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Shi J, Tan X, Feng G, Zhuo Y, Jiang Z, Banda S, Wang L, Zheng W, Chen L, Yu D, Guo C. Research advances in drug therapy of endometriosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1199010. [PMID: 37416064 PMCID: PMC10320007 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1199010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common benign gynecological disorders in reproductive-aged women. The major symptoms are chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its profound impact on women's health and quality of life, its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated, it cannot be cured and the long-term use of drugs yields severe side effects and hinders fertility. This review aims to present the advances in pathogenesis and the newly reported lead compounds and drugs managing endometriosis. This paper investigated Genetic changes, estrogen-dependent inflammation induction, progesterone resistance, imbalance in proliferation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and neurogenesis, and tissue remodeling in its pathogenesis; and explored the pharmacological mechanisms, constitutive relationships, and application prospects of each compound in the text. To date, Resveratrol, Bay1316957, and bardoxifene were effective against lesions and pain in controlled animal studies. In clinical trials, Quinagolide showed no statistical difference with the placebo group; the results of phase II clinical trial of the IL-33 antibody have not been announced yet; clinical trial stage III of vilaprisan was suspended due to drug toxicity. Elagolix was approved for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain, but clinical studies of Elagolix for the pretreatment of patients with endometriosis to before In vitro fertilization treatment have not been fulfilled. The results of a clinical study of Linzagolix in patients with moderate to severe endometriosis-related pain have not been disclosed yet. Letrozole improved the fertility of patients with mild endometriosis. For endometriosis patients with infertility, oral GnRH antagonists and aromatase inhibitors are promising drugs, especially Elagolix and Letrozole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guimei Feng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Zhuo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Srikanth Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemisty, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Farris M, Bastianelli C, Rosato E, Brosens I, Benagiano G. Uterine fibroids: an update on current and emerging medical treatment options. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019; 15:157-178. [PMID: 30774352 PMCID: PMC6350833 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s147318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecological disorder, classically requiring surgery when symptomatic. Although attempts at finding a nonsurgical cure date back to centuries, it is only around the middle of the last century that serious attempts at a medical treatment were carried out. Initially, both progestins and estrogen–progestin combinations have been utilized, although proof of their usefulness is lacking. A major step forward was achieved when peptide analogs of the GnRH were introduced, first those with superagonist properties and subsequently those acting as antagonists. Initially, the latter produced side effects preventing their routine utilization; eventually, this problem was overcome following the synthesis of cetrorelix. Because both types of analogs produce hypoestrogenism, their use is limited to a maximum of 6 months and, for this reason, today they are utilized as an adjuvant treatment before surgery with overall good results. Over the last decade, new, nonpeptidic, orally active GnRH-receptor blockers have also been synthesized. One of them, Elagolix, is in the early stages of testing in women with fibroids. Another fundamental development has been the utilization of the so-called selective progesterone receptor modulators, sometimes referred to as “antiprogestins”. The first such compound to be applied to the long-term treatment of fibroids was Mifepristone; today, this compound is mostly used outside of Western Countries, where the substance of choice is Ulipristal acetate. Large clinical trials have proven the effectiveness of Ulipristal in the long-term medical therapy of fibroids, although some caution must be exercised because of the rare occurrence of liver complications. All selective progesterone receptor modulators produce unique endometrial changes that are today considered benign, reversible, and without negative consequences. In conclusion, long-term medical treatment of fibroids seems possible today, especially in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Farris
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy, .,The Italian Association for Demographic Education, Rome, Italy,
| | - Carlo Bastianelli
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Elena Rosato
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
| | - Ivo Brosens
- Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Benagiano
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy,
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Tukun FL, Olberg DE, Riss PJ, Haraldsen I, Kaass A, Klaveness J. Recent Development of Non-Peptide GnRH Antagonists. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122188. [PMID: 29232843 PMCID: PMC6149776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone, also referred to as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone with the sequence (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) plays an important role in regulating the reproductive system. It stimulates differential release of the gonadotropins FSH and LH from pituitary tissue. To date, treatment of hormone-dependent diseases targeting the GnRH receptor, including peptide GnRH agonist and antagonists are now available on the market. The inherited issues associate with peptide agonists and antagonists have however, led to significant interest in developing orally active, small molecule, non-peptide antagonists. In this review, we will summarize all developed small molecule GnRH antagonists along with the most recent clinical data and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dag Erlend Olberg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Patrick J Riss
- Norsk Medisinsk Syklotronsenter AS, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
- Realomics SFI, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of neuropsychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ira Haraldsen
- Department of neuropsychiatry and psychosomatic medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 4950 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Jo Klaveness
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Zwitterionic structures: from physicochemical properties toward computer-aided drug designs. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:2245-2262. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zwitterions, used widely in chemical, biological and medicinal fields, show distinct physicochemical properties relative to ordinary ampholytes, which largely decide their bioavailability and biological activities. In the present manuscript, these properties are discussed in order to facilitate our understanding of zwitterionic structures, followed by various examples of zwitterionic drugs and the critical role these properties play. We specifically focus our discussions on neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs), which are used in the treatment and prevention of influenza, covering their computer-assisted design, transformation to zwitterionic isomers and interaction mechanisms of NAIs with proteins. The discovery and development of NAIs provide useful insights that may assist in the exploration of new zwitterionic drugs.
