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Xie F, Hao Y, Liu Y, Bao J, Wang R, Chi X, Wang T, Yu S, Jin Y, Li L, Jiang Y, Zhang D, Yan L, Ni T. From Synergy to Monotherapy: Discovery of Novel 2,4,6-Trisubstituted Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Potent Antifungal Potency In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2024; 67:4007-4025. [PMID: 38381075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections pose a serious threat to public health and are associated with high mortality and incidence rates. The development of novel antifungal agents is urgently needed. Based on hit-to-lead optimization, a series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted triazine hydrazone compounds were designed, synthesized, and biological evaluation was performed, leading to the identification of compound 28 with excellent in vitro synergy (FICI range: 0.094-0.38) and improved monotherapy potency against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans and Candida auris (MIC range: 1.0-16.0 μg/mL). Moreover, 28 exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity against multiple pathogenic strains. Furthermore, 28 could inhibit hyphal and biofilm formation, which may be related to its ability to disrupt the fungal cell wall. Additionally, 28 significantly reduced the CFU in a mouse model of disseminated infection with candidiasis at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Overall, the triazine-based hydrazone compound 28 with low cytotoxicity, hemolysis, and favorable ADME/T characteristics represents a promising lead to further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junhe Bao
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruina Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaochen Chi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, The Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), Naval Medical University, No.325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200072, China
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Zhang NN, Ban YJ, Wang YJ, He SY, Qi PP, Bi T, Ma YF, Dong YX, Guo B, Weng J, Li HL, Tang L, Zhang JQ. Virtual screening of novel mTOR inhibitors for the potential treatment of human colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106781. [PMID: 37597440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of the mTOR pathway is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. In this study, a rational virtual screening strategy has been established and MT-5, a novel mTOR inhibitor with a quinoline scaffold, was obtained from the ChemDiv database. MT-5 showed potent kinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 8.90 μM) and antiproliferative effects against various cancer cell lines, especially HCT-116 cells (IC50: 4.61 μM), and this was 2.2-fold more potent than that of the cisplatin control (IC50: 9.99 μM). Western blot, cell migration, cycle arrest, and apoptosis assays were performed with HCT-116 cells to investigate the potential anticancer mechanism of MT-5. Metabolic stability results in vitro indicated that MT-5 exhibited good stability profiles in artificial gastrointestinal fluids, rat plasma, and liver microsomes. In addition, the key contribution of the residues around the binding pocket of MT-5 in binding to the mTOR protein was also investigated from a computational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Juan Ban
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Si-Yu He
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pan-Pan Qi
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ting Bi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yi-Fei Ma
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yong-Xi Dong
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiang Weng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong-Liang Li
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihu North Road, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, College of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Shawish I, Barakat A, Aldalbahi A, Alshaer W, Daoud F, Alqudah DA, Al Zoubi M, Hatmal MM, Nafie MS, Haukka M, Sharma A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F, El-Faham A. Acetic Acid Mediated for One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolyl s-Triazine Derivatives for the Targeted Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Tumor Cells (MDA-MB-231) via EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Cascades. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081558. [PMID: 36015186 PMCID: PMC9414415 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we described the synthesis of novel pyrazole-s-triazine derivatives via an easy one-pot procedure for the reaction of β-dicarbonyl compounds (ethylacetoacetate, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadione or 1,3-cyclohexadionone) with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal, followed by addition of 2-hydrazinyl-4,6-disubstituted-s-triazine either in ethanol-acetic acid or neat acetic acid to afford a novel pyrazole and pyrazole-fused cycloalkanone systems. The synthetic protocol proved to be efficient, with a shorter reaction time and high chemical yield with broad substrates. The new pyrazolyl-s-triazine derivatives were tested against the following cell lines: MCF-7 (breast cancer); MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer); U-87 MG (glioblastoma); A549 (non-small cell lung cancer); PANC-1 (pancreatic cancer); and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The cell viability assay revealed that most of the s-triazine compounds induced cytotoxicity in all the cell lines tested. However, compounds 7d, 7f and 7c, which all have a piperidine or morpholine moiety with one aniline ring or two aniline rings in their structures, were the most effective. Compounds 7f and 7d showed potent EGFR inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 59.24 and 70.3 nM, respectively, compared to Tamoxifen (IC50 value of 69.1 nM). Compound 7c exhibited moderate activity, with IC50 values of 81.6 nM. Interestingly, hybrids 7d and 7f exerted remarkable PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitory activity with 0.66/0.82/0.80 and 0.35/0.56/0.66-fold, respectively, by inhibiting their concentrations to 4.39, 37.3, and 69.3 ng/mL in the 7d-treatment, and to 2.39, 25.34 and 57.6 ng/mL in the 7f-treatment compared to the untreated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Shawish
- Department of Math and Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Assem Barakat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
| | - Ali Aldalbahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Fadwa Daoud
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Dana A. Alqudah
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (W.A.); (F.D.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Mazhar Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Ma’mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;
| | - Anamika Sharma
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (A.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (A.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (F.A.); or (A.E.-F.)
