1
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Probing New DABCO-F Based Ionic Liquids as Catalyst in Organic Synthesis. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Liu X, Lou M, Bai S, Sun G, Qi X. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of Strychnos Alkaloids via Selective Fischer Indolization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5199-5212. [PMID: 35275636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex structures and important biological functions of Strychnos alkaloids have attracted a great deal of attention from synthetic chemists. Herein, we describe the concise asymmetric total syntheses of the Strychnos alkaloids, (-)-dehydrotubifoline, (-)-tubifoline, and (-)-tubifolidine, as well as the formal total synthesis of (-)-strychnine. Our strategy features the construction of the common tetracyclic pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole structure using regioselective Fischer indolization on unsymmetrical cyclic ketones and late-stage functionalization for divergent synthesis. We developed a stepwise Fischer indolization featuring selective formation of enol triflate to solve the challenging regioselectivity problem, leading to the common tetracyclic ring skeleton in these Strychnos alkaloids. The regioselectivity of Fischer indolization on unsymmetrical cyclic ketones was studied on the basis of different types of ring systems and supported by density functional theory calculations. Overall, our success in the construction of this tetracyclic ring secured the syntheses of Strychnos alkaloids and may provide a general method for the total syntheses of various alkaloids containing this skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.,National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoxin Sun
- Institute for Smart Materials & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), Beijing 102206, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Bhakhar KA, Sureja DK, Dhameliya TM. Synthetic account of indoles in search of potential anti-mycobacterial agents: A review and future insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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4
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Mathada BS, Yernale NG, Basha JN, Badiger J. An insight into the advanced synthetic recipes to access ubiquitous indole heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Sarkar D, Amin A, Qadir T, Sharma PK. Synthesis of Medicinally Important Indole Derivatives: A Review. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874104502015010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indoles constitute a widely occurring functional group in nature and are present in an extensive number of bioactive natural products and medicinally important compounds. As a result, exponential increases in the development of novel methods for the formation of indole core along with site-specific indoles have been established. Conventional methods for the synthesis of indoles are getting replaced with green methods involving ionic liquids, water as a solvent, solid acid catalyst, microwave irradiation and the use of nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions. In addition, there are immense applications of the substituted indoles in diverse fields.
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6
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Yang L, Zhou S, Zhao JQ, You Y, Wang ZH, Zhou MQ, Yuan WC. A cascade deprotonation/intramolecular aldol reaction of α-carbonyl sulfonium ylides with 2-mercaptoindole-3-carbaldehydes and 2-mercaptobenzaldehydes to access thieno[2,3- b]indoles and benzothiophenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3678-3686. [PMID: 33908551 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first catalyst-free cascade deprotonation/intramolecular aldol reaction of α-carbonyl sulfonium ylides with 2-mercaptoindole-3-carbaldehydes and 2-mercaptobenzaldehydes was developed. A series of thieno[2,3-b]indoles and benzothiophenes were smoothly obtained in high to excellent yields. The salient features of the protocol include catalyst-free conditions, an environment-friendly solvent, broad substrate scope, and large-scale synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China and Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China and Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Yong You
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China.
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7
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Synthesis of some novel piperidine fused 5-thioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazoles as potential antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Hughes-Whiffing CA, Perry A. One-pot, three-component Fischer indolisation- N-alkylation for rapid synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:627-634. [PMID: 33367375 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-component protocol for the synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted indoles has been developed, based upon a Fischer indolisation-indole N-alkylation sequence. This procedure is very rapid (total reaction time under 30 minutes), operationally straightforward, generally high yielding and draws upon readily available building blocks (aryl hydrazines, ketones, alkyl halides) to generate densely substituted indole products. We have demonstrated the utility of this process in the synthesis of 23 indoles, benzoindoles and tetrahydrocarbazoles bearing varied and useful functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Perry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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9
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Sathi V, Thomas NV, Deepthi A. Stereoselective synthesis of dispiro heterocycles by [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with a thiazolo[3,2- a]indole derivative. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7822-7826. [PMID: 32986053 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01559h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A green one pot three component [3 + 2] cycloaddition of a thiazolo[3,2-a]indole derivative (generated by the reaction of thieno[2,3-b]indole-2,3-dione and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate) with isatin derived azomethine ylides is reported here. An eco-friendly acetyl choline iodide-ethylene glycol (ACI/EG)-mediated deep eutectic solvent system was adopted for the reaction. Spiropyrrolidine oxindoles incorporating multiple stereocenters were obtained in a highly diastereoselective manner in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Sathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala State, India.
