ into the endolymph. On the other hand, Type-II ionocytes were enriched in cytoplasmic CA and VHA, suggesting they help transport HCO3- into the endolymph and remove H+. In addition, both types of ionocytes expressed cytoplasmic PMCA, which is likely involved in Ca2+ transport and homeostasis, as well as sAC, an evolutionary conserved acid-base sensing enzyme that regulates epithelial ion transport. Furthermore, CA, VHA, and sAC were also expressed within the capillaries that supply blood to the meshwork area, suggesting additional mechanisms that contribute to otolith calcification. This information improves our knowledge about the cellular mechanisms responsible for endolymph ion regulation and otolith formation, and can help understand responses to environmental stressors such as ocean acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garfield T Kwan
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Taylor R Smith
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beckman KA, Luchs J, Milner MS, Ambrus JL. The Potential Role for Early Biomarker Testing as Part of a Modern, Multidisciplinary Approach to Sjögren's Syndrome Diagnosis. Adv Ther 2017; 34:799-812. [PMID: 28283891 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-017-0501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic and progressive multisystem autoimmune disease typically managed by rheumatologists. Diagnostic delays are common, due in large part to the non-specific and variable nature of SS symptoms and the slow progression of disease. The hallmark characteristics of SS are dry eye and dry mouth, but there are a broad range of other possible symptoms such as joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, chronic dry cough, vaginal dryness, extremity numbness or tingling, and disabling fatigue. Given that dry eye and dry mouth are typically the earliest presenting complaints, eye care clinicians and dental professionals are often the first point of medical contact and can provide critical collaboration with rheumatologists to facilitate both timely diagnosis and ongoing care of patients with SS. Current diagnostic criteria advocated by the American College of Rheumatology are predicated on the presence of signs/symptoms suggestive of SS along with at least two objective factors such as traditional biomarker positivity, salivary gland biopsy findings, and/or presence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Traditional biomarkers for SS include the autoantibodies anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A (SS-A/Ro), anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen B (SS-B/La), antinuclear antibody (ANA) titers, and rheumatoid factor (RF). While diagnostically useful, these biomarkers have low specificity for SS and are not always positive, especially in early cases of SS. Several newly-identified biomarkers for SS include autoantibodies to proteins specific to the salivary and lacrimal glands [SP-1 (salivary gland protein-1), PSP (parotid secretory protein), CA-6 (carbonic anhydrase VI)]. Data suggest that these novel biomarkers may appear earlier in the course of disease and are often identified in cases that test negative to traditional biomarkers. The Sjö® test is a commercially available diagnostic panel that incorporates testing for traditional SS biomarkers (anti-SS-A/Ro, anti-SS-B/La, ANA, and RF), as well as three novel, proprietary early biomarkers (antibodies to SP-1, PSP, and CA-6) which provide greater sensitivity and specificity than traditional biomarker testing alone. Timely diagnosis of SS requires appropriate clinical vigilance for potential SS symptoms, referral and collaborative communication among rheumatology, ophthalmology, and oral care professions, and proactive differential work-up that includes both physical and laboratory evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Beckman
- Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio, Westerville, OH, USA.
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jodi Luchs
- Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA
- South Shore Eye Care, Wantagh, NY, USA
| | - Mark S Milner
- The Eye Center of Southern Connecticut, PC, Hamden, CT, USA
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julian L Ambrus
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pertovaara M, Parkkila S, Korpela M. Anti-carbonic anhydrase autoantibodies and serum beta-2 microglobulin correlate with the ClinESSDAI score in patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2017; 35:351. [PMID: 28079504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja Pertovaara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, and University of Tampere, School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- University of Tampere, School of Medicine; and Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Korpela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamaguchi A, Usami K, Shimabe M, Hasegawa K, Asada M, Motoki K, Tahara T, Masuda K. The novel CA IX inhibition antibody chKM4927 shows anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:1997-2004. [PMID: 25862852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an attractive target for cancer therapy. Many anti-CA IX antibodies have been reported but few have been shown to possess inhibition activity. Furthermore, effective use of CA IX-inhibition antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has not been well-validated since data are mainly limited to in vitro assays. In this study, we established that chKM4927, an anti-CA IX chimeric antibody, recognizes CA IX and has CA IX-specific inhibition activity. ChKM4927 also retains antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against CA IX-expressing cancer cells. Compared to controls, chKM4927 treatment (10 mg/kg) showed anti-tumor activity in the VMRC-RCW xenograft model in vivo. ChKM4927-attenuated ADCC activity showed equally effective anti-tumor activity. These results suggest that the CA IX-inhibition antibody chKM4927 has an anti-tumor effect in the VMRC-RCW xenograft model via an ADCC-independent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Yamaguchi
- Nephrology Research Laboratories, Nephrology R&D Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Usami
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munetake Shimabe
- Immunology and Allergy Research Laboratories, Immunology and Allergy R&D Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Hasegawa
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Asada
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Motoki
- Oncology Research Laboratories, Oncology R&D Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tahara
- Open Innovation Department, R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Masuda
- Innovative Technology Laboratories, Research Functions Unit, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pastorek J, Pastorekova S. Hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX as a target for cancer therapy: from biology to clinical use. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:52-64. [PMID: 25117006 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment includes a complicated network of physiological gradients contributing to plasticity of tumor cells and heterogeneity of tumor tissue. Hypoxia is a key component generating intratumoral oxygen gradients, which affect the cellular expression program and lead to therapy resistance and increased metastatic propensity of weakly oxygenated cell subpopulations. One of the adaptive responses of tumor cells to hypoxia involves the increased expression and functional activation of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), a cancer-related cell surface enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ion and proton. Via its catalytic activity, CA IX participates in regulation of intracellular and extracellular pH perturbations that result from hypoxia-induced changes in cellular metabolism producing excess of acid. Through the ability to regulate pH, CA IX also facilitates cell migration and invasion. In addition, CA IX has non-catalytic function in cell adhesion and spreading. Thus, CA IX endows tumor cells with survival advantages in hypoxia/acidosis and confers an increased ability to migrate, invade and metastasize. Accordingly, CA IX is expressed in a broad range of tumors, where it is associated with prognosis and therapy outcome. Its expression pattern and functional implications in tumor biology make CA IX a promising therapeutic target, which can be hit either by immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies or with compounds inhibiting its enzyme activity. The first strategy has already reached the clinical trials, whereas the second one is still in preclinical testing. Both strategies indicate that CA IX can become a clinically useful anticancer target, but urge further efforts toward better selection of patients for immunotherapy and deeper understanding of tumor types, clinical situations and synthetic lethality interactions with other treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Pastorek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Silvia Pastorekova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia; Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tokárová V, Pittermannová A, Král V, Řezáčová P, Štěpánek F. Feasibility and constraints of particle targeting using the antigen-antibody interaction. Nanoscale 2013; 5:11490-11498. [PMID: 24170264 PMCID: PMC4047836 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work is concerned with the surface modification of fluorescent silica nanoparticles by a monoclonal antibody (M75) and the specific bioadhesion of such particles to surfaces containing the PG domain of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), which is a trans-membrane protein specifically expressed on the surfaces of several tumor cell lines. The adhesion strength of antibody-bearing silica nanoparticles to antigen-bearing surfaces was investigated under laminar flow conditions in a microfluidic cell and compared to the adhesion of unmodified silica nanoparticles and nanoparticles coupled with an unspecific antibody. Adhesion to cancer cells using flow cytometry was also investigated and in all cases the adhesion strength of M75-modified nanoparticles was significantly stronger than for the unmodified or unspecific nanoparticles, up to several orders of magnitude in some cases. The specific modification of nano- and microparticles by an antibody-like protein therefore appears to be a feasible approach for the targeting of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Tokárová
