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Abdelmoniem AM, Hammad HF, Darweesh AF, Abdelaziz MA, Abdelhamid IA, Elwahy AHM. Hantzsch one-pot multicomponent synthesis of a novel series of bis(9,10-diarylhexahydroacridine-1,8-diones). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.1956541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadeel F. Hammad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F. Darweesh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Fluorene/fluorenone carboxamide derivatives as selective light-up fluorophores for c-myc G-quadruplex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 36:127824. [PMID: 33513388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent dyes capable of selective recognition of G-quadruplexes is essential for studying its localization and biological functions. However, considering the G-quadruplex topologies may vary significantly, the synthesis of compounds showing both selectivity and strong fluorescence properties still remains a great challenge. Recently we have developed fluorene/fluorenone derivatives with structure-specific binding towards dsRNA, indicating its potential for structure-selective ligands. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel fluorene/fluorenone derivatives and their selectivity towards various DNA structures, particularly G-quadruplexes, two of which showed strong affinity to the proto-oncogene c-myc promoter G-quadruplex.
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3
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Massolo E, Pirola M, Puglisi A, Rossi S, Benaglia M. A one pot protocol to convert nitro-arenes into N-aryl amides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4040-4044. [PMID: 35492662 PMCID: PMC9048774 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10758d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A two-step one pot, experimentally simple protocol, based on readily available and inexpensive reagents allowed the conversion of nitro-arenes directly to N-aryl amides. A metal-free reduction of the nitro group, mediated by trichlorosilane, followed by the addition of an anhydride afforded the corresponding N-aryl carboxyamide, that was isolated after a simple aqueous work up in good-excellent yields. When the methodology was applied to the reaction with γ-butyrolactone, the desired N-aryl butanamide derivative was obtained, featuring a chlorine atom at the γ-position, a functionalized handle that can be used for further synthetic manipulation of the reaction product. Such an intermediate has already been employed as a key advanced precursor of pharmaceutically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Massolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Margherita Pirola
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alessandra Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Maurizio Benaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
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4
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Kim S, Kundu A, Chun R, Han SH, Pandey AK, Yoo S, Park J, Kim HS, Ku JM, Kim IS. Direct Synthesis of 2-Acyl Acridines Using Aldimines and Anthranils: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saegun Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Kundu
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Rina Chun
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandey
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Yoo
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Mo Ku
- Biocenter; Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA); Suwon 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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5
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Xu L, Li S, Liang Z, Lin H, Fu R. Acridone suppresses the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro via ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2651-2654. [PMID: 29434987 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, the tricyclic acridone ring system has become a focus of major research by medicinal chemists due to the biological significance of this moiety in drug design and discovery. Acridone has substantial bio-potential since it performs crucial functions, including antibacterial, antimalarial, antiviral and anti-neoplastic activities. However, the anticancer effect and the underlying mechanisms of acridone on breast cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, the anti-tumor function and the underlying mechanisms of acridone were evaluated in vitro. Firstly, an MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acridone. Subsequently, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to investigate whether ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) was associated with the function of acridone. Finally, western blotting was used to confirm the results of RT-qPCR. The present study demonstrated that acridone may decrease the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells dose-dependently. Further experiments revealed that acridone may downregulate the mRNA and protein expression levels of ABCG2, supporting the potential application of acridone in breast cancer treatment. These findings suggested that acridone is a potential agent in the treatment of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Shuyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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6
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Wang FM, Zhou L, Li JF, Bao D, Chen LZ. Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Activities of 10-Substituted 3,3,6,6-Tetramethyl-9-Aryl-3,4, 6,7,9,10-hexahydroacridine-1,8(2 H,5 H)-dione Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Jun-Feng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Dan Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
| | - Li-Zhuang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
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7
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Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Cholewiński G, Dzierzbicka K. Recent developments in the synthesis and biological activity of acridine/acridone analogues. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people in the world struggle with cancer or bacterial, parasitic, viral, Alzheimer's and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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8