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10
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Thomas NV, Sathi V, Deepthi A, Leena S, Chopra S. Engaging thieno[2,3‐b]indole‐2,3‐dione for the efficient synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐thiopyrano[2,3‐b]indole] by reaction with
N
‐substituted isatilidenes. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noble V. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Vidya Sathi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Ani Deepthi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Sruthi Leena
- Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Thiruvananthapuram India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow India
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11
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Vikrishchuk NI, Suzdalev KF, Dranikova AY, Tkachev VV, Shilov GV. Reactions of 1-Alkyl-2-chloro-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde with 4-Amino-5-alkyl(aryl)-4H-triazole-3-thioles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Saccoccia F, Brindisi M, Gimmelli R, Relitti N, Guidi A, Saraswati AP, Cavella C, Brogi S, Chemi G, Butini S, Papoff G, Senger J, Herp D, Jung M, Campiani G, Gemma S, Ruberti G. Screening and Phenotypical Characterization of Schistosoma mansoni Histone Deacetylase 8 ( SmHDAC8) Inhibitors as Multistage Antischistosomal Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:100-113. [PMID: 31661956 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia) is a neglected tropical disease caused by platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma. The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas of the world where water is infested by the intermediate parasite host, the snail. More than 800 million people live in endemic areas and more than 200 million are infected and require treatment. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis treatment and transmission control being safe and very effective against adult worms of all the clinically relevant Schistosoma species. Unfortunately, it is ineffective on immature, juvenile worms; therefore, it does not prevent reinfection. Moreover, the risk of development and spread of drug resistance because of the widespread use of a single drug in such a large population represents a serious threat. Therefore, research aimed at identifying novel drugs to be used alone or in combination with PZQ are needed. Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (SmHDAC8) is a class I zinc-dependent HDAC, which is abundantly expressed in all stages of its life cycle, thus representing an interesting target for drug discovery. Through virtual screening and phenotypical characterization of selected hits, we discovered two main chemical classes of compounds characterized by the presence of a hydroxamate-based metal binding group coupled to a spiroindoline or a tricyclic thieno[3,2-b]indole core as capping groups. Some of the compounds of both classes were deeply investigated and showed to impair viability of larval, juvenile, and adult schistosomes, to impact egg production in vitro and/or to induce morphological alterations of the adult schistosome reproductive systems. Noteworthy, all of them inhibit the recombinant form of SmHDAC8 enzyme in vitro. Overall, we identified very interesting scaffolds, paving the way to the development of effective antischistosomal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Saccoccia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Excellence of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Gimmelli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guidi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Caterina Cavella
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Chemi
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Johanna Senger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Excellence of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Campus A. Buzzati-Traverso, via E. Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
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Kavitha HP, Rhyman L, Ramasami P. Molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 2-(4-bromophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and its selenium analogue: Insights using HF and DFT methods. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one and its selenium analogue were studied in the gas phase using HF and DFT methods. The functionals considered were B3LYP, BP86 and M06. The basis set for all the atoms was 6-311++ G(d,p). Molecular parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles, rotational constants, dipole moments, electronic energies, and vibrational parameters namely harmonic vibrational frequencies and relative intensities were computed for these compounds. Atomization energies, HOMO-LUMO gaps and natural charges on the atoms were also calculated. The molecular parameters and the vibrational spectra of sulfur compound are in good agreement with the experimental data. Therefore, the data for the selenium analogue should be helpful in its future characterization.