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Synthesis, X-ray Structure and Biological Studies of New Self-Assembled Cu(II) Complexes Derived from s-triazine Schiff Base Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092989. [PMID: 35566339 PMCID: PMC9106035 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The two ligands 2-(1-(2-(4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)aniline (DMAT) and 2-(1-(2-(4,6-dimorpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)phenol (DMOHT) were used to synthesize three heteroleptic Cu(II) complexes via a self-assembly technique. The structure of the newly synthesized complexes was characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to be [Cu(DMAT)(H2O)(NO3)]NO3.C2H5OH (1), [Cu(DMOT)(CH3COO)] (2) and [Cu(DMOT)(NO3)] (3). X-ray single-crystal structure of complex 1 revealed a hexa-coordinated Cu(II) ion with one DMAT as a neutral tridentate NNN-chelate, one bidentate nitrate group and one water molecule. In the case of complex 2, the Cu(II) is tetra-coordinated with one DMOT as an anionic tridentate NNO-chelate and one monodentate acetate group. The antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of the studied compounds were examined. Complex 1 had the best anticancer activity against the lung carcinoma A-549 cell line (IC50 = 5.94 ± 0.58 µM) when compared to cis-platin (25.01 ± 2.29 µM). The selectivity index (SI) of complex 1 was the highest (6.34) when compared with the free ligands (1.3–1.8), and complexes 2 (0.72) and 3 (2.97). The results suggested that, among those compounds studied, complex 1 is the most promising anticancer agent against the lung carcinoma A-549 cell line. In addition, complex 1 had the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 13.34 ± 0.58 µg/mL) which was found to be comparable to the standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 10.62 ± 0.84 µg/mL). Additionally, complex 2 showedbroad-spectrum antimicrobial action against the microbes studied. The results revealed it to possess the strongest action of all the three complexes against B. subtilis. The MIC values found are 39.06, 39.06 and 78.125 mg/mL for complexes 1–3, respectively.
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Soliman SM, Lasri J, Haukka M, Elmarghany A, Al-Majid AM, El-Faham A, Barakat A. Synthesis, X-ray structure, Hirshfeld analysis, and DFT studies of a new Pd(II) complex with an anionic s-triazine NNO donor ligand. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Chen Y, Zhou X. Research progress of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112820. [PMID: 32966896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein family. mTOR exists as two types of protein complex: mTORC1 and mTORC2, which act as central controller regulating processes of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival and autophagy. The mTOR inhibitors block mTOR signaling pathway, producing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, autophagy and apoptosis induction effects, thus mTOR inhibitors are mainly used in cancer therapy. At present, mTOR inhibitors are divided into four categories: Antibiotic allosteric mTOR inhibitors (first generation), ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors (second generation), mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors (second generation) and other new mTOR inhibitors (third generation). In this article, these four categories of mTOR inhibitors and their structures, properties and some clinical researches will be introduced. Among them, we focus on the structure of mTOR inhibitors and try to analyze the structure-activity relationship. mTOR inhibitors are classified according to their chemical structure and their contents are introduced systematically. Moreover, some natural products that have direct or indirect mTOR inhibitory activities are introduced together. In this article, we analyzed the target, binding mode and structure-activity relationship of each generation of mTOR inhibitors and proposed two hypothetic scaffolds (the inverted-Y-shape scaffold and the C-shape scaffold) for the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. These findings may provide some help or reference for drug designing, drug modification or the future development of mTOR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Al Rasheed HH, Malebari AM, Dahlous KA, Fayne D, El-Faham A. Synthesis, Anti-proliferative Activity, and Molecular Docking Study of New Series of 1,3-5-Triazine Schiff Base Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184065. [PMID: 32899566 PMCID: PMC7571070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the use of s-triazine as a scaffold, we report here a new series of s-triazine Schiff base derivatives and their anti-proliferative activity against two cancer cell lines: human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and colon cancer (HCT-116) compared with tamoxifen as a reference compound. Several derivatives exhibited growth inhibition activity in the sub-micromolar range. The results reveal that the s-triazine Schiff base derivatives showed varied activities and that the substituents on the s-triazine core have a great effect on the anti-proliferative activity. Compounds with a piperidino and benzylamino substituent on the s-triazine moiety 4b and 4c were most effective in both cell lines compared to the reference compound used. In addition, compound 4b has a para chlorine atom on the benzylidine residue, demonstrating the most potent activity with IC50 values of 3.29 and 3.64 µM in MCF-7 and HCT-116, respectively. These results indicate that in general, the nature of the substituents on the triazine core and the type of substituent on the benzilyldene ring significantly influenced the anti-proliferative activity. The results obtained from the anti-proliferative activity and the molecular docking study indicate that s-triazine-hydrazone derivatives may be an excellent scaffold for the development of new anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa H. Al Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +00-9661-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +00-9661-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