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Department of Chemical Engineering , Technická 3 , Prague 6 , 166 28 , Czech Republic . ; Tel: +420 220 443 236
| | - Anna Pittermannová
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Department of Chemical Engineering , Technická 3 , Prague 6 , 166 28 , Czech Republic . ; Tel: +420 220 443 236
| | - Vlastimil Král
- Laboratory of Structural Biology , Institute of Molecular Genetics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083 , Praha 4 , 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Laboratory of Structural Biology , Institute of Molecular Genetics , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083 , Praha 4 , 142 20 , Czech Republic
| | - František Štěpánek
- Institute of Chemical Technology Prague , Department of Chemical Engineering , Technická 3 , Prague 6 , 166 28 , Czech Republic . ; Tel: +420 220 443 236
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Banerji JS. Re: Constantijn H.J. Muselaers, Otto C. Boerman, Egbert Oosterwijk, Johannes F. Langenhuijsen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Peter F.A. Mulders. Indium-111-labeled girentuximab immunospect as a diagnostic tool in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol 2013;63:1101-6. Eur Urol 2013; 64:e82. [PMID: 23849417 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Shen L, Suresh L, Lindemann M, Xuan J, Kowal P, Malyavantham K, Ambrus JL. Novel autoantibodies in Sjogren's syndrome. Clin Immunol 2012; 145:251-5. [PMID: 23123440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is defined by autoantibodies to Ro and La. The current studies identified additional autoantibodies in SS to salivary gland protein 1 (SP-1), carbonic anhydrase 6 (CA6) and parotid secretory protein (PSP). These autoantibodies were present in two animal models for SS and occurred earlier in the course of the disease than antibodies to Ro or La. Patients with SS also produced antibodies to SP-1, CA6 and PSP. These antibodies were found in 45% of patients meeting the criteria for SS who lacked antibodies to Ro or La. Furthermore, in patients with idiopathic xerostomia and xerophthalmia for less than 2 years, 76% had antibodies to SP-1 and/or CA6 while only 31% had antibodies to Ro or La. Antibodies to SP-1, CA6 and PSP may be useful markers for identifying patients with SS at early stages of the disease or those that lack antibodies to either Ro or La.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Shen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lakota J, Lanz A, Dubrovcakova M, Jankovicova B, Gonzalez A, Stern M. Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase in patients with aplastic anemia. Acta Haematol 2012; 128:190-4. [PMID: 22889718 DOI: 10.1159/000338826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Antibodies against carbonic anhydrase (CA) have been detected in patients with an aplastic anemia (AA)-like syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation. METHODS We analyzed sera of 53 bona fide AA patients before and after treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or bone marrow transplantation for the presence of anti-CA antibodies. RESULTS Anti-CA antibodies were detected in 20 patients (38%) and were associated with older age at diagnosis of AA. Antibody-positive patients showed poor response to ATG treatment (complete response 14%) and inferior long-term survival (36% at 10 years), when compared to antibody-negative patients (complete response and 10-year survival both 64%). Two thirds of patients with antibodies at diagnosis of AA became antibody negative after treatment with ATG. Clearance of the antibody did not appear to be associated with hematological improvement. CONCLUSION Antibodies against CA are detected frequently at diagnosis of AA, and their presence identifies a subset of patients with poor response to immunosuppressive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lakota
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Piras M, Tandler B, Barbarossa IT, Piludu M. Immunogold labeling of carbonic anhydrase isozyme (CA-VI) in secretory granules of human parotid glands. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:406-8. [PMID: 21962635 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serous granules in the human parotid gland have a well-defined substructure, consisting of a dense spherule suspended in a moderately dense matrix. Immunogold labeling with an antibody against carbonic anhydrase VI revealed that this enzyme is localized within the matrix and is absent from the spherule. This location matches that of a number of other salivary gland proteins. Cell organelles involved in the secretory pathway are devoid of label. Labeling was not observed in any ductular component of the gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Piras
- Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pertovaara M, Bootorabi F, Kuuslahti M, Uusitalo H, Pukander J, Helin H, Parkkila S. Carbonic anhydrase autoantibodies and sicca symptoms in primary Sjögren´s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2012; 30:456-457. [PMID: 22513263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
13
|
Cannone M. [Anti-carbonic anhydrase antibodies and primary Sjogren's syndrome]. G Ital Nefrol 2011; 28:576. [PMID: 22167603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cannone
- Sezione di Nefrologia - Dipartimento di Medicina Universita' degli Studi di Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Battke C, Kremmer E, Mysliwietz J, Gondi G, Dumitru C, Brandau S, Lang S, Vullo D, Supuran C, Zeidler R. Generation and characterization of the first inhibitory antibody targeting tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase XII. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2011; 60:649-58. [PMID: 21298264 PMCID: PMC11028429 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-011-0980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) constitute a family of almost ubiquitous enzymes of significant importance for many physiological and pathological processes. CAs reversely catalyse the conversion of CO(2) + H(2)O to HCO(3) (-) and H(+), thereby contributing to the regulation of intracellular pH. Above all, CAs are of key importance for cells that perform glycolysis that inevitably leads to the intracellular accumulation of lactate. CA XII is a plasma membrane-associated isoform of the enzyme, which is induced by hypoxia and oestrogen and, consequently, expressed at high levels on various types of cancer and, intriguingly, on cancer stem cells. The enzyme is directly involved in tumour progression, and its inhibition has an anti-tumour effect. Apart from its role in carcinogenesis, the enzyme contributes to various other diseases like glaucoma and arteriosclerotic plaques, among others. CA XII is therefore regarded as promising target for specific therapies. We have now generated the first monoclonal antibody (6A10) that binds to the catalytic domain of CA XII on vital tumour cells and inhibits CA XII enzyme activity at nanomolar concentrations and thus much more effective than acetazolamide. In vitro results demonstrate that inhibition of CA XII by 6A10 inhibits the growth of tumour cells in 3-dimensional structures. In conclusion, we generated the first specific and efficient biological inhibitor of tumour-associated CA XII. This antibody may serve as a valuable tool for in vivo diagnosis and adjuvant treatment of different types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Battke
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz-Center, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz-Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mysliwietz
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz-Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabor Gondi
- Department of Gene Vectors, Helmholtz-Center, Marchioninistr. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Dumitru