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14
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Zhang HL, Wen F, Sheng WB, Yin P, Zhang CT, Peng CY, Peng DM, Liao DF, Fu RG. A facile access to thieno[2,3-b]indoles via sulfur-mediated decarboxylative cyclization of α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids with indoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Saravana Mani K, Murugesapandian B, Kaminsky W, Rajendran SP. Enantioselective approach towards the synthesis of spiro-indeno [1,2-b] quinoxaline pyrrolothiazoles as antioxidant and antiproliferative. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Hayashi Y, Okano K, Mori A. Synthesis of Thieno[3,2-b]indoles via Halogen Dance and Ligand-Controlled One-Pot Sequential Coupling Reaction. Org Lett 2018; 20:958-961. [PMID: 29420041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A two-pot synthesis of thieno[3,2-b]indole from 2,5-dibromothiophene is described. A halogen dance of 2,5-dibromothiophene was performed with LDA, and subsequent Negishi coupling was performed with 2-iodoaniline derivatives to provide the corresponding coupling products. The resulting two bromo groups have different reactivities, which were utilized for the one-pot Suzuki-Miyaura coupling/intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig amination to produce thieno[3,2-b]indole via an assisted tandem catalysis that involved in situ ligand exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Tu H, Wu SQ, Li XQ, Wan ZC, Wan JL, Tian K, Ouyang GP. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 1H
-indol-2-ol Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Qun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Chao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Ping Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals; Guizhou University; Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
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18
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Synthesis of pyridine, pyran and thiazole containing thiophene derivatives and their anti-tumor evaluations. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1654-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Naidu KM, Srinivasarao S, Agnieszka N, Ewa AK, Kumar MMK, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Seeking potent anti-tubercular agents: Design, synthesis, anti-tubercular activity and docking study of various ((triazoles/indole)-piperazin-1-yl/1,4-diazepan-1-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2245-50. [PMID: 27020525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of thirty eight novel 3-(4-((substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl/1,4-diazepan-1-yl)benzo[d]isoxazole and 1-(4-(benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl/1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)substituted-1-one analogues were synthesised, characterised using various analytical techniques and evaluated for in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain and two 'wild' strains Spec. 210 and Spec. 192. The titled compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 6.16 to >200μM. Among the tested compounds, 7i, 7y and 7z exhibited moderate activity (MIC=24.03-29.19μM) and 7j exhibited very good anti-tubercular activity (MIC=6.16μM). Furthermore, 7i, 7j, 7y and 7z were found to be non-toxic against mouse macrophage cell lines when screened for toxicity. All the synthesised compounds were docked to pantothenate synthetase enzyme site to know deferent binding interactions with the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaga Mahalakshmi Naidu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Napiórkowska Agnieszka
- Microbiology Department, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Augustynowicz-Kopeć Ewa
- Microbiology Department, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland
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Irgashev RA, Karmatsky AA, Rusinov GL, Charushin VN. A new and convenient synthetic way to 2-substituted thieno[2,3-b]indoles. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26199654 PMCID: PMC4505097 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A short and robust approach for the synthesis of 2-(hetero)aryl substituted thieno[2,3-b]indoles from easily available 1-alkylisatins and acetylated (hetero)arenes has been advanced. The two-step procedure includes the “aldol-crotonic” type of condensation of the starting materials, followed by treatment of the intermediate 3-(2-oxo-2-(hetero)arylethylidene)indolin-2-ones with Lawesson’s reagent. The latter process involves two sequential reactions, namely reduction of the C=C ethylidene double bond of the intermediate indolin-2-ones followed by the Paal–Knorr cyclization, thus affording tricyclic thieno[2,3-b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A Irgashev
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia ; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Arseny A Karmatsky
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia ; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Gennady L Rusinov
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia ; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N Charushin
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia ; Ural Federal University named after the First President of Russia, B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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23
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Hamzehloueian M, Sarrafi Y, Aghaei Z. An experimental and theoretical study on the regioselective synthesis of a new class of spiropyrrolothiazoles with quinoxaline motifs via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. An evaluation of DFT methods. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14071d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), wB97xD/6-31G(d,p) and M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) methods revealed the importance of π/π interactions in regio- and stereoselectivity of cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaghoub Sarrafi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- 47416 Babolsar
- Iran
| | - Zahra Aghaei
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Mazandaran
- 47416 Babolsar
- Iran
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Synthesis and structural activity relationship study of antitubercular carboxamides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:614808. [PMID: 25610646 PMCID: PMC4295614 DOI: 10.1155/2014/614808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, the tedious duration of therapy, and resistance developed by the microorganism have made the recurrence of the disease multidrug resistance and extensive or extreme drug resistance. The prevalence of tuberculosis in synergy with HIV/AIDS epidemic augments the risk of developing the disease by 100-fold. The need to synthesize new drugs that will shorten the total duration of effective treatment and/or significantly reduce the dosage taken under DOTS supervision, improve on the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis which defies the treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin, and provide effective treatment for latent TB infections which is essential for eliminating tuberculosis prompted this review. In this review, we considered the synthesis and structure activity relationship study of carboxamide derivatives with antitubercular potential.
