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The Association between Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance with Possible Ingenious Bio-Remedial Approaches. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070930. [PMID: 35884186 PMCID: PMC9312340 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm has garnered a lot of interest due to concerns in various sectors such as public health, medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry. Biofilm-producing bacteria show a remarkable drug resistance capability, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This results in enormous economic pressure on the healthcare sector. The development of biofilms is a complex phenomenon governed by multiple factors. Several attempts have been made to unravel the events of biofilm formation; and, such efforts have provided insights into the mechanisms to target for the therapy. Owing to the fact that the biofilm-state makes the bacterial pathogens significantly resistant to antibiotics, targeting pathogens within biofilm is indeed a lucrative prospect. The available drugs can be repurposed to eradicate the pathogen, and as a result, ease the antimicrobial treatment burden. Biofilm formers and their infections have also been found in plants, livestock, and humans. The advent of novel strategies such as bioinformatics tools in treating, as well as preventing, biofilm formation has gained a great deal of attention. Development of newfangled anti-biofilm agents, such as silver nanoparticles, may be accomplished through omics approaches such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. Nanoparticles’ anti-biofilm properties could help to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This approach may also be integrated for a better understanding of biofilm biology, guided by mechanistic understanding, virtual screening, and machine learning in silico techniques for discovering small molecules in order to inhibit key biofilm regulators. This stimulated research is a rapidly growing field for applicable control measures to prevent biofilm formation. Therefore, the current article discusses the current understanding of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance mechanisms in bacterial biofilm, and the novel therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-mediated infections.
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Algohary AM, Hassan MM, El-Hashash MA, Rizk SA, Elamin MB, Ahmed AH. Novel colorimetric chemosensors containing pyridine moiety for detection of some cations in water and crops samples: Design, synthesis, and evaluation. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Keshk RM, Garavelli M, El–Tahawy MM. Synthesis, physicochemical and vibrational spectral properties of 2–pyridone and 2–aminopyridine derivatives: An experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Abumelha HM. Synthesis and antioxidant assay of new nicotinonitrile analogues clubbed thiazole, pyrazole and/or pyridine ring systems. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana M.A. Abumelha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencePrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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5
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Gao F, Xiao J, Huang G. Current scenario of tetrazole hybrids for antibacterial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Qvortrup K, Hultqvist LD, Nilsson M, Jakobsen TH, Jansen CU, Uhd J, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Small Molecule Anti-biofilm Agents Developed on the Basis of Mechanistic Understanding of Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2019; 7:742. [PMID: 31737611 PMCID: PMC6838868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with their free living counterparts, bacteria in biofilms display a highly increased resistance to immune system activities and antibiotic treatment. Therefore, biofilm infections are difficult or impossible to treat with our current armory of antibiotics. The challenges associated with biofilm infections have urged researchers to pursue a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the formation and dispersal of biofilms, and this has led to the identification of several steps that could be targeted in order to eradicate these challenging infections. Here we describe mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and provide examples of chemical compounds that have been developed to specifically inhibit these processes. These compounds include (i) pilicides and curlicides which inhibit the initial steps of biofilm formation by E. coli; (ii) compounds that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling in P. aeruginosa and E. coli; and (iii) compounds that inhibit quorum-sensing in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. In cases where compound series have a defined molecular target, we focus on elucidating structure activity relationship (SAR) trends within the particular compound series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Singh P, Cairns AG, Adolfsson DE, Ådén J, Sauer UH, Almqvist F. Synthesis of Densely Functionalized N-Alkenyl 2-Pyridones via Benzyne-Induced Ring Opening of Thiazolino-Fused 2-Pyridones. Org Lett 2019; 21:6946-6950. [PMID: 31419146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of 6-arylthio-substituted-N-alkenyl 2-pyridones by ring opening of bicyclic thiazolino-2-pyridones with arynes. Varied functionalization was used to investigate scope and substituent influences on reactivity. Selected conditions favor thioether ring opening over [4 + 2] cycloaddition and an unusual aryne incorporating ring expansion. Deuterium labeling was used to clarify observed reactivity. Using the knowledge, we produced drug-like molecules with complex substitution patterns and show how thioether ring opening can be used on scaffolds with competing reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrew G Cairns