- ENT-Department, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- ENT-Department, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- ENT-Department, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- ENT-Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, c/o Helmholtz-Center, Marchioninistr. 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim BR, Yang EK, Kim SH, Moon DC, Kim HJ, Lee JC, Kim DY. Immunostimulatory activity of dendritic cells pulsed with carbonic anhydrase IX and Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A for renal cell carcinoma. J Microbiol 2011; 49:115-20. [PMID: 21369988 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-011-1037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is a potent therapeutic modality for treating renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but development of antigens specific for tumor-targeting and anti-tumor immunity is of great interest for clinical trials. The present study investigated the ability of DCs pulsed with a combination of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) as an RCC-specific biomarker and Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A (AbOmpA) as an immunoadjuvant to induce anti-tumor immunity against murine renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) in a murine model. Murine bone-marrow-derived DCs pulsed with a combination of RENCA lysates and AbOmpA were tested for their capacity to induce DC maturation and T cell responses in vitro. A combination of RENCA lysates and AbOmpA up-regulated the surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, and the antigen presenting molecules, major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and class II, in DCs. A combination of RENCA lysates and AbOmpA also induced interleukin-12 (IL-12) production in DCs. Next, the immunostimulatory activity of DCs pulsed with a combination of CA9 and AbOmpA was determined. A combination of CA9 and AbOmpA up-regulated the surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules and antigen presenting molecules in DCs. DCs pulsed with a combination of CA9 and AbOmpA effectively secreted IL-12 but not IL-10. These cells interacted with T cells and formed clusters. DCs pulsed with CA9 and AbOmpA elicited the secretion of interferon-γ and IL-2 in T cells. In conclusion, a combination of CA9 and AbOmpA enhanced the immunostimulatory activity of DCs, which may effectively induce anti-tumor immunity against human RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ra Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu C, Lo A, Yammanuru A, Tallarico ASC, Brady K, Murakami A, Barteneva N, Zhu Q, Marasco WA. Unique biological properties of catalytic domain directed human anti-CAIX antibodies discovered through phage-display technology. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9625. [PMID: 20224781 PMCID: PMC2835754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX, gene G250/MN-encoded transmembrane protein) is highly expressed in various human epithelial tumors such as renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC), but absent from the corresponding normal tissues. Besides the CA signal transduction activity, CAIX may serve as a biomarker in early stages of oncogenesis and also as a reliable marker of hypoxia, which is associated with tumor resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although results from preclinical and clinical studies have shown CAIX as a promising target for detection and therapy for RCC, only a limited number of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and one humanized mAb are available for clinical testing and development. In this study, paramagnetic proteoliposomes of CAIX (CAIX-PMPLs) were constructed and used for anti-CAIX antibody selection from our 27 billion human single-chain antibody (scFv) phage display libraries. A panel of thirteen human scFvs that specifically recognize CAIX expressed on cell surface was identified, epitope mapped primarily to the CA domain, and affinity-binding constants (KD) determined. These human anti-CAIX mAbs are diverse in their functions including induction of surface CAIX internalization into endosomes and inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase activity, the latter being a unique feature that has not been previously reported for anti-CAIX antibodies. These human anti-CAIX antibodies are important reagents for development of new immunotherapies and diagnostic tools for RCC treatment as well as extending our knowledge on the basic structure-function relationships of the CAIX molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Agnes Lo
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Yammanuru
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Aimee St. Clair Tallarico
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kristen Brady
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Akikazu Murakami
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Natasha Barteneva
- Immune Disease Institute and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Quan Zhu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QZ); (WAM)
| | - Wayne A. Marasco
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (QZ); (WAM)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Brouwers AH, Mulders PFA, Oyen WJG. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and normal tissues: experiences from (radio) immunotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:3808-9; author reply 3811-2. [PMID: 18669472 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.17.6073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
18
|
Lakota J, Skultety L, Dubrovcakova M, Altaner C. Presence of serum carbonic anhydrase autoantibodies in patients relapsed after autologous stem cell transplantation indicates an improved prognosis. Neoplasma 2008; 55:488-492. [PMID: 18999876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Here we report patients with Hodgkin's disease and multiple myeloma, who relapsed/progressed after high dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. In patients who developed aplastic anemia type syndrome, spontaneous tumor regression was observed and concomitantly high titers of serum autoantibodies were found. In order to identify the antibody specificity, two-dimensional electrophoresis, blotting and immunoreactions were used to analyze the peripheral blood stem cell extract with autoantibodies containing serum. The unique protein spot visualized exclusively by serum of patients with aplastic anemia type syndrome was identified as carbonic anhydrase I (CA I, accession No. P00915 and Q7M316) by means of mass spectrometry. The specificity of autoantibodies was confirmed by reaction with commercial CAs I, II, IX and XII. Immunoreaction in Western blots with these CA isoforms differed in sera obtained from patients with various types of the disease. Sera of Hodgkin's disease patients reacted with CA I, II and XII; sera of multiple myeloma patients reacted with the CA I, II, XII and IX. Patients developing and/or possessing CA autoantibodies had a significant survival benefit over those who did not develop CA anhydrase autoantibodies. Possible relevance of the presence of CA autoantibodies and clinical outcome is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lakota
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Takacova M, Barathova M, Hulikova A, Ohradanova A, Kopacek J, Parkkila S, Pastorek J, Pastorekova S, Zatovicova M. Hypoxia-inducible expression of the mouse carbonic anhydrase IX demonstrated by new monoclonal antibodies. Int J Oncol 2007; 31:1103-10. [PMID: 17912436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CA IX is a transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme predominantly expressed in human tumors in response to hypoxia and functionally implicated in adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxic stress via control of pH and cell adhesion. Intense investigations of the human CA IX as a hypoxic marker and a therapeutic target have been facilitated by specific monoclonal antibodies. However, no such reagents existed for the mouse CA IX ortholog. We generated five new anti-mouse CA IX monoclonal antibodies AM1-4, AM4-3, AM27-4, AM34-7 and AM35-1 produced using CA IX-deficient mice. The antibodies are suitable for various immunodetection methods including immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Using these reagents we show that the mouse CA IX is expressed in three out of nine tested mouse cell lines, namely in L929, MEF and TSA and is regulated by hypoxia and cell density similarly to human CA IX. We also demonstrate that the mouse CA IX exhibits hypoxia-related expression pattern in multicellular spheroids and in tumor xenografts. Our results indicate the use of the mouse model as suitable for further studies of CA IX role in tumor development and for its pre-clinical investigations. The new monoclonal antibodies represent potent tools for accomplishment of these future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Takacova
