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Mathur V, Alam O, Siddiqui N, Jha M, Manaithiya A, Bawa S, Sharma N, Alshehri S, Alam P, Shakeel F. Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of DPP-4 Inhibitors for Development of Antidiabetic Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:5860. [PMID: 37570832 PMCID: PMC10420935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article sheds light on the various scaffolds that can be used in the designing and development of novel synthetic compounds to create DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review highlights a variety of scaffolds with high DPP-4 inhibition activity, such as pyrazolopyrimidine, tetrahydro pyridopyrimidine, uracil-based benzoic acid and esters, triazole-based, fluorophenyl-based, glycinamide, glycolamide, β-carbonyl 1,2,4-triazole, and quinazoline motifs. The article further explains that the potential of the compounds can be increased by substituting atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Docking of existing drugs like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and vildagliptin was done using Maestro 12.5, and the interaction with specific residues was studied to gain a better understanding of the active sites of DPP-4. The structural activities of the various scaffolds against DPP-4 were further illustrated by their inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Additionally, various synthesis schemes were developed to make several commercially available DPP4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin, sitagliptin and omarigliptin. In conclusion, the use of halogenated scaffolds for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors is likely to be an area of increasing interest in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mathur
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mukund Jha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Division of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Coumarin-Based Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors: Pre-ADME Analysis, Toxicity Profile, Computational Analysis, and In Vitro Enzyme Assay. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031004. [PMID: 36770672 PMCID: PMC9921777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors has made it feasible to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with minimal side effects. Therefore, in the present investigation, we aimed to discover and develop some coumarin-based sulphonamides as potential DPP-IV inhibitors in light of the fact that molecular hybridization of many bioactive pharmacophores frequently results in synergistic activity. Each of the proposed derivatives was subjected to an in silico virtual screening, and those that met all of the criteria and had a higher binding affinity with the DPP-IV enzyme were then subjected to wet lab synthesis, followed by an in vitro biological evaluation. The results of the pre-ADME and pre-tox predictions indicated that compounds 6e, 6f, 6h, and 6m to 6q were inferior and violated the most drug-like criteria. It was observed that 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6i, 6j, 6r, 6s, and 6t displayed less binding free energy (PDB ID: 5Y7H) than the reference inhibitor and demonstrated drug-likeness properties, hence being selected for wet lab synthesis and the structures being confirmed by spectral analysis. In the in vitro enzyme assay, the standard drug Sitagliptin had an IC50 of 0.018 µM in the experiment which is the most potent. All the tested compounds also displayed significant inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme, but 6i and 6j demonstrated 10.98 and 10.14 µM IC50 values, respectively, i.e., the most potent among the synthesized compounds. Based on our findings, we concluded that coumarin-based sulphonamide derivatives have significant DPP-IV binding ability and exhibit optimal enzyme inhibition in an in vitro enzyme assay.
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Panchani NM, Joshi HS. Green and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Some New Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Antimicrobial and Antitubercular Agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chavan PA, Jadhav SB. Synthesis, Characterization and Screening of Some Novel 2-Methyl-N'-
[(Z)-Substituted-Phenyl ethylidene] Imidazo [1, 2-a] Pyridine-3-Carbohy
drazide Derivatives as DPP-IV Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210901125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
One of the leading global metabolic diseases marked by insulin resistance and
chronic hyperglycemia is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the last decade, DPP-4 enzyme inhibition
has proven to be a successful, safe, and well-established therapy for the treatment of T2DM.
Objective:
The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and screening of some novel 2-
methyl-N'-[(Z)-substituted-phenyl ethylidene] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as
DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.
