1
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Elgohary MK, Elkotamy MS, Abdelrahman Alkabbani M, Abdel-Aziz HA. Fenamates and ibuprofen as foundational components in the synthesis of innovative, targeted COX-2 anti-inflammatory drugs, undergoing thorough biopharmacological assessments and in-silico computational studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107393. [PMID: 38691908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a vital role in inflammation by catalyzing arachidonic acid conversion toward prostaglandins, making it a prime therapeutic objective. Selective COX-2 inhibitors represent significant progress in anti-inflammatory therapy, offering improved efficacy and fewer side effects. This study describes the synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory compounds from established pharmaceutically marketed agents like fenamates III-V and ibuprofen VI. Through rigorous in vitro testing, compounds 7b-c, and 12a-b demonstrated substantial in vitro selective inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.07 to 0.09 μM, indicating potent pharmacological activity. In vivo assessment, particularly focusing on compound 7c, revealed significant anti-inflammatory effects. Markedly, it demonstrated the highest inhibition of paw thickness (58.62 %) at the 5-hr mark compared to the carrageenan group, indicating its potency in mitigating inflammation. Furthermore, it exhibited a rapid onset of action, with a 54.88 % inhibition observed at the 1-hr mark. Subsequent comprehensive evaluations encompassing analgesic efficacy, histological characteristics, and toxicological properties indicated that compound 7c did not induce gastric ulcers, in contrast to the ulcerogenic tendency associated with mefenamic acid. Moreover, compound 7c underwent additional investigations through in silico methodologies such as molecular modelling, field alignment, and density functional theory. These analyses underscored the therapeutic potential and safety profile of this novel compound, warranting further exploration and development in the realm of pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Elgohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud S Elkotamy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Abdelrahman Alkabbani
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian-Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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2
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K A Abdelall E, Elshemy HAH, Philoppes JN, Abdel-Fattah MM, El-Nahaas ES, Mahmoud RR. Development of safe and antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors; Synthesis, molecular docking analysis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolizine 5-carboxamides. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107098. [PMID: 38185010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of new pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide derivatives (5-8, 9a-d, 10a-d, 11a,b and 12a,b) were developed, synthesized and evaluated in terms of in vitro COX-2 enzyme inhibition. The in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation was conducted on the most selective compounds (9a,b,d, 10b,c and 11a,b). For the most active five compounds (9a, 10b,c and 11a,b), ulcerogenic liability, histopathological examinations, physicochemical properties study and antioxidant activity were investigated. Also, nitric oxide donor activity was evaluated for compounds (6, 7, 10a-d and 12a,b), while, compounds (10c,d and 12a,b) showed a high significant result relative to the normal control. According to the findings of this study, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (9a) demonstrated high antioxidant (highest beta-carotene concentration (10.825 µg/ml)) and anti-inflammatory activity (EIP = 63.6 %) with lower ulcerogenicity (ulcer index 13.67), presenting it as a promising candidate for treating inflammatory diseases which are complicated by oxidative tissue damage. Furthermore, MOE software tools docking software was used to carry out the in silico studies. Docking study for the most active compounds showed that all compounds made three to four H-bond interactions in COX-2 active site adopting excellent docking scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman K A Abdelall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Heba A H Elshemy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt.
| | - John N Philoppes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Maha M Abdel-Fattah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - El-Shaymaa El-Nahaas
- Departement of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Rabab R Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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3
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Rosheen, Sharma S, Utreja D. Salicylic Acid: Synthetic Strategies and Their Biological Activities. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosheen
- Department of Chemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
| | - Shivali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 India
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4
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Bošković J, Ružić D, Čudina O, Nikolic K, Dobričić V. Design of Dual COX-2 and 5-LOX Inhibitors with Iron-Chelating Properties
Using Structure-Based and Ligand-Based Methods. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210714161908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Inflammation is a critical component of many disease progressions, such as malignancy,
cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. The inhibition of inflammatory mediators synthesis by
modulation of cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways provides challenging strategy
for development of more effective drugs.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to design dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors with iron-chelating
properties using a combination of ligand-based (three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship
(3D-QSAR)) and structure-based (molecular docking) methods.