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Kaserer T, Rigo R, Schuster P, Alcaro S, Sissi C, Schuster D. Optimized Virtual Screening Workflow for the Identification of Novel G-Quadruplex Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:484-500. [PMID: 26841201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplexes, alternative DNA secondary structures present in telomeres, emerge as promising targets for the treatment of cancer, because they prevent telomere elongation and accordingly cell proliferation. Within this study, theoretically validated pharmacophore- and shape-based models as well as a theoretically validated docking protocol were generated and applied in parallel for virtual screening and the identification of novel G-quadruplex ligands. Top-ranked hits retrieved with all methods independently and in addition in a consensus approach were selected for biological testing. Of the 32 tested virtual hits seven selectively stabilized G-quadruplexes over duplex DNA in the fluorescence melting assay. For the five most active compounds, chemically closely related analogues were collected and subjected to in vitro analysis. Thereby, seven further novel G-quadruplex ligands could be identified. These molecules do not only represent novel scaffolds, but some of them are in addition even more potent G-quadruplex stabilizers than the established reference compound berberine. This study proposes an optimized in silico workflow for the identification of novel G-quadruplex stabilizers, which can also be applied in future studies. In addition, structurally novel and promising lead candidates with strong and selective G-quadruplex stabilizing properties are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kaserer
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Riccardo Rigo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova , via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Philipp Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università "Magna Graecia" di Catanzaro , Campus "S. Venuta", Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Sissi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova , via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck , Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Design, synthesis, in vitro cytotoxic activity evaluation, and apoptosis-induction study of new 9(10H)-acridinone-1,2,3-triazoles. Mol Divers 2015; 19:787-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Lavrado J, Brito H, Borralho PM, Ohnmacht SA, Kim NS, Leitão C, Pisco S, Gunaratnam M, Rodrigues CMP, Moreira R, Neidle S, Paulo A. KRAS oncogene repression in colon cancer cell lines by G-quadruplex binding indolo[3,2-c]quinolines. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9696. [PMID: 25853628 PMCID: PMC5382548 DOI: 10.1038/srep09696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer, yet remaining undruggable. To explore a new therapeutic strategy, a library of 5-methyl-indolo[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives (IQc) with a range of alkyldiamine side chains was designed to target DNA and RNA G-quadruplexes (G4) in the promoter and 5′-UTR mRNA of the KRAS gene. Biophysical experiments showed that di-substituted IQc compounds are potent and selective KRAS G4 stabilizers. They preferentially inhibit the proliferation of KRAS mutant cancer cell lines (0.22 < IC50 < 4.80 μM), down-regulate KRAS promoter activity in a luciferase reporter assay, and reduce both KRAS mRNA and p21KRAS steady-state levels in mutant KRAS colon cancer cell lines. Additionally, IQcs induce cancer cell death by apoptosis, explained in part by their capacity to repress KRAS expression. Overall, the results suggest that targeting mutant KRAS at the gene level with G4 binding small molecules is a promising anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lavrado
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Brito
- Cell Function and Therapeutic Targeting Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Borralho
- Cell Function and Therapeutic Targeting Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephan A Ohnmacht
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London. 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Clara Leitão
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London. 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Sílvia Pisco
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London. 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Mekala Gunaratnam
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London. 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Cell Function and Therapeutic Targeting Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephen Neidle
- The School of Pharmacy, University College London. 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Paulo
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Lavrado J, Ohnmacht SA, Correia I, Leitão C, Pisco S, Gunaratnam M, Moreira R, Neidle S, Santos DJVAD, Paulo A. Indolo[3,2-c]quinoline G-quadruplex stabilizers: a structural analysis of binding to the human telomeric G-quadruplex. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:836-49. [PMID: 25820698 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A library of 5-methylindolo[3,2-c]quinolones (IQc) with various substitution patterns of alkyldiamine side chains were evaluated for G-quadruplex (G4) binding mode and efficiency. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer melting assays showed that IQcs with a positive charge in the heteroaromatic nucleus and two weakly basic side chains are potent and selective human telomeric (HT) and gene promoter G4 stabilizers. Spectroscopic studies with HT G4 as a model showed that an IQc stabilizing complex involves the binding of two IQc molecules (2,9-bis{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-5-methyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ium chloride, 3 d) per G4 unit, in two non-independent but equivalent binding sites. Molecular dynamics studies suggest that end-stacking of 3 d induces a conformational rearrangement in the G4 structure, driving the binding of a second 3 d ligand to a G4 groove. Modeling studies also suggest that 3 d, with two three-carbon side chains, has the appropriate geometry to participate in direct or water-mediated hydrogen bonding to the phosphate backbone and/or G4 loops, assisted by the terminal nitrogen atoms of the side chains. Additionally, antiproliferative studies showed that IQc compounds 2 d (2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-5-methyl-11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolin-5-ium chloride) and 3 d are 7- to 12-fold more selective for human malignant cell lines than for nonmalignant fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lavrado
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon (Portugal).