Methods:
The molecular docking was performed to study these derivatives' binding mode in the enzyme's
allosteric site. All the synthesized compounds were subjected for DPP-IV enzyme assay and in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Results:
The synthesized derivatives exhibited potent antidiabetic activity as compared to the standard
drug Sitagliptin. Out of sixteen compounds, A1, A4, B4, C2, C3, and D4 have shown promising antidiabetic
activity against the DPP-IV enzyme. The most promising compound, C2, showed a percentage inhibition
of 72.02±0.27 at 50 μM concentration. On the 21st-day, compound C2 showed a significant reduction
in serum blood glucose level, i.e., 156.16±4.87 mg/dL, then diabetic control, which was
280.00±13.29 mg/dL whereas, standard Sitagliptin showed 133.50±11.80 mg/dL. In the in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity, the compounds have exhibited good hypoglycemic potential in fasting blood glucose
in the T2DM animal model. All the docked molecules have exhibited perfect binding affinity towards
the active pocket of the enzyme. The synthesized derivatives were screened through Lipinski's rule
of five for better optimization, and fortunately, none of them violated the rule.
Conclusion:
The above results indicate that compound C2 is a relatively active and selective hit molecule
that can be structurally modified to enhance the DPP-IV inhibitor's potency and overall pharmacological
profile. From the present work, it has been concluded that substituted pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives
possess excellent DPP-IV inhibitory potential and can be better optimized further by generating
more in vivo, in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana A. Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
| | - Shailaja B. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
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Kumar S, Mittal A, Mittal A. A review upon medicinal perspective and designing rationale of DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116354. [PMID: 34428715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the highly prevalence disorder and increasing day by day worldwidely. T2DM is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by deficiency in insulin or resistance to insulin and thus increases the glucose levels in the blood. Various approaches are there to treat diabetes but still there is no cure for this disease. DPP-4 inhibitor is a privileged target in the field of drug discovery and provides various opportunities in exploring this target for development of molecules as antidiabetic agents. DPP-4 acts by inhibiting the incretin action and thus decreases the level of blood glucose by imparting minimal side effects. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin etc. are the different DPP-4 based drugs approved throughout the world for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects. In the past few years, researchers had applied various approaches to synthesize potent DPP-4 inhibitors as antidiabetic agent without side effects like weight gain, cardiovascular risks, retinopathy etc. This review will also emphasize the recent strategies and rationale utilized by researchers for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review also reveals about the various other approaches like molecular modelling, ligand based drug designing, high throughput screening etc. are used by the various research group for the development of potential DPP-4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana 142021, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
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6
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Shah BM, Modi P, Trivedi P. Recent Medicinal Chemistry Approach for the Development of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3595-3621. [PMID: 33045957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201012153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, a metabolic disease, occurs due to a decreased or no effect of insulin on the blood glucose level. The current oral medications stimulate insulin release, increase glucose absorption and its utilization, and decrease hepatic glucose output. Two major incretin hormones like Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagonlike peptide - 1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin release after a meal, but their action is inhibited by enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase- IV. OBJECTIVE The activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP prolongs and extends with DPP IV inhibitors, which are responsible for the stimulation of insulin secretion and regulation of blood glucose level. DPP IV inhibitors have shown effectiveness and endurability with a neutral effect on weight as well as less chances of hypoglycemia in the management of type 2 diabetes. These journeys started from Sitagliptin (marketed in 2006) to Evogliptin (marketed in 2015, Korea). CONCLUSION Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes, oral medications, and insulin. Newer and superior therapies are needed more than currently prescribed drugs. Various heterocyclic derivatives have been tried, but due to masking of DASH proteins, CYP enzymes, and hERG channel, they showed side effects. Based on these, the study has been focused on the development of safe, influential, selective, and long-lasting inhibitors of DPP IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
| | - Palmi Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, L.J. Institutes of Pharmacy, Sarkhej, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382210, India
| | - Priti Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.B. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382023, India
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7
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Skolia E, Apostolopoulou MK, Nikitas NF, Kokotos CG. Photochemical Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from Diamines and Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elpida Skolia
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Mary K. Apostolopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Nikolaos F. Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Christoforos G. Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15771 Athens Greece
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8
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Ertl P, Altmann E, McKenna JM. The Most Common Functional Groups in Bioactive Molecules and How Their Popularity Has Evolved over Time. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8408-8418. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ertl
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Eva Altmann
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey M. McKenna
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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9
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Activated Carbon Supported Hafnium(IV) Chloride as an Efficient, Recyclable, and Facile Removable Catalyst for Expeditious Parallel Synthesis of Benzimidazoles. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient method for parallel synthesis of a diversity of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles from N-substituted phenylenediamines and aldehydes has been developed by using 10 mol% HfCl4 on activated carbon (HfCl4/C) as the catalyst. The newly reported HfCl4/C catalyst not only mediated fast and clean formation of benzimidazoles but also could be easily removed from the reaction solution and reused up to eight times. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermal desorption studies showed that activated carbon could reversibly adsorb and release Hf(IV) in ethanol upon cooling and heating, thereby serving as a thermal-controlled solid support.