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25
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Singh S, Kaur G, Mangla V, Gupta MK. Quinoline and quinolones: promising scaffolds for future antimycobacterial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:492-504. [PMID: 25032745 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.930454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still a major health concern worldwide. The increasing incidences of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) necessitate the development of new anti-TB drugs acting via novel mode of action. The search of newer drugs for TB led to the identification of several quinoline-based antimycobacterial agents against both the drug-sensitive and MDR-TB. These agents have been designed by substituting quinoline scaffold with diverse chemical functionalities as well as by modifying quinoline/quinolone-based antibacterial drugs. Several of quinoline/quinolone derivatives displayed excellent antimycobacterial activity and were found free of cytotoxicity. This review highlights the critical aspects of design and structure-activity relationship of quinoline- and quinolone-based antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Molecular Modeling and Pharmacoinformatics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy , Moga, Punjab , India
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26
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4-Hydroxy-3-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)thiophen-2(5H)-one as inhibitors of tyrosyl-tRNA synthase: Synthesis, molecular docking and antibacterial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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KATHROTIYA HARSHADG, PATEL MANISHP. An efficient synthesis of 3′-indolyl substituted pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles as potential antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. J CHEM SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-013-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Design and synthesis of positional isomers of 5 and 6-bromo-1-[(phenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-1H-benzimidazoles as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Velezheva VS, Lepyoshkin AY, Turchin KF, Fedorova IN, Peregudov AS, Brennan PJ. A Versatile Approach for the Synthesis of 8H-Thieno[2,3-b]indoles and N-[2-(2-N-(R1,R2)-2-Thioxoacetyl)-phenyl]acetamides from 1-Acetyl-1,2-dihydro-3H-indol-3-one (Acetylindoxyl) and Its Derivatives: A Novel Synthesis of Intermediate (1-Acetyl-1H-indol-3-. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Yu. Lepyoshkin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 GSP-1 Moscow; Russia
| | - Konstantin F. Turchin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 GSP-1 Moscow; Russia
| | - Irina N. Fedorova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 GSP-1 Moscow; Russia
| | - Alexander S. Peregudov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds; Russian Academy of Sciences; 119991 GSP-1 Moscow; Russia
| | - Patrick J. Brennan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology; Colorado State University; Fort Collins; Colorado 80523-1682
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30
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Novel 1-(4-substituted benzylidene)-4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)semicarbazide derivatives for use against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and MDR-TB strain. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:411-22. [PMID: 23440582 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of eighteen new 1-(4-substituted benzylidene)-4-(1-(substituted methyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl)semicarbazide derivatives were designed, synthesized and characterized by spectral and elemental analyses. The derivatives were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) and MDR-TB strains. The activity was expressed as the minimum inhibitory concentration in μg/mL. Among the tested compounds 7j, 7m, 7o and 7q possesses equipotent activity as standard drug Isoniazid against MTB while 7m and 7q exhibited higher activity against MDR-TB strain when compared with both the reference drugs isoniazid and rifampicin. Basic structure activity relationships are presented.
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31
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Karuvalam RP, Pakkath R, Haridas KR, Rishikesan R, Kumari NS. Synthesis, characterization, and SAR studies of new (1H-indol-3-yl)alkyl-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanamide derivatives as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Xu CL, Yang GY, Yang JT, Wang CX, Fan SF, Xie PH. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 3-Methyl-1-phenylchromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones under Solvent-Free Conditions. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/com-13-12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Li BL, Xu DQ, Zhong AG. Novel SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids catalyzed a simple, green and efficient procedure for Fischer indole synthesis in water under microwave irradiation. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Straightforward protocol for the efficient synthesis of varied N(1)-acylated (aza)indole 2-/3-alkanoic acids and esters: optimization and scale-up. Tetrahedron 2012. [PMID: 23204595 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A library of approximately 40 N(1)-acylated (aza)indole alkanoic esters and acids was prepared employing a microwave-assisted approach. The optimized synthetic route allows for parallel synthesis, variation of the indole substitution pattern and high overall yield. Additionally, the procedure has been scaled up to yield multi-gram amounts of preferred indole compounds, e.g.: 2'-des-methyl indomethacin 2. The reported compounds were designed as biomedical tools for primary and secondary in vitro and in vivo studies at relevant molecular targets.