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dan E Adolfsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Ådén
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Uwe H Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Microwave assisted one-pot pseudo four-component synthesis of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridines using γ-MnO2 nanoparticles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Abstract
In a screen for compounds that inhibit infectivity of the obligate intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis, we identified the 2-pyridone amide KSK120. A fluorescent KSK120 analogue was synthesized and observed to be associated with the C. trachomatis surface, suggesting that its target is bacterial. We isolated KSK120-resistant strains and determined that several resistance mutations are in genes that affect the uptake and use of glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P). Consistent with an effect on G-6P metabolism, treatment with KSK120 blocked glycogen accumulation. Interestingly, KSK120 did not affect Escherichia coli or the host cell. Thus, 2-pyridone amides may represent a class of drugs that can specifically inhibit C. trachomatis infection. Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial pathogen of humans that causes a common sexually transmitted disease as well as eye infections. It grows only inside cells of its host organism, within a parasitophorous vacuole termed the inclusion. Little is known, however, about what bacterial components and processes are important for C. trachomatis cellular infectivity. Here, by using a visual screen for compounds that affect bacterial distribution within the chlamydial inclusion, we identified the inhibitor KSK120. As hypothesized, the altered bacterial distribution induced by KSK120 correlated with a block in C. trachomatis infectivity. Our data suggest that the compound targets the glucose-6-phosphate (G-6P) metabolism pathway of C. trachomatis, supporting previous indications that G-6P metabolism is critical for C. trachomatis infectivity. Thus, KSK120 may be a useful tool to study chlamydial glucose metabolism and has the potential to be used in the treatment of C. trachomatis infections.
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Janikowska K, Rachoń J, Makowiec S. Acyl Meldrum's acid derivatives: application in organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2014v083n07abeh004441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Alkaloids: an overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:377-86. [PMID: 25130096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
With reports of pandrug-resistant bacteria causing untreatable infections, the need for new antibacterial therapies is more pressing than ever. Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of compounds that have served as scaffolds for important antibacterial drugs such as metronidazole and the quinolones. In this review, we highlight other alkaloids with development potential. Natural, semisynthetic and synthetic alkaloids of all classes are considered, looking first at those with direct antibacterial activity and those with antibiotic-enhancing activity. Potent examples include CJ-13,136, a novel actinomycete-derived quinolone alkaloid with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.1 ng/mL against Helicobacter pylori, and squalamine, a polyamine alkaloid from the dogfish shark that renders Gram-negative pathogens 16- to >32-fold more susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Where available, information on toxicity, structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action and in vivo activity is presented. The effects of alkaloids on virulence gene regulatory systems such as quorum sensing and virulence factors such as sortases, adhesins and secretion systems are also described. The synthetic isoquinoline alkaloid virstatin, for example, inhibits the transcriptional regulator ToxT in Vibrio cholerae, preventing expression of cholera toxin and fimbriae and conferring in vivo protection against intestinal colonisation. The review concludes with implications and limitations of the described research and directions for future research.
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Shamroukh AH, El-Shahat M, Drabowicz J, Ali MM, Rashad AE, Ali HS. Anticancer evaluation of some newly synthesized N-nicotinonitrile derivative. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 69:521-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Piatek R, Zalewska-Piatek B, Dzierzbicka K, Makowiec S, Pilipczuk J, Szemiako K, Cyranka-Czaja A, Wojciechowski M. Pilicides inhibit the FGL chaperone/usher assisted biogenesis of the Dr fimbrial polyadhesin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:131. [PMID: 23758700 PMCID: PMC3706281 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global spread of bacterial resistance has given rise to a growing interest in new anti-bacterial agents with a new strategy of action. Pilicides are derivatives of ring-fused 2-pyridones which block the formation of the pili/fimbriae crucial to bacterial pathogenesis. They impair by means of a chaperone-usher pathway conserved in the Gram-negative bacteria of adhesive structures biogenesis. Pili/fimbriae of this type belong to two subfamilies, FGS and FGL, which differ in the details of their