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10
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Tomovic K, Ilic BS, Smelcerovic Z, Miljkovic M, Yancheva D, Kojic M, Mavrova AT, Kocic G, Smelcerovic A. Benzimidazole-based dual dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 315:108873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Emami L, Faghih Z, Sakhteman A, Rezaei Z, Faghih Z, Salehi F, Khabnadideh S. Design, synthesis, molecular simulation, and biological activities of novel quinazolinone-pyrimidine hybrid derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Twelve novel quinazolinone–pyrimidine hybrids were synthesized, of which some of them showed dual functions as DPP-4 inhibitors and anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Faghih
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research
- Medical School
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sakhteman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Zeinab Faghih
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Farnaz Salehi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
- Shiraz
- Iran
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12
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Pantaleão SQ, Philot EA, de Oliveira Almeida M, Lima AN, de Sairre MI, Scott AL, Honorio KM. Integrated Protocol to Design Potential Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 (DPP-4). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 20:209-226. [PMID: 31878857 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191226101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus is the inhibition of the enzyme known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). AIMS This study aims to investigate the main interactions between DPP-4 and a set of inhibitors, as well as proposing potential candidates to inhibit this enzyme. METHODS We performed molecular docking studies followed by the construction and validation of CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The information provided from these models was used to aid in the search for new candidates to inhibit DPP-4 and the design of new bioactive ligands from structural modifications in the most active molecule of the studied series. RESULTS We were able to propose a set of analogues with biological activity predicted by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, suggesting that our protocol can be used to guide the design of new DPP-4 inhibitors as drug candidates to treat diabetes. CONCLUSION Once the integration of the techniques mentioned in this article was effective, our strategy can be applied to design possible new DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angelica Nakagawa Lima
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Inês de Sairre
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Syam YM, El-Karim SSA, Nasr T, Elseginy SA, Anwar MM, Kamel MM, Ali HF. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spiro Cyclohexane-1,2- Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:250-269. [PMID: 28847268 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170828121018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) is currently one of the most valuable and potential chemotherapeutic regimes for the medication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). METHOD Based on linagliptin, this study discusses the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of spiro cyclohexane-1,2'-quinazoline scaffold hybridized with various heterocyclic ring systems through different atomic spacers as a highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors. DPP-4 enzyme assay represented that most of the target compounds are 102-103 folds more active than the reference drug linagliptin (IC50: 0.0005-0.0089 nM vs 0.77 nM; respectively). Moreover, in vivo oral hypoglycemic activity assay revealed that most of the tested candidates were more potent than the reference drug, sitagliptin, producing rapid onset with long duration of activity that extends to 24 h. Interestingly, the derivatives 11, 16, 18a and 23 showed evidence of mild cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibition (IC50; > 210 µM) and their acute toxicity (LD50) was more than 1.9 gm/kg. Molecular simulation study of the new quinazoline derivatives explained the obtained biological results. CONCLUSION Finally, we conclude that our target compounds could be highly beneficial for diabetic patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M Syam
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Somaia S Abd El-Karim
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Tamer Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Elseginy
- Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal M Anwar
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohsen M Kamel
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Ali
- Therapeutical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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14
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Abstract
In classical medicinal chemistry, nitrile groups were commonly considered as bioisosteres of carbonyl, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, as well as halogen atoms. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding about the structural and energetic characteristics of nitrile groups in protein–ligand interactions. Here, we have surveyed the Protein Data Bank and ChEMBL databases with the goal of characterizing such protein–ligand interactions for nitrile-containing compounds. We discuss the versatile roles of nitrile groups in improving binding affinities, and give special attention to examples of displacing and mimicking binding-site waters by nitrile groups. We expect that this review article will further inspire medicinal chemists to exploit nitrile groups rationally in structure-based drug design.
