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Ladagu AD, Olopade FE, Adejare A, Olopade JO. GluN2A and GluN2B N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDARs) Subunits: Their Roles and Therapeutic Antagonists in Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1535. [PMID: 38004401 PMCID: PMC10674917 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels that respond to the neurotransmitter glutamate, playing a crucial role in the permeability of calcium ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Composed of various subunits, NMDARs are predominantly formed by two obligatory GluN1 subunits (with eight splice variants) along with regulatory subunits GluN2 (GluN2A-2D) and GluN3 (GluN3A-B). They are widely distributed throughout the CNS and are involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning, memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity. The presence of GluN2A and GluN2B subunits is particularly important for cognitive processes and has been strongly implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the roles of GluN2A and GluN2B NMDARs in neuropathologies provides valuable insights into the underlying causes and complexities of major nervous system disorders. This knowledge is vital for the development of selective antagonists targeting GluN2A and GluN2B subunits using pharmacological and molecular methods. Such antagonists represent a promising class of NMDA receptor inhibitors that have the potential to be developed into neuroprotective drugs with optimal therapeutic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Digal Ladagu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
| | - Funmilayo Eniola Olopade
- Developmental Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria
| | - Adeboye Adejare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria; (A.D.L.); (J.O.O.)
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2
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Lüken J, Goerges G, Ritter N, Disse P, Schreiber JA, Schmidt J, Frehland B, Schepmann D, Seebohm G, Wünsch B. Indazole as a Phenol Bioisostere: Structure-Affinity Relationships of GluN2B-Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11573-11588. [PMID: 37580890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulation of GluN2B subunit-containing NMDA receptors prevents overstimulation, resulting in neuroprotective effects. Since the phenol of prominent negative allosteric modulators is prone to rapid glucuronidation, its bioisosteric replacement by an indazole was envisaged. The key step in the synthesis was a Sonogashira reaction of non-protected iodoindazoles with propargylpiperidine derivatives. Modification of the alkynyl moiety allowed the introduction of several functional groups. The synthesized indazoles showed very high GluN2B affinity but limited selectivity over σ receptors. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the same molecular interactions with the ifenprodil binding site as the analogous phenols. In two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments, enantiomeric 3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)-1-(1H-indazol-5-yl)propan-1-ols (S)-10a and (R)-10a displayed higher inhibitory activity than ifenprodil. In contrast to phenolic GluN2B antagonists, the indazoles were not conjugated with glucuronic acid. It can be concluded that the phenol of potent GluN2B antagonists can be replaced bioisosterically by an indazole, retaining the high GluN2B affinity and activity but inhibiting glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lüken
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gunnar Goerges
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nadine Ritter
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julian A Schreiber
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Judith Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bastian Frehland
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Schepmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Cellular Electrophysiology and Molecular Biology, Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 45, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical Biology of Ion Channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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3
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Kukla DL, Canchola J, Rosenthal JD, Mills JJ. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of the anaephene antibiotics. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 98:295-304. [PMID: 34102003 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The natural products, anaephenes A (1) and B (2), were found to have antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this report, we expanded on our previous synthetic efforts by preparing a library of eighteen analogues in order to understand the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this interesting class of natural products. These analogues were selected to explore the biological impact of structural variations in the alkyl chain and on the phenol moiety. Last, we further assessed the biological activity of anaephene B (2) and two additional analogues against other clinically relevant bacterial strains and the hemolytic activity of each and determined that these compounds act via a bactericidal mechanism. These studies led to the identification of compound 7, which was 4-fold more potent than the natural product (2) against MRSA (2 vs. 8 μg/ml) and a 2-hydroxypyridine analogue (18) which demonstrated equal potency compared with the natural product (2), albeit with a significant reduction in hemolytic activity (<1% vs. 80% at 100 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Kukla
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Juan Canchola
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | | | - Jonathan J Mills
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
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4
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Baska F, Szántó G, Bozó É, Szakács Z, Dékány M, Szondiné Kordás K, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Hodoscsek B, Magdó I, Krámos B, Béni Z, Vastag M, Bata I. Discovery of New Heterocyclic Ring Systems as Novel and Potent V 1A Receptor Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3532-3540. [PMID: 33084311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disease with increasing occurrence. Recent studies focus on the development of novel V1A receptor antagonists which can influence the core symptoms of autism through the AVP pathway. In this study, we describe the synthesis of new heterocyclic ring systems. These are a novel class of brain-penetrating V1A antagonists with improved metabolic stability and in vivo potency. The efficacy of the compounds was strongly influenced by the position of the chlorine atom, suggesting halogen bond formation between the ligands and the V1A receptor.
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Key Words
- ASD
- CNS
- V1A receptor
- halogen bonding
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazepine
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazocine
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szántó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | - Dalma Kurkó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hodoscsek
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Magdó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
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5
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A comprehensive description of GluN2B-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Bzeih T, Lamaa D, Frison G, Hachem A, Jaber N, Bignon J, Retailleau P, Alami M, Hamze A. Csp2–Csp2 and Csp2–N Bond Formation in a One-Pot Reaction between N-Tosylhydrazones and Bromonitrobenzenes: An Unexpected Cyclization to Substituted Indole Derivatives. Org Lett 2017; 19:6700-6703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tourin Bzeih
- BioCIS,
Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry,Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Lamaa
- BioCIS,
Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM,
CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ali Hachem
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry,Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada Jaber
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry,Faculty of Sciences (1) and PRASE-EDST, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jerome Bignon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS,
Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Abdallah Hamze
- BioCIS,
Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Ogiyama T, Yamaguchi M, Kurikawa N, Honzumi S, Terayama K, Nagaoka N, Yamamoto Y, Kimura T, Sugiyama D, Inoue SI. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of a novel series of hormone sensitive lipase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4817-4828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Kumar M, Reed N, Liu R, Aizenman E, Wipf P, Tzounopoulos T. Synthesis and Evaluation of Potent KCNQ2/3-Specific Channel Activators. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:667-77. [PMID: 27005699 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KQT-like subfamily (KCNQ) channels are voltage-gated, noninactivating potassium ion channels, and their down-regulation has been implicated in several hyperexcitability-related disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and tinnitus. Activators of these channels reduce the excitability of central and peripheral neurons, and, as such, have therapeutic utility. Here, we synthetically modified several moieties of the KCNQ2-5 channel activator retigabine, an anticonvulsant approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. By introducing a CF3-group at the 4-position of the benzylamine moiety, combined with a fluorine atom at the 3-position of the aniline ring, we generated Ethyl (2-amino-3-fluoro-4-((4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)amino)phenyl)carbamate (RL648_81), a new KCNQ2/3-specific activator that is >15 times more potent and also more selective than retigabine. We suggest that RL648_81 is a promising clinical candidate for treating or preventing neurologic disorders associated with neuronal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elias Aizenman
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine (M.K., T.T.); Department of Chemistry (N.R., R.L., P.W.); Department of Neurobiology (E.A., T.T.); and Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Medicine (E.A.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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9
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Recent advances in applications of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to the analysis of reactive drug metabolites. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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