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35
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Cihan-Üstündağ G, Capan G. Synthesis and evaluation of functionalized indoles as antimycobacterial and anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2012; 16:525-39. [PMID: 22893206 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-012-9385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 5-fluoro-N(2)-(cyclohexylidene)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carbohydrazides (6a-6e) and their cyclization products 5-fluoro-N-(3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro [4.5]dec-4-yl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamides (7a-7e, 8a-8e) have been synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). Compounds showed moderate to good inhibitory activity at 6.25 μg/mL. Among them, 7b, 7d, 8b, and 8d were the most potent analogs with an inhibition range of 91-95 %. Additionally, compounds 6a, 7a, 7e, 8a, and 8e were subjected to the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) in vitro disease-oriented antitumor screening to be evaluated for antitumor activity. 8e, the most potent compound examined, displayed broad spectrum antiproliferative activity with particular selectivity against four leukemia cell lines (CCRF-CEM, HL-60 (TB), K-562, and RPMI-8226) with log (10) GI (50) values between -5.68 and -6.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Cihan-Üstündağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Istanbul University, Beyazıt 34116, Istanbul, Turkey.
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36
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Naik RJ, Kulkarni MV, Sreedhara Ranganath Pai K, Nayak PG. Click Chemistry Approach for Bis-Chromenyl Triazole Hybrids and Their Antitubercular Activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:516-23. [PMID: 22737986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01441.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Gising J, Odell LR, Larhed M. Microwave-assisted synthesis of small molecules targeting the infectious diseases tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria and hepatitis C. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2713-29. [PMID: 22227602 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06833h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of microwave in situ heating offer unparalleled opportunities for medicinal chemists to speed up lead optimisation processes in early drug discovery. The technology is ideal for small-scale discovery chemistry because it allows full reaction control, short reaction times, high safety and rapid feedback. To illustrate these advantages, we herein describe applications and approaches in the synthesis of small molecules to combat four of the most prevalent infectious diseases; tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, malaria and hepatitis C, using dedicated microwave instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Gising
- Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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38
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Microwave-assisted synthesis of 3′-indolyl substituted 4H-chromenes catalyzed by DMAP and their antimicrobial activity. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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Thomas K, Adhikari AV, Telkar S, Chowdhury IH, Mahmood R, Pal NK, Row G, Sumesh E. Design, synthesis and docking studies of new quinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as antitubercular agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5283-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Gunasekaran P, Perumal S, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. A facile four-component sequential protocol in the expedient synthesis of novel 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-3-pyrazolones in water and their antitubercular evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4530-6. [PMID: 21839549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Devi Bala B, Balamurugan K, Perumal S. Facile, four-component, domino reactions for the regioselective synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[g]quinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Desroses M, Wieckowski K, Stevens M, Odell LR. A microwave-assisted, propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®) mediated one-pot Fischer indole synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Tian DL, Luo G, Chen H, Tang XW, Liu YF. N-Cyclo-hexyl-2-(5-fluoro-1H-indol-3-yl)-2-oxoacetamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1851. [PMID: 21837216 PMCID: PMC3151783 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811024299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In title compound, C(16)H(17)FN(2)O(2), the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation.. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.503 (5) Å] and inter-molecular C-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯F hydrogen-bond inter-actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Li Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational, and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wei Tang
- Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Feng Liu
- Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
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44
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Raja VPA, Perumal S, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. Synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of highly functionalized tetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3881-4. [PMID: 21641799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 35 2e,3e,6e-triaryltetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones, 2e,3e,5e,6e-tetraaryltetrahydro-4(1H)-pyridinones and their N-nitroso and N-cyano analogs have been prepared. All these 35 compounds obtained were screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB). Among them, the N-nitrosopyridinones are found to be more active against MTB than the corresponding N-CN analogs, which, in turn, were slightly more active than NH analogs. In particular, the N-nitroso compounds, 3d, 4b and 4e with halogen-bearing phenyl rings at 2,6-positions showed maximum activity with MIC values of 3.97, 3.11 and 3.11 μM, being more efficacious than the first line anti-TB drugs, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide. A general trend has also been discerned in all the three classes of NH, N-CN and N-NO compounds, in each of which those bearing four aryl rings display higher activity than that having three analogously substituted aryl rings disclosing that lipophilicity could be an important factor underlying antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velanganni Paul Alex Raja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