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15
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Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Tomas-Hernández S, Cereto-Massagué A, Beltrán-Debón R, Valls C, Mulero M, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Activity and selectivity cliffs for DPP-IV inhibitors: Lessons we can learn from SAR studies and their application to virtual screening. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1874-1915. [PMID: 29660786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) has emerged over the last decade as one of the most effective treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and consequently (a) 11 DPP-IV inhibitors have been on the market since 2006 (three in 2015), and (b) 74 noncovalent complexes involving human DPP-IV and drug-like inhibitors are available at the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The present review aims to (a) explain the most important activity cliffs for DPP-IV noncovalent inhibition according to the binding site structure of DPP-IV, (b) explain the most important selectivity cliffs for DPP-IV noncovalent inhibition in comparison with other related enzymes (i.e., DPP8 and DPP9), and (c) use the information deriving from this activity/selectivity cliff analysis to suggest how virtual screening protocols might be improved to favor the early identification of potent and selective DPP-IV inhibitors in molecular databases (because they have not succeeded in identifying selective DPP-IV inhibitors with IC50 ≤ 100 nM). All these goals are achieved with the help of available homology models for DPP8 and DPP9 and an analysis of the structure-activity studies used to develop the noncovalent inhibitors that form part of some of the complexes with human DPP-IV available at the PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Ojeda-Montes
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sarah Tomas-Hernández
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain.,EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain.,EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus, Spain
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Zhu Y, Meng X, Cai Z, Hao Q, Zhou W. Synthesis of phenylpyridine derivatives and their biological evaluation toward dipeptidyl peptidase-4. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Benzimidazole-core as an antimycobacterial agent. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1254-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Zhu Y, Cai Z, Hao Q, Zhou W. Alkylation of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methylpyridine at the methylene group. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Nojima H, Kanou K, Terashi G, Takeda-Shitaka M, Inoue G, Atsuda K, Itoh C, Iguchi C, Matsubara H. Comprehensive analysis of the Co-structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and its inhibitor. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:11. [PMID: 27491540 PMCID: PMC4974693 DOI: 10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background We comprehensively analyzed X-ray cocrystal structures of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and its inhibitor to clarify whether DPP-4 alters its general or partial structure according to the inhibitor used and whether DPP-4 has a common rule for inhibitor binding. Results All the main and side chains in the inhibitor binding area were minimally altered, except for a few side chains, despite binding to inhibitors of various shapes. Some residues (Arg125, Glu205, Glu206, Tyr662 and Asn710) in the area had binding modes to fix a specific atom of inhibitor to a particular spatial position in DPP-4. We found two specific water molecules that were common to 92 DPP-4 structures. The two water molecules were close to many inhibitors, and seemed to play two roles: maintaining the orientation of the Glu205 and Glu206 side chains through a network via the water molecules, and arranging the inhibitor appropriately at the S2 subsite. Conclusions Our study based on high-quality resources may provide a necessary minimum consensus to help in the discovery of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that is commercially useful. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12900-016-0062-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Kanou
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan.,Present address: Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Genki Terashi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Mayuko Takeda-Shitaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Gaku Inoue
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Koichiro Atsuda
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chihiro Itoh
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Chie Iguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
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Abu Khalaf R, Jarekji Z, Al-Qirim T, Sabbah D, Shattat G. Pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking studies of acridines as potential DPP-IV inhibitors. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2015-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) prevents the inactivation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide–1 (GLP-1). This increases circulating levels of active GLP-1 and GIP and stimulates insulin secretion, which results in lowering of glucose levels and improvement of the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, pharmacophore modeling and docking experiments were carried out and a series of eight novel 2-ethoxy-6,9-disubstituted acridines (13, 15, and 17a–17f) have been designed and synthesized. Then, these compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit DPP-IV. Most of the synthesized compounds were proven to have anti-DPP-IV activity where compound 17b displayed the best activity of 43.8% inhibition at 30 μmol/L concentration. Results of this work might be helpful for further optimization to develop more potent DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Abu Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Z. Jarekji