assembly mechanism. The data published to date have shown that pilicides inhibit biogenesis of type 1 and P pili of the FGS type which are encoded by uropathogenic E. coli strains. RESULTS We evaluated the anti-bacterial activity of literature pilicides as blockers of the assembly of a model example of FGL-type adhesive structures--the Dr fimbriae encoded by a dra gene cluster of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. In comparison to the strain grown without pilicide, the Dr⁺ bacteria cultivated in the presence of the 3.5 mM concentration of pilicides resulted in a reduction of 75 to 87% in the adherence properties to CHO cells expressing Dr fimbrial DAF receptor protein. Using quantitative assays, we determined the amount of Dr fimbriae in the bacteria cultivated in the presence of 3.5 mM of pilicides to be reduced by 75 to 81%. The inhibition effect of pilicides is concentration dependent, which is a crucial property for their use as potential anti-bacterial agents. The data presented in this article indicate that pilicides in mM concentration effectively inhibit the adherence of Dr⁺ bacteria to the host cells--the crucial, initial step in bacterial pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Structural analysis of the DraB chaperone clearly showed it to be a model of the FGL subfamily of chaperones. This permits us to conclude that analyzed pilicides in mM concentration are effective inhibitors of the assembly of adhesins belonging to the Dr family, and more speculatively, of other FGL-type adhesive organelles. The presented data and those published so far permit to speculate that based on the conservation of chaperone-usher pathway in Gram-negative bacteria , the pilicides are potential anti-bacterial agents with activity against numerous pathogens, the virulence of which is dependent on the adhesive structures of the chaperone-usher type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Piatek
- Department of Microbiology, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
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El-Essawy FA, El-Sayed WA, El-Etrawy AS, El-Bayaa MN. Synthesis of New Isolated and Fused Tri- and Tetracyclic Pyridine Derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Kostakioti M, Hadjifrangiskou M, Hultgren SJ. Bacterial biofilms: development, dispersal, and therapeutic strategies in the dawn of the postantibiotic era. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 3:a010306. [PMID: 23545571 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a010306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation constitutes an alternative lifestyle in which microorganisms adopt a multicellular behavior that facilitates and/or prolongs survival in diverse environmental niches. Biofilms form on biotic and abiotic surfaces both in the environment and in the healthcare setting. In hospital wards, the formation of biofilms on vents and medical equipment enables pathogens to persist as reservoirs that can readily spread to patients. Inside the host, biofilms allow pathogens to subvert innate immune defenses and are thus associated with long-term persistence. Here we provide a general review of the steps leading to biofilm formation on surfaces and within eukaryotic cells, highlighting several medically important pathogens, and discuss recent advances on novel strategies aimed at biofilm prevention and/or dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kostakioti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
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Rashad AE, Shamroukh AH, El-Hashash MA, El-Farargy AF, Yousif NM, Salama MA, Mostafa A, El-Shahat M. Synthesis and Anti-Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Evaluation of Some Novel Nicotinonitriles and TheirN-Acylic Nucleosides. J Heterocycl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maher A. El-Hashash
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams Univerisity; Cairo; Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. El-Farargy
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science; Zagazig Univerisity; Zagazig; Egypt
| | - Nabil M. Yousif
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Center; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
| | - Mowafia A. Salama
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Center; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Virology Laboratory; Water Pollution Department, National Research Center; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Shahat
- Photochemistry Department; National Research Center; Dokki; Cairo; Egypt
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of triazole functionalized ring-fused 2-pyridones as antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:637-46. [PMID: 22749393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial resistance is today a worldwide problem and the demand for new classes of antibacterial agents with new mode of action is enormous. In the strive for new antibacterial agents that inhibit pilus assembly, an important virulence factor, routes to introduce triazoles in position 8 and 2 of ring-fused bicyclic 2-pyridones have been developed. This was made via Sonogashira couplings followed by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The method development made it possible to introduce a diverse series of substituted triazoles and their antibacterial properties were tested in a whole cell pili-dependent biofilm assay. Most of the twenty four candidates tested showed low to no activity but interestingly three compounds, one 8-substituted and two 2-substituted, showed promising activities with EC(50)'s between 9 and 50 μM.