Methods:
The 3D-QSAR analysis was applied on a literature dataset consisting of 28 dual COX-2 and 5-
LOX inhibitors in Pentacle software. The quality of developed COX-2 and 5-LOX 3D-QSAR models
were evaluated by internal and external validation methods. The molecular docking analysis was performed
in GOLD software, while selected ADMET properties were predicted in ADMET predictor software.
Results:
According to the molecular docking studies, the class of sulfohydroxamic acid analogues, previously
designed by 3D-QSAR, were clustered as potential dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors with ironchelating
properties. Based on the 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, 1j, 1g and 1l were selected as the
most promising dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors. According to the in silico ADMET predictions, all
compounds had ADMET_Risk score less than 7 and CYP_Risk score lower than 2.5. Designed compounds
were not estimated as hERG inhibitors and 1j had improved intrinsic solubility (8.704) in comparison
to the dataset compounds (0.411-7.946).
Conclusion:
By combining 3D-QSAR and molecular docking, three compounds (1j, 1g and 1l) were
selected as the most promising designed dual COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors, for which good activity, as
well as favourable ADMET properties and toxicity, are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bošković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ružić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Čudina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Dobričić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade – Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Martins ABM, Bezerra MS, da Costa Gomes LT, Trajano FMG, Dantas PB, de Sena MO, Gavioli EC, da Silva Junior ED. Effects of dipyrone and acetylsalicylic acid on contractions of distal cauda epididymis duct, serum testosterone and sperm count in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:183-195. [PMID: 34196104 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of dipyrone and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on male fertility are still not fully understood, mainly considering the epididymis as a putative target for their anti-fertility effects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of dipyrone and ASA on the contractions of distal cauda epididymis duct, serum testosterone levels and sperm parameters in rats. Firstly, we checked the in vitro effects of dipyrone and ASA (10-1000 μM) on the contractions of distal cauda epididymis duct by pharmacological experiments. We also evaluated the effects of in vivo treatment with dipyrone and ASA 100 mg/kg (p.o.) for 15 days on epididymal duct contractions, serum testosterone levels and sperm parameters. In vitro dipyrone or ASA decreased the epididymal duct contractions induced by phenylephrine or carbachol. We observed that in vivo treatment with both drugs decreased the daily sperm production, serum testosterone levels and sperm count through epididymis without altering the epididymal duct contractions and sperm transit time through epididymis. In conclusion, in vitro dipyrone and ASA were able to diminish the contractions of epididymal duct, whilst in vivo administration decreased the sperm count throughout epididymis as a consequence of a low sperm production caused by reduced testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Samala Bezerra
- Mode of Drug Action Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Brüch Dantas
- Mode of Drug Action Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Maele Oliveira de Sena
- Mode of Drug Action Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Edilson Dantas da Silva Junior
- Mode of Drug Action Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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6
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Cangemi R, Carnevale R, Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Taliani G, Falcone M, Calvieri C, Pignatelli P, Violi F. Corticosteroid use, myocardial injury and in-hospital cardiovascular events in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:155-165. [PMID: 34087003 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Corticosteroids are often prescribed to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients, but the relationship with major cardiovascular events (MACEs) is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH 541 CAP patients were recruited (334 males, mean age 71.9 ± 16.2 years). High-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT) was measured at admission, during the hospital stay and at discharge. MACE occurrence was registered during a long-term follow-up. KEY RESULTS Overall, 318 patients (59%) showed hs-cTnT elevation >99th percentile (>0.014 μg/L). Age, heart failure and the increasing quintiles of hs-cTnT (hazard ratio [HR] 2.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-2.58, P < .001) predicted MACEs. Among patients with hs-cTnT >0.014 μg/L at admission, 102 patients (31%) were on corticosteroids and showed lower hs-cTnT increase (P = .021), (NADPH) oxidase-2 (Nox2) activation (P = .005) and incidence of MACEs than untreated ones (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.41-0.97, P = .038); no effect of corticosteroids on MACEs was observed in CAP patients with normal troponin. In vitro study showed that glucocorticoids have an antioxidant effect via downregulation of Nox2 activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The study provides evidence that corticosteroid use is associated with lower increase of hs-cTnT and incidence of MACEs in CAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Taliani
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Camilla Calvieri
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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7
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Zhou S, Hou X, Yang K, Guo M, Zhao W, Tang X, Wang G. Direct Synthesis of N-Difluoromethyl-2-pyridones from Pyridines. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6879-6887. [PMID: 33905251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of N-difluoromethyl-2-pyridones was described. This protocol enables the synthesis of N-difluoromethyl-2-pyridones from readily available pyridines using mild reaction conditions that are compatible with a wide range of functional groups. The preliminary mechanistic study revealed that N-difluoromethylpyridinium salts were the key intermediates to complete this conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Guo