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Xu T, Sun D, Chen Y, Ouyang L. Targeting mTOR for fighting diseases: A revisited review of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kilic-Kurt Z, Ozmen N, Bakar-Ates F. Synthesis and anticancer activity of some pyrimidine derivatives with aryl urea moieties as apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104028. [PMID: 32645482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of pyrimidine derivatives containing aryl urea moieties was designed and synthesized. The anticancer activities of all compounds were evaluated in vitro against colon and prostat cancer cell lines by MTT assay. Among these compounds, 4b exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against SW480 cancer cell line with IC50 value of 11.08 µM. Mechanistic studies showed that compound 4b arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis through upregulating Bax, Ikb-α and cleaved PARP and downregulating Bcl-2 expression levels. Moreover, compound 4b induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in SW480 cells. These results suggest that pyrimidine with urea moieties could be a template for designing new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zühal Kilic-Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nuri Ozmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Bakar-Ates
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Al Rasheed HH, Malebari AM, Dahlous KA, El-Faham A. Synthesis and Characterization of New Series of 1,3-5-Triazine Hydrazone Derivatives with Promising Antiproliferative Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112708. [PMID: 32545272 PMCID: PMC7321239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of s-triazine hydrazone derivatives was prepared based on the reaction of 6-hydrazino-2,4-disubstituted-s-triazine with p-substituted benzaldehyde derivatives using a straightforward synthetic pathway. The antiproliferative activity of all synthesized compounds was evaluated against two human cancer cell lines; breast cancer MCF-7 and colon carcinoma HCT-116 using MTT assay. Among all, 11 compounds have shown strong to moderate antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the range 1.01–18.20 µM in MCF-7 and 0.97–19.51 µM in HCT-116. The best results were obtained with 4,4’-(6-(2-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)hydrazinyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl) dimorpholine 11 (IC50 = 1.0 µM and 0.98 µM in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines, respectively). The substituents on the s-triazine core as well as the substituent at the benzylidene moiety have a great effect on the antiproliferative activity. Whereas compounds containing dimorpholino-s-triazine derivatives 8a–e showed more potent antiproliferative in MCF-7 compared to their analogs 7a–f (compounds containing two-piperidine rings), compounds containing one piperidine and one morpholine ring 9a–f showed better IC50 values in the range 10.4–22.2 µM. On the other hand, compounds containing two-piperidine rings 7a–f showed more potent antiproliferative in HCT-116 (IC50 values in the range 8.8–19.5 µM) than their analogs 8a–e and 9a–f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessa H. Al Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +96-61-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kholood A. Dahlous
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.H.A.R.); or (A.E.-F.); Tel.: +96-61-1467-3195 (A.E-F.)
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11
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Investigations of antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115408. [PMID: 32165076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article reports for the first time the synthesis of some novel β-lactam morpholino-1,3,5-triazine hybrids by a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction of imines 7a-c, 9a-c and 11 with ketenes derived from substituted acetic acids. The reaction was totally diastereoselective, leading exclusively to the formation of cis-β-lactams 8a-l, 10a-f and 12a-c. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity towards SW1116, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cell lines and non-cancerous HEK-293 cell line by MTT assay. None of the compounds exert an observable effect on HepG2, MCF-7 and HEK-293 cells, but compounds 7b, 8f, 8g, 8l, 10c, and 10e exhibited excellent growth inhibitory activity (IC50 < 5 µM) against SW 1116 cells, comparable to that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 6.9 µM). An evaluation of the antioxidant potential of each of the compounds, performed by diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, indicated that 7b, 9a, 9b and 9c have strong free radical scavenging activity. UV absorption titration studies reveal that 7b, 8l, 8g and 8f interact strongly with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) in the order of 8l > 7b > 8f > 8g. Collectively, the in vitro capabilities of some of these morpholino-triazine imines and β-lactams suggest possible applications to development of new antioxidants and DNA binding therapeutics.
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12
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Synthesis, X-Ray Crystal Structures, and Preliminary Antiproliferative Activities of New s-Triazine-hydroxybenzylidene Hydrazone Derivatives. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/9403908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a new small library of Schiff-base compounds that encompasses s-triazine and (2 or 4)-hydroxylbenzylidene derivatives. These compounds were synthesized through a hydrazone linkage connecting both the s-triazine and hydroxybenzylidene derivatives. The synthetic strategy adopted allowed the synthesis of the target compounds with excellent yields and purities as observed from their NMR (1H and 13C) and elemental analysis. Furthermore, 4f, 5b, and 5f were further confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction technique. The preliminary antiproliferative activities for the synthesized compounds were tested against two different cancer cell lines including breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-116). From the eighteen compounds, which have been examined, only two derivatives having piperidine moiety showed more selectivity against the two cell lines MCF-7 and HCT-116, while the others showed very weak activity. The position of the hydroxyl group in the benzylidine ring and the substituent on the s-triazine moiety has great effect on the activity of the prepared compounds. The IC50 values for the two derivatives 4a and 5a evaluated against breast cancer cells, very close to those for the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are 27 µM (13.3 µg/mL), 17 µM (8.4 µg/mL), and 20 µM (6 µg/mL) for 4a, 5a, and cisplatin, respectively. These results propose the preliminary antiproliferative activity of these two derivatives may deserve further consideration for development of new derivatives as potent anticancer agents.