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45
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Recent advances in the design and synthesis of heterocycles as anti-tubercular agents. Future Med Chem 2011; 2:1469-500. [PMID: 21426140 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.10.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, effective tuberculosis (TB) treatment is difficult, making many antibiotics ineffective and hindering the entry of drugs. With approximately 33% of infection, TB is still the second most deadly infectious disease worldwide. The reasons for this are drug-resistant TB (multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant), persistent infection (latent TB) and synergism of TB with HIV; furthermore no new chemical entity has emerged in last 40 years. New data available from the recently sequenced genome of the mycobacterium and the application of methods of modern drug design promise much for the fight against this disease. In this review, we present an introduction to TB, followed by an overview of new heterocyclic anti-tubercular moieties published during the last decade.
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46
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Balamurugan K, Perumal S, Menéndez JC. New four-component reactions in water: a convergent approach to the metal-free synthesis of spiro[indoline/acenaphthylene-3,4′-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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47
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Tang XW, Zhu TL, Chen H, Tian DL, Shi SY. 2-(1-Ethyl-5-meth-oxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-N-isopropyl-2-oxoacetamide. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2011; 67:o1158. [PMID: 21754466 PMCID: PMC3089210 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536811012815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C(16)H(20)N(2)O(3), the crystal packing is stabilized by weak π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distances = 3.577 (9) and 3.693 (9) Å] and inter-molecular C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions. The C atoms of the N-isopropyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.61(3) and 0.39(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tie-Liang Zhu
- Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Chen
- Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Biomarkers of Occupational and Environmental Hazards, Tianjin 300162, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Li Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People’s Republic of China
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48
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Ranjith Kumar R, Perumal S, Menéndez JC, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. Antimycobacterial activity of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-pyranopyridine/chromene hybrids generated by chemoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of nitrile oxides. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3444-50. [PMID: 21592801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides generated in situ from benzohydroximinoyl chloride and triethylamine to 2-aminopyranopyridine-3-carbonitriles and 2-aminochromene-3-carbonitriles occurred chemoselectively furnishing novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-pyranopyridine/chromene hybrid heterocycles in moderate yields. In vitro screening of these compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (MTB) disclosed that the 1,2,4-oxadiazole-pyranopyridine hybrids display enhanced activity relative to the 1,2,4-oxadiazole-chromene hybrids. Among the compounds screened, 3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-[(E)-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-methylidene]-6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyridin-2-amine (MIC: 0.31 μM) is 1.2, 15.2 and 24.6 times more active than standard antitubercular drugs, viz. isoniazid, ciprofloxacin and ethambutol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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49
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Facile synthesis and stereochemical investigation of Mannich base derivatives: Evaluation of antioxidant property and antituberculostic potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2287-96. [PMID: 21429744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Rajesh SM, Kumar RS, Libertsen LA, Perumal S, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D. A green expedient synthesis of pyridopyrimidine-2-thiones and their antitubercular activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3012-6. [PMID: 21498077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pseudo four-component domino reactions of N-substituted-4-piperidones, substituted aromatic aldehydes and thiourea in the presence of solid sodium ethoxide under solvent-free conditions afforded pyridopyrimidine-2-thiones in almost quantitative yields by simply grinding for 1-2 min. at ambient temperature. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Among them, (E)-6-benzyl-8-(2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (MIC 2.8 μM) displays the maximum activity, being 2.7 and 1.7 times more active than the first line antitubercular drugs ethambutol and ciprofloxacin, respectively, and less active than rifampicin and isoniazid, by 28 and 7 times, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Michael Rajesh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India
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