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12
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Targeting G-quadruplex nucleic acids with heterocyclic alkaloids and their derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:538-51. [PMID: 25466923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
G-Quadruplex nucleic acids or G-quadruplexes (G4s) are four-stranded DNA or RNA secondary structures that are formed in guanine-rich sequences. They are widely distributed in functional regions of the human genome, such as telomeres, ribosomal DNA (rDNA), transcription start sites, promoter regions and untranslated regions of mRNA, suggesting that G-quadruplex structures may play a pivotal role in the control of a variety of cellular processes. G-Quadruplexes are viewed as valid therapeutic targets in human cancer diseases. Small molecules, from naturally occurring to synthetic, are exploited to specifically target G-quadruplexes and have proven to be a new class of anticancer agents. Notably, alkaloids are an important source of G-quadruplex ligands and have significant bioactivities in anticancer therapy. In this review, the authors provide a brief, up-to-date summary of heterocyclic alkaloids and their derivatives targeting G-quadruplexes.
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Rojas-Oviedo I, Camacho-Camacho C, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Cárdenas J, López-Muñoz H, Eugenio-Robledo H, Velázquez I, Toscano RA. Synthesis and characterization of tributyltin derivatives from 4-oxo-4-(arylamino)butanoic acids and theirin vitrobiological activity against cervical cancer cell lines. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Rojas-Oviedo
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud CP 04960 México
| | - Carlos Camacho-Camacho
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud CP 04960 México
| | - Luis Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza; Avenida Batalla del 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejercito de Oriente CP 09230 México
| | - Jorge Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán 04510 México
| | - Hugo López-Muñoz
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Investigación Experimental Zaragoza; Avenida Batalla del 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejercito de Oriente CP 09230 México
| | - Hugo Eugenio-Robledo
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud CP 04960 México
| | - Israel Velázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco; Calzada del Hueso 1100, Col. Villa Quietud CP 04960 México
| | - Rubén Alfredo Toscano
- Instituto de Química; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacán 04510 México
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Shalaby T, Fiaschetti G, Nagasawa K, Shin-ya K, Baumgartner M, Grotzer M. G-quadruplexes as potential therapeutic targets for embryonal tumors. Molecules 2013; 18:12500-37. [PMID: 24152672 PMCID: PMC6269990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181012500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumors include a heterogeneous group of highly malignant neoplasms that primarily affect infants and children and are characterized by a high rate of mortality and treatment-related morbidity, hence improved therapies are clearly needed. G-quadruplexes are special secondary structures adopted in guanine (G)-rich DNA sequences that are often present in biologically important regions, e.g. at the end of telomeres and in the regulatory regions of oncogenes such as MYC. Owing to the significant roles that both telomeres and MYC play in cancer cell biology, G-quadruplexes have been viewed as emerging therapeutic targets in oncology and as tools for novel anticancer drug design. Several compounds that target these structures have shown promising anticancer activity in tumor xenograft models and some of them have entered Phase II clinical trials. In this review we examine approaches to DNA targeted cancer therapy, summarize the recent developments of G-quadruplex ligands as anticancer drugs and speculate on the future direction of such structures as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for embryonal tumors of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Shalaby
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
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Lavrado J, Borralho PM, Ohnmacht SA, Castro RE, Rodrigues CMP, Moreira R, dos Santos DJVA, Neidle S, Paulo A. Synthesis, G-quadruplex stabilisation, docking studies, and effect on cancer cells of indolo[3,2-b]quinolines with one, two, or three basic side chains. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1648-61. [PMID: 23960016 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures in telomeres and oncogenic promoter regions are potential targets for cancer therapy, and G4 ligands have been shown to modulate telomerase activity and oncogene transcription. Herein we report the synthesis and G4 thermal stabilisation effects, determined by FRET melting assays, of 20 indolo[3,2-b]quinolines mono-, di-, and trisubstituted with basic side chains. Molecular modelling studies were also performed in an attempt to rationalise the ligands' binding poses with G4. Overall, the results suggest that ligand binding and G4 DNA thermal stabilisation increase with an N5-methyl or a 7-carboxylate group and propylamine side chains, whereas selectivity between G4 and duplex DNA appears to be modulated by the number and relative position of basic side chains. From all the indoloquinoline derivatives studied, the novel trisubstituted compounds 3 d and 4 d, bearing a 7-(aminoalkyl)carboxylate side chain, stand out as the most promising compounds; they show high G4 thermal stabilisation (ΔTm values between 17 and 8 °C) with an inter-G4 ΔTm trend of Hsp90A>KRas21R≈F21T>c-Kit2, 10-fold selectivity for G4 over duplex DNA, and 100-fold selectivity for the HCT116 cancer cell line (IC50 and IC90: <10 μM) over primary rat hepatocytes. Compounds 3 d and 4 d also decreased protein expression levels of Hsp90 and KRas in HCT116 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lavrado
- Medicinal Chemistry Group, Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon (Portugal)
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16
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Wang Y, Gao D, Chen Z, Li S, Gao C, Cao D, Liu F, Liu H, Jiang Y. Acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells: application of metabolomics in mechanistic studies of antitumor agents. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63572. [PMID: 23667640 PMCID: PMC3646819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A new acridone derivative, 2-aminoacetamido-10-(3, 5-dimethoxy)-benzyl-9(10H)-acridone hydrochloride (named 8a) synthesized in our lab shows potent antitumor activity, but the mechanism of action remains unclear. Herein, we report the use of an UPLC/Q-TOF MS metabolomic approach to study the effects of three compounds with structures optimized step-by-step, 9(10H)-acridone (A), 10-(3,5-dimethoxy)benzyl-9(10H)-acridone (I), and 8a, on CCRF-CEM leukemia cells and to shed new light on the probable antitumor mechanism of 8a. Acquired data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to identify potential biomarkers. Comparing 8a-treated CCRF-CEM leukemia cells with vehicle control (DMSO), 23 distinct metabolites involved in five metabolic pathways were identified. Metabolites from glutathione (GSH) and glycerophospholipid metabolism were investigated in detail, and results showed that GSH level and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were significantly decreased in 8a-treated cells, while L-cysteinyl-glycine (L-Cys-Gly) and glutamate were greatly increased. In glycerophospholipid metabolism, cell membrane components phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were decreased in 8a-treated cells, while the oxidative products lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) were significantly increased. We further found that in 8a-treated cells, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were notably increased, accompanied with decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3. Taken together our results suggest that the acridone derivative 8a induces oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. The UPLC/Q-TOF MS based metabolomic approach provides novel insights into the mechanistic studies of antitumor drugs from a point distinct from traditional biological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangfu Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tumor Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (HXL); (YYJ)
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Costa MV, Viana GM, de Souza TM, Malta LFB, Aguiar LC. Copper-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling reactions for the preparation of aryl diamines applying mild conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Synthesis and evaluation of 10-(3,5-dimethoxy)benzyl-9(10H)-acridone derivatives as selective telomeric G-quadruplex DNA ligands. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Doria F, Nadai M, Folini M, Di Antonio M, Germani L, Percivalle C, Sissi C, Zaffaroni N, Alcaro S, Artese A, Richter SN, Freccero M. Hybrid ligand-alkylating agents targeting telomeric G-quadruplex structures. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2798-806. [PMID: 22367401 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06816h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, physico-chemical properties and biological effects of a new class of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) capable of reversibly binding telomeric DNA and alkylate it through an electrophilic quinone methide moiety (QM), are reported. FRET and circular dichroism assays showed a marked stabilization and selectivity towards telomeric G4 DNA folded in a hybrid topology. NDI-QMs' alkylating properties revealed a good reactivity on single nucleosides and selectivity towards telomeric G4. A selected NDI was able to significantly impair the growth of melanoma cells by causing telomere dysfunction and down-regulation of telomerase expression. These findings points to our hybrid ligand-alkylating NDIs as possible tools for the development of novel targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Doria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, V.le Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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20