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13
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, El-Gamal MI, Benhalilou DR, Ashraf S, Mohammed SA, Oh CH. Mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin: Recent pathological aspects and inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:631-664. [PMID: 30251347 DOI: 10.1002/med.21535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), also known as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, regulates many normal cell processes such as transcription, cell growth, and autophagy. Overstimulation of mTOR by its ligands, amino acids, sugars, and/or growth factors leads to physiological disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we reviewed the recent advances regarding the mechanism that involves mTOR in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. The chemical and biological properties of recently reported small molecules that function as mTOR kinase inhibitors, including adenosine triphosphate-competitive inhibitors and dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitors, have also been reviewed. We focused on the reports published in the literature from 2012 to 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Reyane Benhalilou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandy Ashraf
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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14
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Guo Q, Yu C, Zhang C, Li Y, Wang T, Huang Z, Wang X, Zhou W, Li Y, Qin Z, Wang C, Gao R, Nie Y, Ma Y, Shi Y, Zheng J, Yang S, Fan Y, Xiang R. Highly Selective, Potent, and Oral mTOR Inhibitor for Treatment of Cancer as Autophagy Inducer. J Med Chem 2018; 61:881-904. [PMID: 29308895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of novel pyrazino[2,3-c]quinolin-2(1H)-one scaffold, we designed and identified a highly selective, potent and oral mTOR inhibitor, 9m. Compound 9m showed low nanomolar activity against mTOR (IC50 = 7 nM) and greater selectivity over the related PIKK family kinases, which demonstrated only modest activity against 3 out of the 409 protein kinases. In vitro assays, compound 9m exhibited high potency against human breast and cervical cancer cells and induced tumor cell cycle arrest and autophagy. 9m inhibited cellular phosphorylation of mTORC1 (pS6 and p4E-BP1) and mTORC2 (pAKT (S473)) substrates. In T-47D xenograft mouse model, oral administration of compound 9m led to significant tumor regression without obvious toxicity. In addition, this compound showed good pharmacokinetics. Collectively, due to its high potency and selectivity, compound 9m could be used as a mTOR drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chenhua Yu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongxiang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruifang Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yongwei Nie
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yakun Ma
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianyu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,International Collaborative Laboratory of Biomedicine of the Ministry of Education , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China.,2011 Project Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy of Ministry of Education , 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
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15
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Ranjbar S, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M, Foroumadi A, Miri R, Khoshneviszadeh M. Design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation and docking studies of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives bearing different arylidene-hydrazinyl moieties as potential mTOR inhibitors. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:1-11. [PMID: 29387106 PMCID: PMC5772076 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.220962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase which controls cell growth and is frequently deregulated in many cancers. Therefore, mTOR inhibitors are used as antineoplastic agents for cancer treatment. In this study, 1,2,4-triazine derivatives containing different arylidene-hydrazinyl moieties were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on HL-60 and MCF-7 cell lines by MTT assay. S1, S2 and S3 exhibited good cytotoxic activity on both cell lines with an IC50 range of 6.42 - 20.20 μM. In general, substitution of a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing NO2, such as 5-nitrofuran-2-yl, resulted in the best potency. Molecular docking analysis was performed to study the possible interactions and binding modes of all the triazine derivatives with mTOR receptor. The most promising compound, S1, was well accommodated within the active site and had the least estimated free energy of binding (even less than the inherent ligand of the protein, PDB ID: 4JT6). It is concluded from both MTT assay and docking studies that the arylidene moiety linked to the hydrazinyl part of the structure had a prominent role in cytotoxicity and mTOR inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran.,Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, I.R. Iran
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16
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Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Spanò V, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Diana P, Cirrincione G. 1,3,5-Triazines: A promising scaffold for anticancer drugs development. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:523-549. [PMID: 29046238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covering literature reports from the beginning of this century to 2016 describes the synthetic pathways, the antitumor activity, the structure-activity relationship and, whenever reported, the possible mechanism of action of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives as well as of their hetero-fused compounds. Many 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, both uncondensed and hetero-fused, have shown remarkable antitumor activities and some of them reached clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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17
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Sun C, Chen C, Xu S, Wang J, Zhu Y, Kong D, Tao H, Jin M, Zheng P, Zhu W. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel 4-morpholino-7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing chromone moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3862-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Kumar GJ, Kumar SN, Thummuri D, Adari LBS, Naidu VGM, Srinivas K, Rao VJ. Synthesis and characterization of new s-triazine bearing benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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19
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Zhu W, Sun C, Xu S, Wu C, Wu J, Xu M, Zhao H, Chen L, Zeng W, Zheng P. Design, synthesis, anticancer activity and docking studies of novel 4-morpholino-7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as mTOR inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6746-54. [PMID: 25468038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 7,8-dihydro-5H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives (7a-q, 10a-q) were designed, synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and HRMS spectrum.All the compounds were evaluated for the inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase at 10 μM level. Five selected compounds (7b, 7e, 7h, 10b and 10e) were further evaluated for the inhibitory activity against PI3Ka at 10 μM level, and the IC50 values against mTOR kinase and two cancer cell lines. Twelve of the target compounds exhibited moderate antitumor activities. The most promising compound 7e showed strong antitumor activities against mTOR kinase, H460 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.80 ± 0.15 μM, 7.43 ± 1.45 μM and 11.90 ± 0.94 μM, which were 1.28 to 1.71-fold more active than BMCL-200908069-1 (1.37 ± 0.07 μM, 9.52 ± 0.29 μM, 16.27 ± 0.54 μM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that the thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds exerted little effect on antitumor activities of target compounds. Substitutions of aryl group at C-4 position had a significant impact on the antitumor activities, and 4-OH substitution produced the best potency.