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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8
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Chen XP, Han J, Hu YJ, Li YF, Wang XC, Ran JX, Wang ZH, Wu FH. Study on the mild, rapid and selective difluorocarbene-mediated triclassification of iododifluoroacetophenone with secondary amines and tree model for product classification. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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In silico characterisation of olive phenolic compounds as potential cyclooxygenase modulators. Part 1. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 101:107719. [PMID: 32898836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used to reduce pain. These target cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes which produce inflammatory mediators. Adverse effects associated with the use of traditional NSAIDs have led to a rise in the development of alternative therapies. Derived from Olea Europaea, olive oil is a main component of the Mediterranean diet, containing phenolic compounds that contribute to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has previously been found that oleocanthal, a phenolic compound derived from the olive, had similar effects to ibuprofen, a commonly used NSAID. There is an abundance of olive phenolic compounds that have yet to be investigated for their anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, it was sought to identify potential olive-derived compounds with the ability to inhibit COX enzymes, and study the mechanisms using in silico approaches. Molecular docking was employed to determine the COX inhibitory potential of an olive phenolic compound library. From docking, it was determined that 1-oleyltyrosol (1OL) and ligstroside derivative 2 (LG2) demonstrated the greatest binding affinity to both COX-1 and COX-2. Interactions with these compounds were further examined using molecular dynamics simulations. The residue contributions to binding free energy were computed using Molecular Mechanics-Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) methods, revealing that residues Leu93, Val116, Leu352, and Ala527 in COX-1 and COX-2 were key determinants of potential inhibition. Along with part 2 of this study, this work aims to identify and characterise novel phenolic compounds which may possess COX inhibitory properties.
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10
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Murray AB, Quadri M, Li H, McKenna R, Horenstein NA. Synthesis of saccharin-glycoconjugates targeting carbonic anhydrase using a one-pot cyclization/deprotection strategy. Carbohydr Res 2019; 476:65-70. [PMID: 30921738 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) has been identified as a biomarker and drug target for several malignant tumors due to its role in cancer cell growth and proliferation. Simple cyclic sulfonamides, like saccharin (SAC), have shown up to a 60-fold selectivity towards CA IX over other ubiquitous CA isoforms, with greater selectivity obtained applying the "tail-approach" to derivatize SAC with a methylene triazole linker that connected to a "tail" beta glucoside. These modifications of SAC led to an increased selectivity of more than 1000-fold towards CA IX, whereas clinically available CA inhibitors show little to no isoform selectivity. As part of our interest in the development of new CA inhibitors, we found the existing synthetic protocol, which relies on a N-tert-butyl saccharin intermediate, to be problematic in the final deprotection steps. We therefore describe an alternative approach to the synthesis of these compounds featuring a gentle "one pot" deprotection/cyclization as the final synthetic step, and report new galactosyl and glucosyl conjugates with low to mid nM inhibition of CA IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilah B Murray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Marta Quadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Haoxi Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Nicole A Horenstein
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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11
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Zhu J, Zheng H, Xue XS, Xiao Y, Liu Y, Shen Q. Carbon-Selective Difluoromethylation of Soft Carbon Nucleophiles with Difluoromethylated Sulfonium Ylide. CHINESE J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201800383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineer, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineer, Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yisa Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yafei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
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12
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Safer anti-inflammatory therapy through dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors: A structure-based approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:356-381. [PMID: 29883727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory mediators of the arachidonic acid cascade from cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways are primarily responsible for many diseases in human beings. Chronic inflammation is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of cancer, arthritis, autoimmune, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (tNSAIDs) inhibit cyclooxygenase pathway non-selectively and produce gastric mucosal damage due to COX-1 inhibition and allergic reactions and bronchospasm resulting from increased leukotriene levels. 'Coxibs' which are selective COX-2 inhibitors cause adverse cardiovascular events. Inhibition of any of these biosynthetic pathways could switch the metabolism to the other, which can lead to fatal side effects. Hence, there is undoubtedly an urgent need for new anti-inflammatory agents having dual mechanism that prevent release of both prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Though several molecules have been synthesized with this objective, their unfavourable toxicity profile prevented them from being used in clinics. Here, this integrative review attempts to identify the promising pharmacophore that serves as dual inhibitors of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes with improved safety profile. A better acquaintance of structural features that balance safety and efficacy of dual inhibitors would be a different approach to the process of understanding and interpreting the designing of novel anti-inflammatory agents.