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - T. Al-Qirim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - D. Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - G. Shattat
- College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Keri RS, Hiremathad A, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Benzimidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 86:19-65. [PMID: 25352112 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The properties of benzimidazole and its derivatives have been studied over more than one hundred years. Benzimidazole derivatives are useful intermediates/subunits for the development of molecules of pharmaceutical or biological interest. Substituted benzimidazole derivatives have found applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as antiulcer, anticancer agents, and anthelmintic species to name just a few. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of benzimidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic agents, anti-HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial agents, and other medicinal agents. This review will further be helpful for the researcher on the basis of substitution pattern around the nucleus with an aim to help medicinal chemists for developing an SAR on benzimidazole drugs/compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Asha Hiremathad
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
| | - Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 562112, India
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Tanwar O, Tanwar L, Shaquiquzzaman M, Alam MM, Akhter M. Structure based virtual screening of MDPI database: discovery of structurally diverse and novel DPP-IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3447-51. [PMID: 24948564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) has been emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Structure based virtual screening (SBVS) of Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI) database was performed using Glide and Gold against DPP-IV enzyme. Six promising hits were identified and tested for DPP-IV inhibition. Three compounds were found to be active at low micromolar concentration. The 3-(1-hydrazinyl-1-(phenylamino)ethyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (compound A) was found to be the most potent hit with an IC50 of 0.73 μM. These three compounds (A, B and D) were then assessed for their glucose lowering effects in glucose fed hyperglycemic female Wistar rats. The glucose lowering effects of compounds also confirms their potential as anti-diabetic agents. The present study demonstrates a successful utilization of in silico SBVS tools in identification of novel and potential DPP-IV inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Tanwar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Lalima Tanwar
- School of Biochemistry, DAVV, Khandwa Road, Indore, India
| | - Md Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility (BIF), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Xiao PF, Guo R, Huang SQ, Cui HJ, Ye S, Zhang Z. Discovery of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors based on a novel indole scaffold. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Patel BD, Ghate MD. Recent approaches to medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:574-605. [PMID: 24531198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is one of the widely explored novel targets for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently. Research has been focused on the strategy to preserve the endogenous glucagon like peptide (GLP)-1 activity by inhibiting the DPP-4 action. The DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral, well tolerated and give better glycaemic control over a longer duration of time compared to existing conventional therapies. The journey of DPP-4 inhibitors in the market started from the launch of sitagliptin in 2006 to latest drug teneligliptin in 2012. This review is mainly focusing on the recent medicinal aspects and advancements in the designing of DPP-4 inhibitors with the therapeutic potential of DPP-4 as a target to convey more clarity in the diffused data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India.
| | - Manjunath D Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
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Sharma MC. WITHDRAWN: Molecular modeling and pharmacophore approach substituted benzimidazole derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Crystallography is a major tool for structure-driven drug design, as it allows knowledge of the 3D structure of protein targets and protein-ligand complexes. However, the route for crystal structure determination involves many steps, some of which may hamper its high-throughput use. Recent efforts have produced significant advances in experimental and computational tools and protocols. They include automatic crystallization tools, faster data collection devices, more efficient phasing methods and improved ligand-fitting procedures. The timescales of drug-discovery processes have been also reduced by using a fragment-based screening approach. Herein, the achievements in protein crystallography over the last 5 years are reviewed, and advantages and disadvantages of the fragment-based approaches to drug discovery that make use of x-ray crystallography as a primary screening method are examined. In particular, in some detail, five recent case studies pertaining to the development of new hits or leads in relevant therapeutic areas, such as cancer, immune response, inflammation, metabolic syndrome and neurology are described.