- Institute of Virology, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Davis ID, Wiseman GA, Lee FT, Gansen DN, Hopkins W, Papenfuss AT, Liu Z, Moynihan TJ, Croghan GA, Adjei AA, Hoffman EW, Ingle JN, Old LJ, Scott AM. A phase I multiple dose, dose escalation study of cG250 monoclonal antibody in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immun 2007; 7:13. [PMID: 17705349 PMCID: PMC2935755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The chimeric monoclonal antibody cG250 recognises the G250/CAIX/MN antigen found on 95% of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). We performed a phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety, blood pharmacokinetics (PK), and biodistribution of repeated doses of cG250. The primary endpoint was toxicity. Secondary endpoints were cG250 biodistribution and PK; measurement of human anti-chimeric-antibodies (HACA); and tumour response rates. Eligible patients had unresectable or metastatic clear cell RCC. Doses of 5, 10, 25, or 50 mg/m(2) were given weekly by intravenous infusion for six weeks. Three patients were treated at each dose level. Trace (131)I-labelled cG250 was administered on weeks 1 and 5. Thirteen patients participated and were evaluable. One patient developed brain metastases and was replaced. No grade 3 or 4 toxicities and no dose-limiting toxicity occurred. One patient died due to progressive disease within 30 days of receiving the study drug. One patient developed HACA during the second six-week cycle. PK analysis showed mean whole body and blood alpha and beta half-lives of cG250 of 18.99 +/- 6.84 and 180.19 +/- 86.68 hours, respectively. All patients had cG250 tumour localization by gamma camera imaging in week 1 and 5. One patient had a complete response, nine patients had stable disease, and three had progressive disease. One patient received 11 six-week cycles of treatment with no toxicity or HACA. In conclusion, repeated intravenous doses of up to 50 mg/m(2) of cG250 are safe. Furthermore cG250 has a long half-life and targets clear cell RCC effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davis ID, Liu Z, Saunders W, Lee FT, Spirkoska V, Hopkins W, Smyth FE, Chong G, Papenfuss AT, Chappell B, Poon A, Saunder TH, Hoffman EW, Old LJ, Scott AM. A pilot study of monoclonal antibody cG250 and low dose subcutaneous IL-2 in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immun 2007; 7:14. [PMID: 17705350 PMCID: PMC2935743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The chimeric monoclonal antibody cG250 recognizes the CAIX/MN antigen. cG250 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses in vitro that can be enhanced by IL-2. We studied the effects of adding daily low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 to cG250 for treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The primary endpoints of the trial were toxicity and immunological effects (human anti-chimeric antibodies [HACA], ADCC, natural killer [NK] and lymphokine-activated killer cell [LAK] activity); secondary endpoints were cG250 biodistribution and pharmacokinetics (PK) and tumour response rates. Eligible patients had unresectable metastatic or locally advanced clear cell RCC with measurable or evaluable disease. Nine patients were treated with six doses of cG250 (10 mg/m(2)/week, first and fifth doses trace-labelled with (131)I), and 1.25 x 10(6) IU/m(2)/day IL-2 for six weeks. Treatment was generally well tolerated with no adverse events attributable to cG250. Two patients required a 50% dose reduction of IL-2 due to toxicity. No HACA was detected. (131)I-labeled cG250 showed excellent targeting of tumour deposits. (131)I cG250 PK: T(1/2)alpha 20.16 +/- 6.59 h, T(1/2)beta 126.21 +/- 34.04 h, CL 39.67 +/- 23.06 mL/h, Cmax 5.12 +/- 0.86 microg/mL, V(1) 3.88 +/- 1.05 L. IL-2 did not affect cG250 PK. A trend for increased percentage of circulating CD3-/CD16+CD56+ NK cells was observed. Some patients showed enhanced ADCC or LAK activity. No antitumour responses were observed. In conclusion, weekly cG250 with daily low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 is well tolerated. IL-2 does not influence cG250 biodistribution or increase HACA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Davis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kaneta T, Takahashi M, Imasaka T. On-column capture of a specific protein separated by SDS-CGE using an immunological reaction on magnetic beads. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2262-6. [PMID: 17538922 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The on-column capture of a specific protein using magnetic beads was applied to SDS-CGE. In a preliminary study, an immunological reaction in the presence of SDS, using a batch method, was attempted. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), alpha-lactalbumin (LA), and HSA were denatured by heating in the presence of SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, and then reacted with anti-CA that had been immobilized on magnetic beads. Not only native CA, but also the denatured CA reacted with anti-CA, even in the presence of SDS. Therefore, the on-column capture of denatured CA separated by SDS-CGE was attempted using a two-point detection technique. A mixture of proteins, containing LA, CA, and HSA, were separated by SDS-CGE according to their Mr. The CA was then specifically captured on anti-CA-immobilized magnetic beads, which were packed between two detection windows in the capillary column, during the electrophoresis. The results show that the technique leads to information similar to that obtained by Western blotting, i.e., a protein can be identified by its Mr and reaction with its antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kaneta
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim HL, Sun X, Subjeck JR, Wang XY. Evaluation of renal cell carcinoma vaccines targeting carbonic anhydrase IX using heat shock protein 110. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:1097-105. [PMID: 17146628 PMCID: PMC11030135 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC)-specific tumor protein that is targeted using heat shock protein 110 (hsp110). The chaperoning ability of hsp110 can be utilized to form a complex with CA9 (hsp110 + CA9) in vitro, which can be administered as a highly concentrated tumor vaccine. In a tumor prevention model, hsp110 + CA9 prevented the growth of RENCA tumors in BALB/c mice, and produced IFN-gamma response measured using ELISPOT and an antibody response measured using ELISA. To test a second vaccine strategy, hsp110 complexed to a previously described CA9 peptide prevented tumor growth and produced a very weak IFN-gamma response, but no antibody response. A plasmid vector containing grp170, a member of the hsp110 family, linked to CA9 did not produce an antitumor response and produced no IFN-gamma response or antibodies. In a model of metastatic RCC, RENCA cells were injected intradermally prior to vaccination. Hsp110 + CA9 decreased tumor growth compared to control vaccinations. These studies suggest that recombinant hsp110 complexed to CA9 should be evaluated for treatment of RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung L Kim
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bleumer I, Tiemessen DM, Oosterwijk-Wakka JC, Völler MCW, De Weijer K, Mulders PFA, Oosterwijk E. Preliminary analysis of patients with progressive renal cell carcinoma vaccinated with CA9-peptide-pulsed mature dendritic cells. J Immunother 2007; 30:116-22. [PMID: 17198090 DOI: 10.1097/01.cji.0000211318.22902.ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase-IXG250/MN (CA9) is a renal cell carcinoma (RCC)-associated antigen ubiquitously expressed in the clear-cell subtype of RCC. Two CA9-derived peptides have been identified defining a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR epitope, able to induce T-cell responses in vitro. A phase I clinical trial was performed with CA9-peptide-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with progressive, cytokine-refractory metastatic RCC to assess the safety, toxicity, and induction of CA9-specific immunity. Patients with objective progressive metastatic RCC received 5 vaccinations of mature DCs pulsed with the CA9-derived peptides and keyhole limpet hemocyanine (KLH). Peripheral blood was collected at regular intervals, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was tested at baseline and after the last vaccination, and skin biopsies of positive DTH sites were collected for immunomonitoring purposes. Patients were also monitored for clinical responses. No significant toxicity was observed. All patients developed humoral responses against KLH, and demonstrated DTH conversion. Evaluation of biopsy material suggested an increased influx of T-helper cells. In none of the immunomonitoring assays was evidence for the induction of CA9-peptide-specific immunity observed. No clinical responses were observed. The vaccination of DCs pulsed with KLH and 2 CA9-derived peptides was well tolerated. The lack of induction of CA9-peptide-specific immune responses indicates that this particular vaccine regimen is poor in inducing CA9-peptide-specific immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Bleumer