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20
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Venkateswarlu V, Pathania AS, Aravinda Kumar K, Mahajan P, Nargotra A, Vishwakarma RA, Malik FA, Sawant SD. 4-(N-Phenyl-N′-substituted benzenesulfonyl)-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)quinolines as inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4237-4247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Design, synthesis and docking studies of novel thienopyrimidine derivatives bearing chromone moiety as mTOR/PI3Kα inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:64-73. [PMID: 25659752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two series of thienopyrimidine derivatives (10a-k, 16a-j) bearing chromone moiety were designed and synthesized. All the compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase at a concentration of 10uM. Four selected compounds were further evaluated for the IC50 values against mTOR kinase, PI3Kα kinase and two cancer cell lines. Some of the target compounds exhibited moderate to excellent mTOR/PI3Kα kinase inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity. The most promising compound 16i showed good inhibitory activity against mTOR/PI3Kα kinase and good antitumor potency for H460 and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.16 ± 0.03 μM, 2.35 ± 0.19 μM, 1.20 ± 0.23 μM and 0.85 ± 0.04 μM, which were 8.6, >5, 7.9 and 19.1 times more active than compound I (1.37 ± 0.07 μM, >10 μM, 9.52 ± 0.29 μM, 16.27 ± 0.54 μM), respectively. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) and docking studies indicated that the chromone moiety is necessary for the potent antitumor activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds. Substitution of the chromone moiety at the 6-position has a significant impact to the inhibitory activity, in particular a carboxylic acid group, produced the best potency.
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22
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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23
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An in silico protocol for identifying mTOR inhibitors from natural products. Mol Divers 2014; 18:841-52. [PMID: 25156384 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an anti-cancer target. In this study, we propose an in silico protocol for identifying mTOR inhibitors from the ZINC natural product database. First, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship pharmacophore model was built based on known mTOR inhibitors. The model was validated with an external test set, Fischer's randomization method, a decoy set and pharmacophore mapping conformation testing. The results showed that the model can predict the mTOR inhibition activity of the tested compounds. Virtual screening was performed based on the best pharmacophore model, and the results were then filtered using a molecular docking approach. In addition, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area analysis was used to refine the selected candidates. The top 20 natural products were selected as potential mTOR inhibitors, and their structural scaffolds could serve as building blocks in designing drug-like molecules for mTOR inhibition.
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24
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Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of novel 6-(aminophenyl)-2,4-bismorpholino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives bearing arylmethylene hydrazine moiety. Chem Res Chin Univ 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-014-3253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Khanfar MA, AbuKhader MM, Alqtaishat S, Taha MO. Pharmacophore modeling, homology modeling, and in silico screening reveal mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitory activities for sotalol, glyburide, metipranolol, sulfamethizole, glipizide, and pioglitazone. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 42:39-49. [PMID: 23545333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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27
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Estrada AA, Shore DG, Blackwood E, Chen YH, Deshmukh G, Ding X, DiPasquale AG, Epler JA, Friedman LS, Koehler MFT, Liu L, Malek S, Nonomiya J, Ortwine DF, Pei Z, Sideris S, St-Jean F, Trinh L, Truong T, Lyssikatos JP. Pyrimidoaminotropanes as Potent, Selective, and Efficacious Small Molecule Kinase Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR). J Med Chem 2013; 56:3090-101. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400194n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio G. DiPasquale
- X-ray Crystallographic Facility, University of California—Berkeley, 32 Lewis
Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Takeuchi CS, Kim BG, Blazey CM, Ma S, Johnson HWB, Anand NK, Arcalas A, Baik TG, Buhr CA, Cannoy J, Epshteyn S, Joshi A, Lara K, Lee MS, Wang L, Leahy JW, Nuss JM, Aay N, Aoyama R, Foster P, Lee J, Lehoux I, Munagala N, Plonowski A, Rajan S, Woolfrey J, Yamaguchi K, Lamb P, Miller N. Discovery of a novel class of highly potent, selective, ATP-competitive, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). J Med Chem 2013; 56:2218-34. [PMID: 23394126 DOI: 10.1021/jm3007933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel, highly potent, selective, and ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors based on a benzoxazepine scaffold have been identified. Lead optimization resulted in the discovery of inhibitors with low nanomolar activity and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the closely related PI3K kinases. Compound 28 (XL388) inhibited cellular phosphorylation of mTOR complex 1 (p-p70S6K, pS6, and p-4E-BP1) and mTOR complex 2 (pAKT (S473)) substrates. Furthermore, this compound displayed good pharmacokinetics and oral exposure in multiple species with moderate bioavailability. Oral administration of compound 28 to athymic nude mice implanted with human tumor xenografts afforded significant and dose-dependent antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig S Takeuchi
- Department of Drug Discovery, Exelixis , 169 Harbor Way, South San Francisco, California 94083, USA
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29
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Zhu W, Zhai X, Fu Q, Guo F, Bai M, Wang J, Wang H, Gong P. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of 4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing arylmethylene hydrazine moiety. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2012; 60:1037-45. [PMID: 22863708 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Three series of 4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing arylmethylene hydrazine moiety (11a-f, 13a-k and 15a-h) were synthesized and their chemical structures as well as the relative stereochemistry were confirmed. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines (H460, HT-29, MDA-MB-231). Most of them exhibited moderate to significant cytotoxicity and high-selectivity against one or more cell lines, especially compounds 11c, 13b, 15f and 15g possessing dramatically increased cytotoxicity as compared with the positive controls, which were further evaluated for six other cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The most promising compound 11c, bearing 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl group, showed remarkable cytotoxicity against H460, HT-29 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with IC(50)values of 0.003 µM, 0.42 µM and 0.74 µM, which was 1.6- to 290-fold more potent than GDC-0941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of New Drugs Design and Discovery of Liaoning Province, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
