1
|
Qvortrup K, Hultqvist LD, Nilsson M, Jakobsen TH, Jansen CU, Uhd J, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Small Molecule Anti-biofilm Agents Developed on the Basis of Mechanistic Understanding of Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2019; 7:742. [PMID: 31737611 PMCID: PMC6838868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with their free living counterparts, bacteria in biofilms display a highly increased resistance to immune system activities and antibiotic treatment. Therefore, biofilm infections are difficult or impossible to treat with our current armory of antibiotics. The challenges associated with biofilm infections have urged researchers to pursue a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the formation and dispersal of biofilms, and this has led to the identification of several steps that could be targeted in order to eradicate these challenging infections. Here we describe mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and provide examples of chemical compounds that have been developed to specifically inhibit these processes. These compounds include (i) pilicides and curlicides which inhibit the initial steps of biofilm formation by E. coli; (ii) compounds that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling in P. aeruginosa and E. coli; and (iii) compounds that inhibit quorum-sensing in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. In cases where compound series have a defined molecular target, we focus on elucidating structure activity relationship (SAR) trends within the particular compound series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bernal-Mercado AT, Vazquez-Armenta FJ, Tapia-Rodriguez MR, Islas-Osuna MA, Mata-Haro V, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA, Lopez-Zavala AA, Ayala-Zavala JF. Comparison of Single and Combined Use of Catechin, Protocatechuic, and Vanillic Acids as Antioxidant and Antibacterial Agents against Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli at Planktonic and Biofilm Levels. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112813. [PMID: 30380712 PMCID: PMC6278301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of combining catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids against planktonic growing, adhesion, and biofilm eradication of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), as well as antioxidant agents. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of protocatechuic, vanillic acids and catechin against the growth of planktonic bacteria were 12.98, 11.80, and 13.78 mM, respectively. Mixing 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin resulted in a synergistic effect acting as an MIC. Similarly, the minimum concentrations of phenolic compounds to prevent UPEC adhesion and biofilm formation (MBIC) were 11.03 and 7.13 mM of protocatechuic and vanillic acids, respectively, whereas no MBIC of catechin was found. However, combinations of 1.62 mM protocatechuic acid + 0.74 mM vanillic acid + 0.05 mM catechin showed a synergistic effect acting as MBIC. On the other hand, the minimum concentrations to eradicate biofilms (MBEC) were 25.95 and 23.78 mM, respectively. The combination of 3.20 mM protocatechuic acid, 2.97 mM vanillic acid, and 1.72 mM catechin eradicated pre-formed biofilms. The antioxidant capacity of the combination of phenolics was higher than the expected theoretical values, indicating synergism by the DPPH•, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Effective concentrations of catechin, protocatechuic, and vanillic acids were reduced from 8 to 1378 times when combined. In contrast, the antibiotic nitrofurantoin was not effective in eradicating biofilms from silicone surfaces. In conclusion, the mixture of phenolic compounds was more effective in preventing cell adhesion and eradicating pre-formed biofilms of uropathogenic E. coli than single compounds and nitrofurantoin, and showed antioxidant synergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Thalia Bernal-Mercado
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | | | - Melvin R Tapia-Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Maria A Islas-Osuna
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Veronica Mata-Haro
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A Gonzalez-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| | - Alonso A Lopez-Zavala
- Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N, Col. Centro, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
| | - Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, AC, Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, Hermosillo 83000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández-Rivero ME, Del Pozo JL, Valentín A, de Diego AM, Pemán J, Cantón E. Activity of Amphotericin B and Anidulafungin Combined with Rifampicin, Clarithromycin, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, N-Acetylcysteine, and Farnesol against Candida tropicalis Biofilms. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:jof3010016. [PMID: 29371534 PMCID: PMC5715971 DOI: 10.3390/jof3010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the activity of (1) amphotericin-B (AMB), combined with rifampicin (RIF), clarithromycin (CLA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and farnesol (FAR) (1000, 1000, 1000, 4000, and 30,000 mg/L, and 300 µM, respectively), against Candida tropicalis biofilms formed on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and (2) anidulafungin (ANF) combined with the same compounds at 8, 10, 5, 40, and 30 mg/L, and 30 µM, respectively, against biofilms formed on titanium. Biofilm growth kinetics were performed in a CDC Biofilm Reactor (CBR). PTFE or titanium disks were removed from the CBR at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h to determine the Log10CFU/cm2. Killing kinetics were performed by adding the drugs to 24-h-mature biofilms (time 0). Disks were removed after 24, 48, and 72 h of drug exposure to determine Log10CFU/cm2. Viable cells in biofilms were 4.73 and 4.29 Log10CFU/cm2 on PTFE and titanium, respectively. Maximum Log10 decreases in CFU/cm2 depend on the combination and were: 3.53 (AMB + EDTA), 2.65 (AMB + RIF), 3.07 (AMB + NAC), 2.52 (AMB + CLA), 1.49 (AMB + FAR), 2.26 (ANF + EDTA), 2.45 (ANF + RIF), 2.47 (ANF + NAC), 1.52 (ANF + CLA), and 0.44 (ANF + FAR). In conclusion, EDTA, NAC, RIF, and CLA improve the activity of AMB and ANF against biofilms developed on both surfaces, which could be an effective strategy against C. tropicalis biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ernesto Fernández-Rivero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - José L Del Pozo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Laboratorio de Biofilms Microbianos, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amparo Valentín
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Araceli Molina de Diego
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Pemán
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Cantón
- Grupo de Infección Grave, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lou Z, Tang Y, Song X, Wang H. Metabolomics-Based Screening of Biofilm-Inhibitory Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Burdock Leaf. Molecules 2015; 20:16266-77. [PMID: 26370951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of anti-biofilm compounds from the burdock leaf based on metabolomics is reported here. The crystal violet assay indicated 34% ethanol elution fraction of burdock leaf could completely inhibit biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1 mg·mL−1. Then, the chemical composition of burdock leaf fraction was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and 11 active compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, ursolic acid, rutin, cynarin, luteolin, crocin, benzoic acid, and Tenacissoside I) were identified. Lastly, UPLC-MS analysis was employed to obtain the metabolic fingerprints of burdock leaf fractions before and after inhibiting the biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The metabolic fingerprints were transformed to data, analyzed with PLS-DA (partial least squares discriminant analysis) and the peaks whose area was significantly changed were found out. Thus, 81 compounds were screened as potential anti-biofilm ingredients. Among them, rutin, ursolic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and quercetin were identified and confirmed as the main anti-biofilm compounds in burdock leaf. The study provided basic anti-biofilm profile data for the compounds in burdock leaf, as well as provided a convenient method for fast screening of anti-biofilm compounds from natural plants.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly being considered as novel agents against biofilms. The development of AMP-based anti-biofilm strategies strongly relies on the design of sequences optimized to target specific features of sessile bacterial/fungal communities. Although several AMP databases have been created and successfully exploited for AMP design, all of these use data collected on peptides tested against planktonic microorganisms. Here, an open-access, manually curated database of AMPs specifically assayed against microbial biofilms (BaAMPs) is presented for the first time. In collecting relevant data from the literature an effort was made to define a minimal standard set of essential information including, for each AMP, the microbial species and biofilm conditions against which it was tested, and the specific assay and peptide concentration used. The availability of these data in an organized framework will benefit anti-biofilm research and support the design of novel molecules active against biofilm. BaAMPs is accessible at http://www.baamps.it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Luca
- a NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore , Pisa , Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|