- University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang YD, Zheng SB, Tan WL, Zhao SC, Ren F, Zhang B. [Fusion expression of human renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250/MN/CA IX in prokaryotic expression system]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2007; 27:307-9. [PMID: 17425979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To achieve high expression of human renal cell carcinoma-associated antigen G250 in Escherichia coli. METHODS The gene fragments encoding the protein obtained by PCR was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+) and expressed in E. coli Rosseta. The immunogenicity of the recombinant protein was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS The plasmid pET32a(+)/G250 was constructed and expressed in E. coli Rosseta successfully. Western blot analysis showed that the recombinant protein could be specifically recognized by monoclonal antibody M75. CONCLUSION Efficient G250 expression is achieved in prokaryotic expression system, which may facilitate further functional study of the protein and its monoclonal antibody preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-dong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lamers CHJ, Sleijfer S, Vulto AG, Kruit WHJ, Kliffen M, Debets R, Gratama JW, Stoter G, Oosterwijk E. Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with autologous T-lymphocytes genetically retargeted against carbonic anhydrase IX: first clinical experience. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:e20-2. [PMID: 16648493 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.05.9964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Uemura H, Fujimoto K, Tanaka M, Yoshikawa M, Hirao Y, Uejima S, Yoshikawa K, Itoh K. A Phase I Trial of Vaccination of CA9-Derived Peptides for HLA-A24-Positive Patients with Cytokine-Refractory Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:1768-75. [PMID: 16551861 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A phase I peptide vaccination trial was done in patients with progressive cytokine-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to assess both the toxicity and capability to induce immune responses of three peptides (CA9p219-227, p288-296, and p323-331) derived from CA9, a tumor-associated antigen ubiquitously expressed in RCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Twenty-three patients positive for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24 with histologically confirmed RCC were enrolled. Eligibility included progressive disease after standard cytokine therapy with interleukin-2 and/or IFN-alpha. Patients were vaccinated s.c. with the three peptides emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant at 2-week intervals. Pre- and post-vaccination blood samples were obtained for toxicity assessment and immunologic studies. Patients were monitored for clinical responses on a 3-monthly basis. RESULTS Vaccinations were well tolerated without any major adverse event. Most of the patients developed peptide-specific CTLs and/or immunoglobulin G reactive to the peptides after the 6th or 9th vaccination, followed by a gradual increase in both CTL frequency and levels of peptide-reactive serum IgG. Three patients with multiple lung metastases showed partial responses with disappearance and shrinking of metastatic lesions. Additionally, stable disease for >6 months was observed in six patients (median duration, 12.2 months). Moreover, the median survival time of all patients who were progressive at trial enrollment after failing immunotherapy was 21.0 months (5-35 months). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that vaccination of these peptides is safe and recommended for further trials for HLA-A24-positive metastatic RCC patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/adverse effects
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX
- Carbonic Anhydrases/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/mortality
- Cytokines/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fatigue/chemically induced
- Female
- Fever/chemically induced
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A24 Antigen
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Kidney Neoplasms/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Subunit/adverse effects
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brouwers AH, Boerman OC, Oyen WJG. In vivo molecular prediction of carbonic anhydrase IX-G250MN expression on immunotherapy outcome in renal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 11:8886; author reply 8886. [PMID: 16361579 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
29
|
Hosoda H, Okawa-Takatsuji M, Hasimoto N, Ikeda Y. [Immunologic tests: Anti-carbonic anhydrase II antibody]. Nihon Rinsho 2005; 63 Suppl 7:630-3. [PMID: 16111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hosoda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Kosei Nenkin Hospital
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
G250 or carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) thought to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation in response to hypoxic conditions and may be involved in oncogenesis and tumor progression. G250 refers to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that was raised by immunization of mice with human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) homogenates. The RCC-associated transmembrane protein designated G250 has since proven to be identical to tumor-associated protein MN or CA IX. Previous studies using a mAb against CA IX have shown that CA IX is induced constitutively in certain tumor types, but is absent in most normal tissues with the exception of epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, previous immunobiochemical studies of malignant and benign renal tissues revealed that CA IX was also highly expressed in RCC. Studies on tumor-bearing kidneys demonstrate selective uptake of mAb CA IX in antigen-positive cells versus antigen-negative cells. Furthermore, extraordinarily high uptake and the requirement of a low protein dose to obtain tumor saturation with respect to tumor targeting occur with mAb CA IX. These studies formed the basis of numerous clinical trials aimed at mAb-guided therapy in patients with metastatic RCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Lam
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 2333 Peter Ueberroth Building, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mulders P, Bleumer I, Debruyne F, Oosterwijk E. Specific monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy by targeting the RCC-associated antigen carbonic anhydrase-IXG250/MN. Urologe A 2004; 43 Suppl 3:S146-7. [PMID: 15164181 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-004-0609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Carbonic Anhydrase IX
- Carbonic Anhydrases/immunology
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/immunology
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Delivery Systems
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Humans
- Interleukin-2/adverse effects
- Interleukin-2/therapeutic use
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Rituximab
- Trastuzumab
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mulders
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Song SC, Czerwinski M, Wojczyk BS, Spitalnik SL. Alteration of amino acid residues at the L-chain N-terminus and in complementarity-determining region 3 increases affinity of a recombinant F(ab) for the human N blood group antigen. Transfusion 2004; 44:173-86. [PMID: 14962308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.00625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the fine specificity of glycopeptide-specific antibodies, this study focused on the human MN blood group system. F(ab) phage display methods were previously used to construct an F(ab) family in which the H-chain Fd fragment was held constant whereas the L chains were "shuffled." This yielded two related F(ab), N92 and NNA7, with low and high affinity for N, respectively. Although their L-chain sequences are very similar, sharing 92 percent amino acid identity, there are intriguing differences at the N-terminus and in complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) at positions 89, 91, 92, and 96. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Site-directed mutagenesis, ELISA, and hemagglutination were used to examine the contributions of these variations to antibody affinity. RESULTS Studies with the N92-S91G and NNA7-G91S mutants demonstrated that the Gly at position 91 was critically important for ensuring high affinity. Indeed, the affinity of N92-S91G was almost as high as N92TM, in which all four CDR3 residues were changed to match NNA7. N-terminal L-chain differences were surprisingly important in determining affinity. For example, when the N-terminus of N92 was changed to match that of NNA7, affinity increased approximately 30-fold. CONCLUSION Specific residues at the L-chain N-terminus and in CDR3 significantly affected F(ab) affinity for N. Future structural studies of these F(ab), alone and complexed with this glycopeptide antigen, will provide further insights into these phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuh-Chyuny Song
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bataller L, Sabater L, Saiz A, Serra C, Claramonte B, Graus F. Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII: Autoantigen in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Ann Neurol 2004; 56:575-9. [PMID: 15389893 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Serum of a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) and malignant melanoma had a unique reactivity with Purkinje cells that was not observed in serum of patients with PCD and other tumors, or with malignant melanoma without paraneoplastic syndromes. The screening of a human cerebellar complementary DNA expression library with the patient's serum resulted in the isolation of the CA8 gene. CA8 encodes carbonic anhydrase-related protein (CARP) VIII, preferentially expressed in Purkinje cells. The patient had intrathecal synthesis of CARP VIII antibodies. One of seven melanomas tested expressed CARP VIII. These data suggest CARP VIII may be an autoantigen involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma-associated PCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bataller
- Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d'Investigació Biomédica August Pi I Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zat'ovicová M, Tarábková K, Svastová E, Gibadulinová A, Mucha V, Jakubícková L, Biesová Z, Rafajová M, Ortova Gut M, Parkkila S, Parkkila AK, Waheed A, Sly WS, Horak I, Pastorek J, Pastoreková S. Monoclonal antibodies generated in carbonic anhydrase IX-deficient mice recognize different domains of tumour-associated hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX*1. J Immunol Methods 2003; 282:117-34. [PMID: 14604546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2003.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is frequently expressed in human tumours in response to hypoxia and may serve as a tumour marker and therapeutic target. So far, only a single monoclonal antibody (MAb) M75 with an epitope in the N-terminal proteoglycan (PG)-like region has been available for detection purposes. Attempts to produce MAbs against other parts of CA IX were unsuccessful due to the immunodominance of the PG region that significantly differs between human and mouse homologues. To overcome this problem, we used various forms of human CA IX antigen to immunize CA IX-deficient mice recently produced by targeted disruption of Car9 gene. Here, we describe new MAbs that react with human, but not mouse CA IX in different immunodetection settings, and show no cross-reactivity with CA I, II and XII. MAb IV/18 is directed to the PG region, while the other six antibodies bind to the CA domain, as determined by CA IX deletion variants. IV/18 recognizes a linear epitope, while anti-CA MAbs V/10, V/12, VII/20, VII/28, VII/32 and VII/38 react with conformational epitopes clustered into three antigenic sites. The new antibodies represent important tools for improving our knowledge of structure-function relationships in the CA IX molecule and a better understanding of the role of CA IX in cancer development. Moreover, the availability of the MAbs specific for distinct antigenic regions on two separate extracellular domains offers an opportunity to elaborate a sensitive assay that could be particularly important for CA IX detection in body fluids of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Zat'ovicová
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kyllönen MS, Parkkila S, Rajaniemi H, Waheed A, Grubb JH, Shah GN, Sly WS, Kaunisto K. Localization of carbonic anhydrase XII to the basolateral membrane of H+-secreting cells of mouse and rat kidney. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:1217-24. [PMID: 12923247 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) has a crucial role in renal HCO(3)(-) absorption. CA activity has been localized to both luminal and basolateral membranes of the tubule epithelial cells. CA XII is a transmembrane isoenzyme that has been demonstrated in the basolateral plasma membrane of human renal, intestinal, and reproductive epithelia. The present study was designed to demonstrate the distribution of CA XII expression in the rodent kidney. A new polyclonal antibody to recombinant mouse CA XII was used in both Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Western blotting analysis revealed a 40-45-kD polypeptide in CA XII-expressing CHO cells and isolated membranes of mouse and rat kidney. Immunofluorescence staining localized CA XII in the basolateral plasma membranes of S1 and S2 proximal tubule segments. Abundant basolateral staining of CA XII was seen in a subpopulation of cells in both cortical and medullary collecting ducts. Double immunofluorescence staining identified these cells as H(+)-secreting type A intercalated cells. The localization of CA XII in the peritubular space of proximal tubules suggests that it may play a role in renal HCO(3)(-) absorption, whereas the function of CA XII in the type A intercalated cells needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matti S Kyllönen
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mastrolorenzo A, Zuccati G, Massi D, Gabrielli MG, Casini A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Immunohistochemical study of carbonic anhydrase isozymes in human skin. Eur J Dermatol 2003; 13:440-4. [PMID: 14693486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes have been discovered in human organs. However, there is little evidence concerning their expression in mammal skin, humans included, and the isozymes involved have not been identified yet. In this study, the distribution of three CA isozymes I, II and IX in human skin from healthy subjects was investigated using an immunohistochemical technique. Specific staining for CA I and II was detected in the basolateral plasma membrane of the epithelial cells of the spinous and basal layers of epidermis as well as in the endothelium of capillaries in the papillary dermis. A marked CA II immunoreactivity was mostly found in secretory cells of the sweat glands. No signal for CA IX was detected but on the plasma membranes and the cytoplasm of cells surrounding the hair shaft. The significance and biological role of CA isozymes expression in human skin is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mastrolorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Dermatologiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Degli Alfani, 37, 50121 Firenze, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brouwers AH, Frielink C, Oosterwijk E, Oyen WJG, Corstens FHM, Boerman OC. Interferons Can Upregulate the Expression of the Tumor Associated Antigen G250-MN/CA IX, a Potential Target for (Radio)Immunotherapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2003; 18:539-47. [PMID: 14503948 DOI: 10.1089/108497803322287619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) can induce therapeutic responses in a minority (5-25%) of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). G250-MN/CA IX, a tumor-associated antigen expressed on the majority of clear cell RCCs, is a potential (radio)immunotherapeutic target for G250-antibody based (radio)immunotherapy. We investigated the effect of the biological response modifiers (BRMs) IL-2, IFN-alpha, and IFN-gamma on the expression of the G250 antigen on RCC cells. METHODS In vitro, the expression of the G250 antigen was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) after culturing RCC cells in the presence of various concentrations of the BRMs. Additionally, the number of G250 epitopes per cell was determined quantitatively by Scatchard analysis. RESULTS Upregulation of G250 expression was observed on RCC cells cultured in the presence of IFN-alpha or IFN-gamma, whereas the addition of IL-2 had no effect. For both IFNs a clear dose-response relation between G250 antigen expression and IFN dose was observed, with IFN-gamma being the more potent agent. G250 expression could be upregulated four-fold. Interestingly, the effect of combining IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma revealed a more pronounced upregulation of G250 expression than either one of the IFNs alone. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of in vitro experiments, G250 expression can be upregulated by IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma. In vivo studies are warranted to investigate whether due to IFN treatment increased G250 expression occurs, and whether increased G250 expression can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of G250-antibody based (radio)immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne H Brouwers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chrastina A, Závada J, Parkkila S, Kaluz S, Kaluzová M, Rajcáni J, Pastorek J, Pastoreková S. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody M75 specific for carbonic anhydrase IX, an intrinsic marker of hypoxia, in nude mice xenografted with human colorectal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2003; 105:873-81. [PMID: 12767076 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is frequently expressed in human carcinomas and absent from the corresponding normal tissues. Strong induction by tumor hypoxia predisposes CA IX to serve as a target for cancer diagnostics and therapy. Here we evaluated targeting properties and pharmacokinetics of CA IX-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) M75. Binding parameters of (125)I-labeled M75, including equilibrium dissociation constant, hypoxia-related binding to various cell lines and internalization, were analyzed in vitro. Biodistribution of (125)I-M75 in nude mice bearing HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma xenografts with hypoxic pattern of CA IX expression was studied by measurements of radioactivity in dissected tissues and macroautoradiography of tissue sections. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered (125)I-M75 was described using a 2-compartment model. Blood clearance showed a distribution phase t(1/2)(alpha) = 3.4 hr and an elimination phase t(1/2)(beta) = 55.3 hr postinjection. Despite predominant CA IX localization in less accessible perinecrotic regions, (125)I-M75 exhibited specific accumulation in xenograft, with a mean uptake of 15.3 +/- 3.6% of injected dose per gram of tumor tissue at 48 hr postadministration. Specificity of M75 localization was confirmed by low tumor uptake of control antibody. Altogether, our data demonstrate that M75 MAb is a promising tool for selective immunotargeting of hypoxic human tumors that express CA IX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Chrastina
- Centre of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leppilampi M, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ, Kivelä J, Pastoreková S, Pastorek J, Waheed A, Sly WS, Parkkila S. Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII in gastric tumors. World J Gastroenterol 2003; 9:1398-403. [PMID: 12854129 PMCID: PMC4615471 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v9.i7.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To systematically study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes IX and XII in gastric tumors.