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30
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Koehler MFT, Bergeron P, Blackwood E, Bowman KK, Chen YH, Deshmukh G, Ding X, Epler J, Lau K, Lee L, Liu L, Ly C, Malek S, Nonomiya J, Oeh J, Ortwine DF, Sampath D, Sideris S, Trinh L, Truong T, Wu J, Pei Z, Lyssikatos JP. Potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase domain exhibiting single agent antiproliferative activity. J Med Chem 2012. [PMID: 23199076 DOI: 10.1021/jm301389h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase based upon saturated heterocycles fused to a pyrimidine core were designed and synthesized. Each series produced compounds with K(i) < 10 nM for the mTOR kinase and >500-fold selectivity over closely related PI3 kinases. This potency translated into strong pathway inhibition, as measured by phosphorylation of mTOR substrate proteins and antiproliferative activity in cell lines with a constitutively active PI3K pathway. Two compounds exhibiting suitable mouse PK were profiled in in vivo tumor models and were shown to suppress mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling for over 12 h when dosed orally. Both compounds were additionally shown to suppress tumor growth in vivo in a PC3 prostate cancer model over a 14 day study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F T Koehler
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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31
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhai X, Wang X, Zhu Y, Wu D, Zhou H, Gong P, Zhao Y. Design, synthesis and 3D-QSAR analysis of novel 2-hydrazinyl-4-morpholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 57:162-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Zhu W, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tan L, Fan W, Gong P. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 6-Hydrazinyl-2,4-bismorpholino pyrimidine and 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:812-21. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of novel 2,6-disubstituted-4-mor-pholinothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines as potent anti-tumor agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Finlay MRV, Buttar D, Critchlow SE, Dishington AP, Fillery SM, Fisher E, Glossop SC, Graham MA, Johnson T, Lamont GM, Mutton S, Perkins P, Pike KG, Slater. AM. Sulfonyl-morpholino-pyrimidines: SAR and development of a novel class of selective mTOR kinase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Identification of novel N-(morpholine-4-carbonyloxy) amidine compounds as potent inhibitors against hepatitis C virus replication. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 56:1315-23. [PMID: 22203602 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05764-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel compounds that possess antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV), we screened a library of small molecules with various amounts of structural diversity using an HCV replicon-expressing cell line and performed additional validations using the HCV-JFH1 infectious-virus cell culture. Of 4,004 chemical compounds, we identified 4 novel compounds that suppressed HCV replication with 50% effective concentrations of ranging from 0.36 to 4.81 μM. N'-(Morpholine-4-carbonyloxy)-2-(naphthalen-1-yl) acetimidamide (MCNA) was the most potent and also produced a small synergistic effect when used in combination with alpha interferon. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses revealed 4 derivative compounds with antiviral activity. Further SAR analyses revealed that the N-(morpholine-4-carbonyloxy) amidine moiety was a key structural element for antiviral activity. Treatment of cells with MCNA activated nuclear factor κB and downstream gene expression. In conclusion, N-(morpholine-4-carbonyloxy) amidine and other related morpholine compounds specifically suppressed HCV replication and may have potential as novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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36
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Mortensen DS, Perrin-Ninkovic SM, Harris R, Lee BGS, Shevlin G, Hickman M, Khambatta G, Bisonette RR, Fultz KE, Sankar S. Discovery and SAR exploration of a novel series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ones as potent and selective mTOR kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6793-9. [PMID: 21978683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We report here the discovery of a novel series of selective mTOR kinase inhibitors. A series of imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-2-ones, represented by screening hit 1, was developed into lead compounds with excellent mTOR potency and exquisite kinase selectivity. Potent compounds from this series show >1000-fold selectivity over the related PI3Kα lipid kinase. Further, compounds such as 2 achieve mTOR pathway inhibition, blocking both mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling, in PC3 cancer cells as measured by inhibition of pS6 and pAkt (S473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Mortensen
- Medicinal Chemistry, Celgene Corporation, 4550 Towne Centre Court, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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37
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Ligand-based 3-D pharmacophore generation and molecular docking of mTOR kinase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1611-24. [PMID: 21805127 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The 3-D structure of the human mTOR kinase domain was modeled based on the crystal structure of PI3Kγ using comparative modeling methods, and the ATP-binding site of mTOR was characterized. The mTOR kinase 3-D model structure is similar to the structure of the PI3Kγ kinase domain, and exhibits great similarity to PI3Kγ at the active site of the kinase. Pharmacophore generation, the docking of mTOR inhibitors, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of mTOR-inhibitor docked complexes were carried out in this work. The best pharmacophore model generated from 27 ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors comprised two hydrogen-bond acceptors, one aromatic ring, and one hydrophobic feature. These 27 inhibitors were docked into the ATP-binding site comprising the DFG motif, and the interactions in each protein-inhibitor complex were characterized. Mapping the pharmacophore model onto the docked inhibitors explained the specificity of the features of the pharmacophore and how they were arranged inside the active site of mTOR kinase. MD studies revealed important structural features, such as the large hydrophobic pocket "HP" and hydrophilic pocket "A1," and the solvent-exposed hydrophilic pocket "A2" at the active site of mTOR. Our results provide structural models of mTOR-inhibitor complexes and clues that should aid in the design of better mTOR kinase inhibitors.