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13
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Pereira-Leite C, Nunes C, Jamal SK, Cuccovia IM, Reis S. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:802-859. [PMID: 28005273 DOI: 10.1002/med.21424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against inflammation, pain, and fever has been supporting their worldwide use in the treatment of painful conditions and chronic inflammatory diseases until today. However, the long-term therapy with NSAIDs was soon associated with high incidences of adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the search for novel drugs with improved safety has begun with COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) being straightaway developed and commercialized. Nevertheless, the excitement has fast turned to disappointment when diverse coxibs were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity. Such events have once again triggered the emergence of different strategies to overcome NSAIDs toxicity. Here, an integrative review is provided to address the breakthroughs of two main approaches: (i) the association of NSAIDs with protective mediators and (ii) the design of novel compounds to target downstream and/or multiple enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade. To date, just one phosphatidylcholine-associated NSAID has already been approved for commercialization. Nevertheless, the preclinical and clinical data obtained so far indicate that both strategies may improve the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira-Leite
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah K Jamal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iolanda M Cuccovia
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salette Reis
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Alam MS, Choi SU, Lee DU. Synthesis, anticancer, and docking studies of salicyl-hydrazone analogues: A novel series of small potent tropomyosin receptor kinase A inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 25:389-396. [PMID: 27856237 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel salicyl-hydrazone analogues were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities in five human cancer cell lines, namely, lung cancer (A549), ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3), skin cancer (SK-MEL-2), colon cancer (HCT15) and pancreatic cancer (MIA-PaCa-2) cells, and for their in vitro tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) inhibitory activities. Each of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against all cancer cells. Compound 3i was found to be most potent against all cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.46 (A549), 0.87 (SK-OV-3), 1.43 (SK-MEL-2), 0.89 (HCT15), and 0.48μM (MIA-PaCa-2), followed by compound 3l. Cytotoxicity of 3i was similar to that of doxorubicin (0.87μM) against HCT15 cells. Compounds 3i and 3l also showed highest TrkA inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.231 and 0.380μM, respectively. A SAR study of the series revealed that compounds with hydroxyl groups showed better cytotoxicity and TrkA inhibitory potency (in the following order 2,4-OH>2,3,4-OH>3,4-OH>4-OH) than compounds possessing electron donating or withdrawing groups on the benzylidenephenyl ring. Docking studies of compounds 3i and 3l conducted on the crystal structure of TrkA receptor (a promising target for anticancer agents) showed both had a high docking score and similar order of experimental TrkA inhibitory activities. The formation of several hydrogen bonds involving N and O containing moieties contributed most significantly to ligand binding and stabilization at the active site of the receptor. In addition, ligand-receptor complexes were further stabilized by π-cation, π-anion, amide-π stacked, and van der Waal's interactions. Conformational analyses showed ligand molecules adopted similar conformations at the receptor active site during interactions, but that the low energy optimized conformations of compounds 3i and 3l differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sayed Alam
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Jagannath University, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Un Choi
- Center for Drug Discovery Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeongro, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ung Lee
- Division of Bioscience, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Republic of Korea.