METHODS: We analyzed a representative series of specimens from non-neoplastic gastric mucosa and from various dysplastic and neoplastic gastric lesions for the expression of CA IX and XII. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using isozyme-specific antibodies and biotin-streptavidin complex method.
RESULTS: CA IX was highly expressed in the normal gastric mucosa and remained positive in many gastric tumors. In adenomas, CA IX expression significantly decreased towards the high grade dysplasia. However, the expression resumed back to the normal level in well differentiated adenocarcinomas, while it again declined in carcinomas with less differentiation. In comparison, CA XII showed no or weak immunoreaction in the normal gastric mucosa and was slightly increased in tumors.
CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that CA IX expression is sustained in several types of gastric tumors. The variations observed in the CA IX levels support the concept that gastric adenomas and carcinomas are distinct entities and do not represent progressive steps of a single pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Leppilampi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, P.O.Box 5000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Amasaki H, Arai R, Ogawa M, Takemura N, Yamagami T, Nagasao J, Mutoh KI, Ichihara N, Asari M. Postnatal development of the mouse volatile papilla taste bud cells. J Vet Med Sci 2003; 65:541-3. [PMID: 12736441 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.65.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined specific markers for taste bud cells in the mouse and the postnatal development of volatile papilla taste bud cells in ddY mice. We examined the immunoreactivity of 4 types of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, CA I, CA II, CA III and CA VI, as specific markers for taste bud cells, and K8.13 cytokeratin antibody as a specific marker for the lingual epithelial cells. Of the carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, only CA III immunoreactivity was clearly detected in the spindle shaped gustatory cells. CA VI immunoreactivity was detectable in suspentacular cells. CA I and CA II antibodies did not recognize any taste bud cell specifically. K8.13 cytokeratin immunoreactivity was detected in the lingual epithelial cells, but not in taste bud cells. At 7 days after birth, the suckling phase, very small taste buds developed from the anaplastic gustatory cells. At 14 days after birth, the taste buds showed larger size than those at 7 days after birth. At 21 days birth, after the weaning phase, taste bud structure approximated the mature structure. These results demonstrate the specificity of anti-CA III and anti-CA VI for gustatory cells and suspentacular cells, respectively. These markers should be useful for an analysis of taste bud development in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Amasaki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Schwartz GJ, Kittelberger AM, Watkins RH, O'Reilly MA. Carbonic anhydrase XII mRNA encodes a hydratase that is differentially expressed along the rabbit nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284:F399-410. [PMID: 12388401 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00370.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound carbonic anhydrase (CA) facilitates acidification in the kidney. Although most hydratase activity is considered due to CA IV, some in the basolateral membranes could be attributed to CA XII. Indeed, CA IV is glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored, connoting apical polarization, but CA IV immunoreactivity has been detected on basolateral membranes of proximal tubules. Herein, we determined whether CA XII mRNA was expressed in acidifying segments of the rabbit nephron. The open reading frame of CA XII was sequenced from a rabbit kidney cortex cDNA library; it was 83% identical to human CA XII and coded for a 355-amino acid single-pass transmembrane protein. Northern blot analysis revealed an abundant 4.5-kb message in kidney cortex, medulla, and colon. By in situ hybridization, CA XII mRNA was expressed by proximal convoluted and straight tubules, cortical and medullary collecting ducts, and papillary epithelium. By RT-PCR, CA XII mRNA was abundantly expressed in cortical and medullary collecting ducts and thick ascending limb of Henle's loop; it was also expressed in proximal convoluted and straight tubules but not in glomeruli or S3 segments. FLAG-CA XII of approximately 40 kDa expressed in Escherichia coli showed hydratase activity that was inhibited by 0.1 mM acetazolamide. Unlike CA IV, expressed CA XII activity was inhibited by 1% SDS, suggesting insufficient disulfide linkages to stabilize the molecule. Western blotting of expressed CA XII with two anti-rabbit CA IV peptide antibodies showed no cross-reactivity. Our findings indicate that CA XII may contribute to the membrane CA activity of proximal tubules and collecting ducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hokari A, Zeniya M. [Autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis]. Rinsho Byori 2003; Suppl 124:70-5. [PMID: 12710035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hokari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Parkkila S, Kivelä AJ, Kaunisto K, Parkkila AK, Hakkola J, Rajaniemi H, Waheed A, Sly WS. The plasma membrane carbonic anhydrase in murine hepatocytes identified as isozyme XIV. BMC Gastroenterol 2002; 2:13. [PMID: 12033992 PMCID: PMC115862 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2002] [Accepted: 05/21/2002] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochemical and histochemical studies have both previously indicated plasma membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in hepatocytes which has been assumed to be CA IV. However, immunohistochemical data did not support this assignment. Recent northern blotting results indicated the presence of mRNA for the most recently discovered membrane-bound CA isozyme, CA XIV, in the liver. The present study was designed to examine whether CA XIV could contribute to the CA activity described in the hepatocytes. METHODS Tissue samples from mouse liver were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using the antibodies raised against recombinant mouse CA XIV and CA IV. RT-PCR and western blotting were also performed for CA XIV. RESULTS A strong immunofluorescent signal was observed in the plasma membrane of mouse hepatocytes. Although CA XIV was expressed on both the apical and basolateral surfaces, the staining was more prominent at the apical (canalicular) membrane domain. The expression of CA XIV in the liver was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The presence of CA XIV in the hepatocyte plasma membrane places this novel enzyme at a strategic site to control pH regulation and ion transport between the hepatocytes, sinusoids and bile canaliculi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Parkkila
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland; Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti J Kivelä
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Kaunisto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Parkkila
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Rajaniemi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - William S Sly
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Collas P, Cline R, Landsverk HB, Hein WR, Goldsby RA, Osborne BA, Landsverk T. DNA-containing extracellular 50-nm particles in the ileal Peyer's patch of sheep. Eur J Cell Biol 2002; 81:69-76. [PMID: 11893084 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicles of the ileal Peyer's patch are sites of B cell proliferation and of diversification of the primary immunoglobulin repertoire in ruminants. We demonstrate here that 50-nm carbonic anhydrase-reactive particles released in the intercellular space in the follicle-associated epithelium of the ileal Peyer's patch of lambs contain DNA protected with a detergent-resistant membrane. We named these particles DiCAPs (DNA in carbonic anhydrase particles). DiCAPs can be purified from a suspension collected from ileal Peyer's patch follicles by sedimentation in a sucrose gradient. The DiCAP membrane is resistant to several ionic and non-ionic detergents alone, but can be disrupted by a combination of Triton X-100 and proteinase K. Differential nuclease treatment of purified DiCAPs indicates that they contain DNA. Digestion of DiCAP DNA with six-base pair restriction enzymes produces smears, suggesting that individual DiCAPs contain unique sequences. Nonetheless, the size of DiCAP DNA is smaller (approximately 16 kb) than that of lamb genomic DNA. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of DiCAP DNA reveals the presence of light and heavy chain variable genes as well as housekeeping genes. The data demonstrate the presence of DNA in these extracellular particles, and suggest a role of DiCAPs in transfer of DNA between cells within the ileal Peyer's patch. This raises the possibility of a novel form of communication between cells mediated by nucleic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Collas