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38
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Liu Q, Wang J, Kang SA, Thoreen CC, Hur W, Choi HG, Waller DL, Sim T, Sabatini DM, Gray NS. Discovery and optimization of potent and selective benzonaphthyridinone analogs as small molecule mTOR inhibitors with improved mouse microsome stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4036-40. [PMID: 21621413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.04.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Starting from small molecule mTOR inhibitor Torin1, replacement of the piperazine ring with a phenyl ring resulted in a new series of mTOR inhibitors (as exemplified by 10) that showed superior potency and selectivity for mTOR, along with significantly improved mouse liver microsome stability and a longer in vivo half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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39
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Three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis and molecular docking of ATP-competitive triazine analogs of human mTOR inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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40
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Liu Q, Wang J, Kang SA, Thoreen CC, Hur W, Ahmed T, Sabatini DM, Gray NS. Discovery of 9-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (Torin2) as a potent, selective, and orally available mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor for treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2011; 54:1473-80. [PMID: 21322566 DOI: 10.1021/jm101520v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway has been demonstrated to play a key role in a broad spectrum of cancers. Starting from the mTOR selective inhibitor 1 (Torin1), a focused medicinal chemistry effort led to the discovery of an improved mTOR inhibitor 3 (Torin2), which possesses an EC(50) of 0.25 nM for inhibiting cellular mTOR activity. Compound 3 exhibited 800-fold selectivity over PI3K (EC(50): 200 nM) and over 100-fold binding selectivity relative to 440 other protein kinases. Compound 3 has significantly improved bioavailability (54%), metabolic stability, and plasma exposure relative to compound 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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41
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Liu Q, Chang JW, Wang J, Kang SA, Thoreen CC, Markhard A, Hur W, Zhang J, Sim T, Sabatini DM, Gray NS. Discovery of 1-(4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one as a highly potent, selective mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. J Med Chem 2010; 53:7146-55. [PMID: 20860370 DOI: 10.1021/jm101144f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mTOR protein is a master regulator of cell growth and proliferation, and inhibitors of its kinase activity have the potential to become new class of anticancer drugs. Starting from quinoline 1, which was identified in a biochemical mTOR assay, we developed a tricyclic benzonaphthyridinone inhibitor 37 (Torin1), which inhibited phosphorylation of mTORC1 and mTORC2 substrates in cells at concentrations of 2 and 10 nM, respectively. Moreover, Torin1 exhibits 1000-fold selectivity for mTOR over PI3K (EC(50) = 1800 nM) and exhibits 100-fold binding selectivity relative to 450 other protein kinases. Torin1 was efficacious at a dose of 20 mg/kg in a U87MG xenograft model and demonstrated good pharmacodynamic inhibition of downstream effectors of mTOR in tumor and peripheral tissues. These results demonstrate that Torin1 is a useful probe of mTOR-dependent phenomena and that benzonaphthridinones represent a promising scaffold for the further development of mTOR-specific inhibitors with the potential for clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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42
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Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) belongs to the atypical kinase family of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase and function as a master regulators of the switch between catabolic and anabolic metabolism. In the last decade mTOR has emerged as a therapeutic target for various diseases such as cancer, inflammation and metabolic disorders. mTOR plays a crucial role in the PI3K/AKT/PDK1 pathway. In this review we will provide an overview of both selective and nonselective mTOR inhibitors. Since rapamycin and rapalogs have been reviewed before, more emphasis has been placed on nonrapamycin-based small-molecule inhibitors and their modulation of mTOR selectivity. Recent efforts in obtaining mTOR-selective inhibitors have produced a range of compounds with more than 1000-fold selectivity over PI3K, but it is still a matter of debate whether an mTOR-selective inhibitor will be of more clinical significance over a PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor.