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Conformational studies and solvent-accessible surface area analysis of known selective DNA G-Quadruplex binders. Biochimie 2011; 93:1267-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Folini M, Venturini L, Cimino-Reale G, Zaffaroni N. Telomeres as targets for anticancer therapies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:579-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.556621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Stefan L, Guédin A, Amrane S, Smith N, Denat F, Mergny JL, Monchaud D. DOTASQ as a prototype of nature-inspired G-quadruplex ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:4992-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04960c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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23
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Georgiades SN, Abd Karim NH, Suntharalingam K, Vilar R. Interaction of metal complexes with G-quadruplex DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:4020-34. [PMID: 20503216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Guanine-rich sequences of DNA can assemble into tetrastranded structures known as G-quadruplexes. It has been suggested that these secondary DNA structures could be involved in the regulation of several key biological processes. In the human genome, guanine-rich sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplexes exist in the telomere as well as in promoter regions of certain oncogenes. The identification of these sequences as novel targets for the development of anticancer drugs has sparked great interest in the design of molecules that can interact with quadruplex DNA. While most reported quadruplex DNA binders are based on purely organic templates, numerous metal complexes have more recently been shown to interact effectively with this DNA secondary structure. This Review provides an overview of the important roles that metal complexes can play as quadruplex DNA binding molecules, highlighting the unique properties metals can confer to these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas N Georgiades
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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24
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Suntharalingam K, White AJP, Vilar R. Two Metals Are Better than One: Investigations on the Interactions between Dinuclear Metal Complexes and Quadruplex DNA. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8371-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ic100884p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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25
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Zambre VP, Murumkar PR, Giridhar R, Yadav MR. Development of highly predictive 3D-QSAR CoMSIA models for anthraquinone and acridone derivatives as telomerase inhibitors targeting G-quadruplex DNA telomere. J Mol Graph Model 2010; 29:229-39. [PMID: 20691626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
G-quadruplex structures of DNA represent a potentially useful target for anticancer drugs. Telomerase enzyme, involved in immortalization of cancer cells is inhibited by stabilization of G-quadruplex at the ends of chromosomes. Anthraquinone and acridone derivatives are promising G-quadruplex ligands as telomerase inhibitors. So far, optimization of these ligands remained hampered due to the lack of creditable quantitative structure-activity relationships. To understand the structural basis of anthraquinone and acridone derivatives, a predictive 3D-QSAR model has been developed for the first time for telomerase inhibitory activity of G4 ligands, employing comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA). Considering the proposition that the basic nitrogens in these compounds should exist in protonated form at physiological pH the protonated forms of the reported compounds were analyzed and investigated. The QSAR model from conformational template Conf1 exhibited best correlative and predictive properties. The actual predictive abilities of the QSAR model were thoroughly validated through an external validation test set of compounds. The statistics indicate a significantly high prediction power of the best model (r(2), 0.721), supporting the proposed molecular mechanism of DNA G-quadruplex ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal P Zambre
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Kalabhavan, The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara 390001, Gujarat, India
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26
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Georgiades S, Abd Karim N, Suntharalingam K, Vilar R. Wechselwirkung von Metallkomplexen mit G-Quadruplex-DNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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