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Lam B, Zhang Z, Stafford JA, Skene RJ, Shi L, Gwaltney SL. Structure-based design of pyridopyrimidinediones as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6628-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sharma M, Gupta M, Singh D, Kumar M, Kaur P. Synthesis, Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Thiazolopyrimidine Derivatives as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:918-28. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Guasch L, Ojeda MJ, González-Abuín N, Sala E, Cereto-Massagué A, Mulero M, Valls C, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Garcia-Vallvé S, Pujadas G. Identification of novel human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors of natural origin (part I): virtual screening and activity assays. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44971. [PMID: 22984596 PMCID: PMC3440348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been great interest in determining whether natural products show biological activity toward protein targets of pharmacological relevance. One target of particular interest is DPP-IV whose most important substrates are incretins that, among other beneficial effects, stimulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion. Incretins have very short half-lives because of their rapid degradation by DPP-IV and, therefore, inhibiting this enzyme improves glucose homeostasis. As a result, DPP-IV inhibitors are of considerable interest to the pharmaceutical industry. The main goals of this study were (a) to develop a virtual screening process to identify potential DPP-IV inhibitors of natural origin; (b) to evaluate the reliability of our virtual-screening protocol by experimentally testing the in vitro activity of selected natural-product hits; and (c) to use the most active hit for predicting derivatives with higher binding affinities for the DPP-IV binding site. Methodology/Principal Findings We predicted that 446 out of the 89,165 molecules present in the natural products subset of the ZINC database would inhibit DPP-IV with good ADMET properties. Notably, when these 446 molecules were merged with 2,342 known DPP-IV inhibitors and the resulting set was classified into 50 clusters according to chemical similarity, there were 12 clusters that contained only natural products for which no DPP-IV inhibitory activity has been previously reported. Nine molecules from 7 of these 12 clusters were then selected for in vitro activity testing and 7 out of the 9 molecules were shown to inhibit DPP-IV (where the remaining two molecules could not be solubilized, preventing the evaluation of their DPP-IV inhibitory activity). Then, the hit with the highest activity was used as a lead compound in the prediction of more potent derivatives. Conclusions/Significance We have demonstrated that our virtual-screening protocol was successful in identifying novel lead compounds for developing more potent DPP-IV inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guasch
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria José Ojeda
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Noemí González-Abuín
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Sala
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Ardévol
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, TECNIO, Campus of International excellence southern catalonia, Avinguda Universitat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut, TECNIO, Campus of International excellence southern catalonia, Avinguda Universitat, Catalonia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Micron-particulate crystalline hexagonal aluminium nitride: a novel, efficient and versatile heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alkorta I, Elguero J, Roussel C, Vanthuyne N, Piras P. Atropisomerism and Axial Chirality in Heteroaromatic Compounds. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396530-1.00001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA methods to investigate binding mechanisms of aminomethylpyrimidine inhibitors with DPP-IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6630-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Discovery of β-aminoacyl containing thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1366-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Murray CW, Blundell TL. Structural biology in fragment-based drug design. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:497-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kumar JA, Tiwari AK, Ali AZ, Madhusudhana K, Reddy BS, Ramakrishna S, China Raju B. New antihyperglycemic, α-glucosidase inhibitory, and cytotoxic derivatives of benzimidazoles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2009; 25:80-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903017122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaladi Ashok Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Amtul Zehra Ali
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kuncha Madhusudhana
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Sistala Ramakrishna
- Pharmacology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bhimapaka China Raju
- Organic Chemistry Division-I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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Schou SC. Fast and efficient synthesis of14C labelled benzonitriles and their corresponding acids. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wells–Dawson Heteropolyacid: An Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles Under Microwave Condition. Catal Letters 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-009-9966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Havale SH, Pal M. Medicinal chemistry approaches to the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:1783-802. [PMID: 19217790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ahn JH, Park WS, Jun MA, Shin MS, Kang SK, Kim KY, Rhee SD, Bae MA, Kim KR, Kim SG, Kim SY, Sohn SK, Kang NS, Lee JO, Lee DH, Cheon HG, Kim SS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of homopiperazine derivatives with β-aminoacyl group as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6525-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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