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Kim KS, Yang HJ, Lee JY, Na YC, Kwon SY, Kim YC, Lee JH, Jang HJ. Effects of β-sitosterol derived from Artemisia capillaris on the activated human hepatic stellate cells and dimethylnitrosamine-induced mouse liver fibrosis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:363. [PMID: 25262005 PMCID: PMC4193130 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background β-sitosterol is a cholesterol-like phytosterol, which widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Here, anti-fibrotic effect of the β-sitosterol was studied using the activated human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) model and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis model. Method HSCs were activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the collagen-1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expressions were measured at the mRNA and protein level. We also studied the effect β-sitosterol using DMN-induced mouse hepatic fibrosis model. We then measured the collagen-1 and α-SMA expression levels in vivo to investigate anti-hepatofibrotic effect of β-sitosterol, at both of the mRNA and protein level. Results β-sitosterol down regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen-1 and α-SMA in activated HSC. Oral administration of the β-sitosterol successfully alleviated the DMN-induced mouse liver damage and prevented collagen accumulation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of collagen-1 and α-SMA were also down regulated in β-sitosterol treated mouse group. Conclusions This study shows the effect of β-sitosterol on the TGF-β -or DMN-induced hepatofibrosis. Hence, we demonstrate the β-sitosterol as a potential therapeutic agent for the hepatofibrosis.
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Nguyen W, Howard BL, Jenkins DP, Wulff H, Thompson PE, Manallack DT. Structure-activity relationship exploration of Kv1.3 blockers based on diphenoxylate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7106-9. [PMID: 23084278 PMCID: PMC3664202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Diphenoxylate, a well-known opioid agonist and anti-diarrhoeal agent, was recently found to block Kv1.3 potassium channels, which have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for a range of autoimmune diseases. The molecular basis for this Kv1.3 blockade was assessed by the selective removal of functional groups from the structure of diphenoxylate as well as a number of other structural variations. Removal of the nitrile functional group and replacement of the C-4 piperidinyl substituents resulted in several compounds with submicromolar IC(50) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
| | - Brittany L. Howard
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
| | - David P. Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Philip E. Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
| | - David T. Manallack
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
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Cho YS, Borland M, Brain C, Chen CHT, Cheng H, Chopra R, Chung K, Groarke J, He G, Hou Y, Kim S, Kovats S, Lu Y, O’Reilly M, Shen J, Smith T, Trakshel G, Vögtle M, Xu M, Xu M, Sung MJ. 4-(Pyrazol-4-yl)-pyrimidines as Selective Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7938-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100571n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Shin Cho
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Maria Borland
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher Brain
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christine H.-T. Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hong Cheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rajiv Chopra
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kristy Chung
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James Groarke
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guo He
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ying Hou
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven Kovats
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yipin Lu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Marc O’Reilly
- Astex Therapeutics, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, United Kingdom
| | - Junqing Shen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Smith
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gary Trakshel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus Vögtle
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mei Xu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ming Xu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Moo Je Sung
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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