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chiang WL, Chu SC, Lai JC, Yang SF, Chiou HL, Hsieh YS. Alternations in quantities and activities of erythrocyte cytosolic carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 314:195-201. [PMID: 11718695 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to evaluate the quantitative and activity alterations of cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoenzymes in the erythrocytes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. METHODS Western Blot and CA esterase activity analysis were employed to measure cytosolic erythrocyte CA isoenzymes. RESULTS The total CA activities were analyzed from erythrocytes of 30 healthy and 30 G6PD-deficient individuals. The mean values with standard error (SE) were 22.9+/-1.69 U/gHb and 27.2+/-2.1 U/gHb (P<0.01), respectively. The ratio of CAI/CAII of G6PD-deficient individuals (1.28+/-0.06) was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (3.79+/-0.18) (P<0.001). Furthermore, the concentration of CAIII in G6PD-deficient individuals was significantly lower than that of the normal subjects (P<0.001) and there were significant correlations between the concentration of CAI, CAII, CAIII, and ratio of CAI/CAII, and the activity concentration of G6PD. CONCLUSIONS Different carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes may serve different roles in the G6PD-deficient erythrocyte. CAI could be used as an indicator for hemolytic anemia. CAII is able to compensate for the functions of CAI and increased expression of CAII will promote oxidative damage. CAIII can provide the G6PD-deficient persons with some extent of protection against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W L Chiang
- School of Medical Technology, Chung-Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Taniguchi T, Okazaki K, Okamoto M, Seko S, Uchida K, Seino Y. Presence of autoantibodies to carbonic anhidrase II and lactoferrin in type 1 diabetes: proposal of the concept of autoimmune exocrinopathy and endocrinopathy of the pancreas. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1695-6. [PMID: 11522728 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.9.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Taniguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohtsu Red Cross Hospital, 1-1-35, Nagara, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and character of autoimmune derangements in women with reproductive failure. A total of 108 females (age range 17-43, mean 27.5 years), including 16 with primary menstrual cycle disturbances and polycystic ovaries (PCO), 20 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 38 with endometriosis (E), and 34 with chronic anovulation, luteal phase insufficiency, subfertility or unexplained infertility (INF) were investigated. A control group of 392 women was formed from an unselected population sample (age range 17-43, mean 31.0 years). All sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence method to assess common autoantibodies: nuclear (ANA), smooth muscle (SMA), parietal cell (PCA), thyroid microsomal (TMA), reticulin (ARA), mitochondrial (AMA) and liver/kidney microsomal autoantibodies (LKMA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibodies against beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta 2GPI) and carbonic anhydrase (anti-CA). Our results showed that 40.7% of patients' sera and 14.8% of control sera contained one or more common autoantibodies, ANA and SMA were most frequently detected (difference between two groups P<0.005). Anti-beta 2GPI were found in eight cases (7.4%), including two patients with INF but without other autoantibodies. Anti-CA were revealed in nine cases (8.3%) including patients' PCOS, E and INF. A comparison of patients' clinical data with antibody assay results did not reveal any significant associations. Our results indicate a high prevalence of autoimmune reactions in women with reproductive failure due to the most common causes PCO, PCOS and E as well as in unexplained infertility. This might reflect the propensity to develop autoimmune reactions in such patients, including pathogenic autoimmune reactions to specific target antigens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Reimand
- Department of Immunology, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 51014, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Desmyter A, Decanniere K, Muyldermans S, Wyns L. Antigen specificity and high affinity binding provided by one single loop of a camel single-domain antibody. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:26285-90. [PMID: 11342547 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102107200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge on antibody-antigen recognition is scarce given the unlimited antibody specificities of which only few have been investigated at an atomic level. We report the crystal structures of an antibody fragment derived from a camel heavy chain antibody against carbonic anhydrase, free and in complex with antigen. Surprisingly, this single-domain antibody interacts with nanomolar affinity with the antigen through its third hypervariable loop (19 amino acids long), providing a flat interacting surface of 620 A(2). For the first time, a single-domain antibody is observed with its first hypervariable loop adopting a type-1 canonical structure. The second hypervariable loop, of unique size due to a somatic mutation, reveals a regular beta-turn. The third hypervariable loop covers the remaining hypervariable loops and the side of the domain that normally interacts with the variable domain of the light chain. Specific amino acid substitutions and reoriented side chains reshape this side of the domain and increase its hydrophilicity. Of interest is the substitution of the conserved Trp-103 by Arg because it opens new perspectives to 'humanize' a camel variable domain of heavy chain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) or to 'camelize' a human or a mouse variable domain of heavy chain of conventional antibody (VH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Desmyter
- Department Ultrastructure, Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Paardenstraat 65, B-1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Parkkila S, Parkkila AK, Rajaniemi H, Shah GN, Grubb JH, Waheed A, Sly WS. Expression of membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase XIV on neurons and axons in mouse and human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:1918-23. [PMID: 11172051 PMCID: PMC29357 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although long suspected from histochemical evidence for carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity on neurons and observations that CA inhibitors enhance the extracellular alkaline shifts associated with synaptic transmission, an extracellular CA in brain had not been identified. A candidate for this CA was suggested by the recent discovery of membrane CA (CA XIV) whose mRNA is expressed in mouse and human brain and in several other tissues. For immunolocalization of CA XIV in mouse and human brain, we developed two antibodies, one against a secretory form of enzymatically active recombinant mouse CA XIV, and one against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 24 C-terminal amino acids in the human enzyme. Immunostaining for CA XIV was found on neuronal membranes and axons in both mouse and human brain. The highest expression was seen on large neuronal bodies and axons in the anterolateral part of pons and medulla oblongata. Other CA XIV-positive sites included the hippocampus, corpus callosum, cerebellar white matter and peduncles, pyramidal tract, and choroid plexus. Mouse brain also showed a positive reaction in the molecular layer of the cerebral cortex and granular cellular layer of the cerebellum. These observations make CA XIV a likely candidate for the extracellular CA postulated to have an important role in modulating excitatory synaptic transmission in brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Parkkila
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Glushkova OV, Novoselova EG, Ogaĭ VB, Sinotova OA, Morenkov OS, Fesenko EE. [Effect of centimeter microwaves on the antibody production in mice]. Biofizika 2001; 46:126-30. [PMID: 11236553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of low-intensity microwaves (8.15-18 GHz, 0.3 or 1 microW/cm2, 1.5 h daily for 30 days) on antibody production in healthy male NMRI mice after immunization with affinity-purified carboanhydrase isolated from bovine erythrocytes with and without Freund's adjuvant was studied. It was found that exposure to microwaves leads to an increase in the concentration of antibodies in blood plasma, the stimulating effect being more pronounced in the primary immune response. It is assumed that the effect of enhancement of the immune response by the action of centimeter microwaves can be used in the adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Glushkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|