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Chorell E, Pinkner JS, Bengtsson C, Banchelin TSL, Edvinsson S, Linusson A, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F. Mapping pilicide anti-virulence effect in Escherichia coli, a comprehensive structure-activity study. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3128-42. [PMID: 22464688 PMCID: PMC3753005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pilicides prevent pili formation and thereby the development of bacterial biofilms in Escherichia coli. We have performed a comprehensive structure activity relationship (SAR) study of the dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone pilicide central fragment by varying all open positions. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to distinguish active from inactive compounds in which polarity proved to be the most important factor for discrimination. A quantitative SAR (QSAR) partial least squares (PLS) model was calculated on the active compounds for prediction of biofilm inhibition activity. In this model, compounds with high inhibitory activity were generally larger, more lipophilic, more flexible and had a lower HOMO. Overall, this resulted in both highly valuable SAR information and potent inhibitors of type 1 pili dependent biofilm formation. The most potent biofilm inhibitor had an EC(50) of 400 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Thomas Sainte-Luce Banchelin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Edvinsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Linusson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fredrik Almqvist
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Noroozi Pesyan N. Isotopic effect on tautomeric behavior of 5-(2,6-disubstituted-aryloxy)-tetrazoles. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:592-599. [PMID: 21818780 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Isotopic effect on tautomeric behaviors of the synthesized 5-phenoxy- (1a), 5-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-(1b), 5-(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)-(1c), 5-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)-(1d) and 5-(4-methylphenoxy)-tetrazole (1e) were investigated in DMSO-d6 by adding one drop of D2O. Among 1a-e, 1a, 1d and 1e show small rotational barrier around C5-O1 and O1-C6 while in 1b and 1c there are distinguishable rotational barrier about that bonds. The (1)H NMR spectra of 1b and 1c show slightly different chemical shifts for two methyl and isopropyl groups on those phenyl ring, respectively, while the chemical shifts difference (Δδ) between two methyl and two isopropyl groups were enhanced by adding D2O. The (13)C NMR spectra of 1b show two overlapped singlets for methyl groups after adding D2O. Representatively, the calculations of compound 1c were performed with GAUSSIAN-03 and the rotational barrier about C5-O1 and between isopropyl group and phenyl ring in 1c was calculated with B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Noroozi Pesyan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, 57159, Urmia, Iran. ,
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21
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Chorell E, Pinkner JS, Phan G, Edvinsson S, Buelens F, Remaut H, Waksman G, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F. Design and synthesis of C-2 substituted thiazolo and dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridones: pilicides with increased antivirulence activity. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5690-5. [PMID: 20586493 DOI: 10.1021/jm100470t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pilicides block pili formation by binding to pilus chaperones and blocking their function in the chaperone/usher pathway in E. coli. Various C-2 substituents were introduced on the pilicide scaffold by design and synthetic method developments. Experimental evaluation showed that proper substitution of this position affected the biological activity of the compound. Aryl substituents resulted in pilicides with significantly increased potencies as measured in pili-dependent biofilm and hemagglutination assays. The structural basis of the PapD chaperone-pilicide interactions was determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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22
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Productive steps toward an antimicrobial targeting virulence. Curr Opin Microbiol 2009; 12:490-6. [PMID: 19631578 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Targeting virulence factors has gained increasing attention as a potential approach to new antibiotics. Small molecule inhibitors of virulence have been shown to change the course of disease in whole organism infection models. Recently, key advances in the field include the identification of novel targets within cell signaling pathways, a new class of anti-virulence compounds that target bacterial defenses against host immunity, and a growing body of in vivo data to support the general approach of anti-virulence therapies. Additionally, there has been a distinct trend toward developing broader spectrum anti-virulence compounds, in particular agents with activity against diverse Gram-negative organisms. Herein we provide an update on the status of the field with a focus on recent advancements.
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Lipson VV, Gorobets NY. One hundred years of Meldrum’s acid: advances in the synthesis of pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives. Mol Divers 2009; 13:399-419. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-009-9136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pemberton N, Pinkner JS, Edvinsson S, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F. Synthesis and evaluation of dihydroimidazolo and dihydrooxazolo ring-fused 2-pyridones—targeting pilus biogenesis in uropathogenic bacteria. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
An efficient method to synthesize a novel rigid tricyclic peptidomimetic scaffold through ring-closure of amino-functionalized bicyclic 2-pyridones has been discovered. The scaffold can function as a peptide backbone mimetic (highlighted) with two substituents independently variable to fine-tune biological response. Halogenation of the pyrazolo ring followed by Suzuki couplings made it possible to introduce substituents with variable electronic properties late in the synthetic route, which is preferable in library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sellstedt
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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