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43
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Tong XG, Zhou LL, Wang YH, Xia C, Wang Y, Liang M, Hou FF, Cheng YX. Acortatarins A and B, Two Novel Antioxidative Spiroalkaloids with a Naturally Unusual Morpholine Motif from Acorus tatarinowii. Org Lett 2010; 12:1844-7. [PMID: 20329735 DOI: 10.1021/ol100451p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Gang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Li-Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Yue-Hu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Fan-Fan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
| | - Yong-Xian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, Yunnan, PRC, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PRC, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Education Ministry, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, PRC, and The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,
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44
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Richard DJ, Verheijen JC, Yu K, Zask A. Triazines incorporating (R)-3-methylmorpholine are potent inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with selectivity over PI3Kalpha. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2654-7. [PMID: 20223664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Potent inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) which contain the triazine scaffold and the (R)-3-methyl morpholine moiety have been identified. Such compounds also demonstrated good selectivity over the related lipid kinase PI3Kalpha. Incorporation of additional functionality at the 4-position of the arylureidophenyl ring resulted in compounds with enhanced cellular activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Richard
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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45
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2-Arylureidophenyl-4-(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)triazines as highly potent and selective ATP competitive mTOR inhibitors: optimization of human microsomal stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2648-53. [PMID: 20223663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Isosteric replacement of one of the 3,5-ethylene-bridged morpholines in 2-arylureidophenyl-4,6-di(3-oxa-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-yl)triazines led to significant improvements in human microsomal stability. 3-R-Me-morpholine and tetrahydropyran were identified as preferred isosteres for the bridged morpholine. Combination of tetrahydropyran substitution with an N-Me-piperazinophenylureido group led to 27, that selectively suppressed mTOR biomarkers in vivo and possessed excellent efficacy in a murine xenograft model.
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46
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4-Substituted-7-azaindoles bearing a ureidobenzofuranone moiety as potent and selective, ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2259-63. [PMID: 20188551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-ureidobenzofuranones was discovered as potent and selective inhibitors of mTOR with good cellular activity. Molecular modeling studies revealed several hydrogen bond interactions of the ureido group with the enzyme at the ATP-binding site. Furthermore, modeling showed that the ureido group is best situated at C-5 of the benzofuranone. Syntheses of 4-ureido and 5-ureidobenzofuranones are presented.
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47
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Tsou HR, MacEwan G, Birnberg G, Grosu G, Bursavich MG, Bard J, Brooijmans N, Toral-Barza L, Hollander I, Mansour TS, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Yu K. Discovery and optimization of 2-(4-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methylene-4-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones as potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:2321-5. [PMID: 20188552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.01.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We discovered 2-(4-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)methylene-4-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones as potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Since phenolic OH groups pose metabolic liability, one of the two hydroxyl groups was selectively removed. The SAR data showed the structural features necessary for subnanomolar inhibitory activity against mTOR kinase as well as selectivity over PI3Kalpha. An X-ray co-crystal structure of one inhibitor with the mTOR-related PI3Kgamma revealed the key hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Ru Tsou
- Chemical Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, United States.
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48
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Verheijen JC, Richard DJ, Curran K, Kaplan J, Lefever M, Nowak P, Malwitz DJ, Brooijmans N, Toral-Barza L, Zhang WG, Lucas J, Hollander I, Ayral-Kaloustian S, Mansour TS, Yu K, Zask A. Discovery of 4-morpholino-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as highly potent and selective ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR): optimization of the 6-aryl substituent. J Med Chem 2010; 52:8010-24. [PMID: 19894727 DOI: 10.1021/jm9013828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of a series of 4-morpholino-6-aryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as potent and selective inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are described. Optimization of the 6-aryl substituent led to the discovery of inhibitors carrying 6-ureidophenyl groups, the first reported active site inhibitors of mTOR with subnanomolar inhibitory concentrations. The data presented in this paper show that 6-arylureidophenyl substituents led to potent mixed inhibitors of mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3K-alpha), whereas 6-alkylureidophenyl appendages gave highly selective mTOR inhibitors. Combination of 6-alkylureidophenyl groups with 1-carbamoylpiperidine substitution resulted in compounds with subnanomolar IC(50) against mTOR and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over PI3K-alpha. In addition, structure based drug design resulted in the preparation of several 6-arylureidophenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, substituted in the 4-position of the arylureido moiety with water solubilizing groups. These compounds combined potent mTOR inhibition (IC(50) < 1 nM) with unprecedented activity in cellular proliferation assays (IC(50) < 1 nM).
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49
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Kettle JG, Ward RA, Griffen E. Data-mining patent literature for novel chemical reagents for use in medicinal chemistry design. MEDCHEMCOMM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00148a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Richard DJ, Verheijen JC, Curran K, Kaplan J, Toral-Barza L, Hollander I, Lucas J, Yu K, Zask A. Incorporation of water-solubilizing groups in pyrazolopyrimidine mTOR inhibitors: Discovery of highly potent and selective analogs with improved human microsomal stability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6830-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.10.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2009] [Revised: 10/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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