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Kim SM, Lee M, Lee SY, Park E, Lee SM, Kim EJ, Han MY, Yoo T, Ann J, Yoon S, Lee J, Lee J. Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9150-9172. [PMID: 27608177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a compound library for orally available gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists that were based on a uracil scaffold. On the basis of in vitro activity and CYP inhibition profile, we selected 18a (SKI2496) for further in vivo studies. Compound 18a exhibited more selective antagonistic activity toward the human GnRH receptors over the GnRHRs in monkeys and rats, and this compound also showed inhibitory effects on GnRH-mediated signaling pathways. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations of 18a revealed improved bioavailability and superior gonadotropic suppression activity compared with Elagolix, the most clinically advanced compound. Considering that 18a exhibited highly potent and selective antagonistic activity toward the hGnRHRs along with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, we believe that 18a may represent a promising candidate for an orally available hormonal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Mi Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Minhee Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Euisun Park
- Life Science Research Center, Daewoong Pharmaceutical Company Ltd. , Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 449-814, Korea
| | - Soo-Min Lee
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Kim
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Min Young Han
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Taekyung Yoo
- Life Science R&D Center, SK Chemicals Company Ltd. , Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-400, Korea
| | - Jihyae Ann
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Suyoung Yoon
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University , Seoul 142-732, Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lee
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Dürüst Y, Özer B, Kariuki BM, Cariuki BM. Synthesis and crystal structure of new heterocyles derived from saccharin and uracil carrying 1,2,4-oxadiazolylmethyl group. Mol Divers 2015; 19:213-30. [PMID: 25754077 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Saccharin, uracil, and 1,2,4-oxadiazole heterocyles are important in terms of exhibiting various biological acitivities. In this work, four series of 1,2,4-oxadiazolylmethyl-substituted saccharin, and uracil derivatives are synthesized and their structures are identified by means of spectral/physical characteristics. The first series are oxadiazolylmethyl-substituted saccharins. The second one is oxadiazole-substituted uracils which are obtained as a separable mixture of both mono- and bis-substituted end products. Third series is obtained from 5-amino uracil and chloromethyl oxadiazoles. The fourth group is oxadiazolyl methyl-substituted imino uracils. The structures of some title compounds are also confirmed by X-ray diffraction data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaşar Dürüst
- Department of Chemistry, Abant İzzet Baysal University, 14280, Bolu, Turkey,
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Lussier T, Hervé G, Enderlin G, Len C. Original access to 5-aryluracils from 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine via a microwave assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling/deglycosylation sequence in pure water. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04814h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and efficient methodology to obtain various 5-aryluracil derivatives was developed through a two steps sequence: a ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction starting from totally deprotected 5-iodo-(2′-deoxy)uridine followed by a very simple deglycosylation procedure in pure water with assistance of microwave irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Lussier
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - G. Hervé
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - G. Enderlin
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
| | - C. Len
- Transformation Intégrée de la Matière renouvelable
- UTC-ESCOM
- Centre de Recherche de Royallieu
- , France
- Department of Chemistry
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Palladium-catalyzed direct 5-arylation of 1,3-dimethyluracil with aryl bromides: an electrophilic metalation–deprotonation with electrophilic arylpalladium intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Miwa K, Hitaka T, Imada T, Sasaki S, Yoshimatsu M, Kusaka M, Tanaka A, Nakata D, Furuya S, Endo S, Hamamura K, Kitazaki T. Discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (TAK-385) as a potent, orally active, non-peptide antagonist of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4998-5012. [PMID: 21657270 DOI: 10.1021/jm200216q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously discovered an orally active human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivative 1 (sufugolix). To reduce the cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitory activity and improve in vivo GnRH antagonistic activity, further optimization of this scaffold was carried out. We focused our synthetic efforts on chemical modification at the 5 and 3 positions of the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione ring based on computational modeling, which resulted in the discovery of 1-{4-[1-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)-5-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-3-(6-methoxypyridazin-3-yl)-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl]phenyl}-3-methoxyurea (16b) as a highly potent and orally active GnRH antagonist. Compound 16b showed potent in vitro GnRH antagonistic activity in the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) without CYP inhibition. Oral administration of 16b maintained the suppressive effect of the plasma luteinizing hormone levels in castrated cynomolgus monkeys at a 3 mg/kg dose for more than 24 h. Compound 16b is currently under clinical development with the code name of TAK-385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Miwa
- CMC Center, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., 17-85, Jusohonmachi 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
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10
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Aspiotis R, Chen A, Cauchon E, Dubé D, Falgueyret JP, Gagné S, Gallant M, Grimm EL, Houle R, Juteau H, Lacombe P, Laliberté S, Lévesque JF, MacDonald D, McKay D, Percival MD, Roy P, Soisson SM, Wu T. The discovery and synthesis of potent zwitterionic inhibitors of renin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2430-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chen C, Wu D, Guo Z, Xie Q, Reinhart GJ, Madan A, Wen J, Chen T, Huang CQ, Chen M, Chen Y, Tucci FC, Rowbottom M, Pontillo J, Zhu YF, Wade W, Saunders J, Bozigian H, Struthers RS. Discovery of Sodium R-(+)-4-{2-[5-(2-Fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-fluoro-6-[trifluoromethyl]benzyl)-4-methyl-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-phenylethylamino}butyrate (Elagolix), a Potent and Orally Available Nonpeptide Antagonist of the Human Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7478-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Dongpei Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Qiu Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Greg J. Reinhart
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Ajay Madan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Jenny Wen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Takung Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Charles Q. Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Mi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Fabio C. Tucci
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Martin Rowbottom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Joseph Pontillo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Yun-Fei Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Warren Wade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - John Saunders
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - Haig Bozigian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
| | - R. Scott Struthers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Endocrinology, and Department of Preclinical Development, Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130
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Regan CF, Guo Z, Chen Y, Huang CQ, Chen M, Jiang W, Rueter JK, Coon T, Chen C, Saunders J, Brown MS, Betz SF, Struthers RS, Yang C, Wen J, Madan A, Zhu YF. Zwitterionic uracil derivatives as potent GnRH receptor antagonists with improved pharmaceutical properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4503-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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