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Bakr RB, Azouz AA, Abdellatif KRA. Synthesis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, anti-inflammatory evaluation and ulcerogenic liability of new 1-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:6-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1186018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, and
| | - Amany A. Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Ajani OO, Familoni OB, Aderohunmu DV, Ogunniran KO, Adekoya JA, Olanrewaju IO. Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Activity of N, N-Diethylamido Substituted p-Toluenesulfonamides to their α-Toluenesulfonamide Counterparts. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 18:166-72. [PMID: 26506646 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2015.166.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Suthar SK, Sharma M. Recent Developments in Chimeric NSAIDs as Safer Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:341-407. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Kumar Suthar
- Department of Pharmacy; Jaypee University of Information Technology; Waknaghat 173234 India
| | - Manu Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy; Jaypee University of Information Technology; Waknaghat 173234 India
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18
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Metronidazole derivatives as a new class of antiparasitic agents: synthesis, prediction of biological activity, and molecular properties. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Gazvoda M, Kočevar M, Polanc S. In Situ Formation of Vilsmeier Reagents Mediated by Oxalyl Chloride: a Tool for the Selective Synthesis ofN-Sulfonylformamidines. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Ekinci D, Sentürk M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Salicylic acid derivatives: synthesis, features and usage as therapeutic tools. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 21:1831-41. [PMID: 22098318 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.636354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the field of medicinal chemistry, there is a growing interest in the use of small molecules. Although acetyl salicylic acid is well known for medical applications, little is known about other salicylic acid derivatives, and there is serious lack of data and information on the effects and biological evaluation that connect them. AREAS COVERED This review covers the synthesis and drug potencies of salicylic acid derivatives. After a brief overview of the information on salicylic acid and its features, a detailed review of salicylic acids as drugs and prodrugs, usage as cyclooxygenase inhibitors, properties in plants, synthesis and recent patents, is developed. EXPERT OPINION Salicylic acid research is still an important area and innovations continue to arise, which offer hope for new therapeutics in related fields. It is anticipated that this review will guide the direction of long-term drug/nutraceutical safety trials and stimulate ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ekinci
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey
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21
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Jawabrah Al-Hourani B, Sharma SK, Suresh M, Wuest F. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a literature and patent review (2009 - 2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:1339-432. [PMID: 21714592 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.593510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COXs catalyze the complex conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which trigger as autacoids with autocrine and paracrine biological effects many physiological and pathophysiological responses. The structural similarities of the COX-1 and -2 enzymes make the search for selective inhibitors for COX-2 versus -1 a formidable challenge. AREAS COVERED The present review provides a survey of the development of novel COX-2 inhibitors covering literature and patents between 2009 and 2010. The presence of a central, typically 1,2-diaryl substituted, heterocycle or carbocycle as a characteristic structural motif in many selective COX-2 inhibitors represents the basis of their classification in this review. The classification in this review includes COX-2 inhibitors based on five- and six-membered heterocycles, benzoheterocycles (e.g., benzopyrans, benzopyranones, indoles and quinolines), quinones, chalcones, natural products and miscellaneous. When available, COX-2 inhibitors are presented with their related COX-2 inhibitory potency and selectivity. EXPERT OPINION The availability of detailed information on the crystal structure of the COX-2 enzyme with various substrates, cofactors and inhibitors, and the recently reported increased risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors will further stimulate development of COX-2 inhibitors with favorable COX-2 inhibition profiles without adverse effects to the cardiovascular system.
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Yu G, Chowdhury MA, Huang Z, Abdellatif KRA, Knaus EE. Synthesis of phenylacetic acid regioisomers possessing an N-substituted 1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one pharmacophore — Evaluation as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases and 5-lipoxygenase. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction provides a useful method for the synthesis of methyl 2-(2-chloropyridyl or 2-methoxypyridyl)phenylacetates. The 2-chloropyridyl or 2-methoxypyridyl ring system can be readily elaborated to N-substituted (OH, Me, CHF2, H) 1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one ring systems that are useful synthons for use in bioorganic and medicinal chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Yu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Morshed A. Chowdhury
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Khaled R. A. Abdellatif
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
| | - Edward E. Knaus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N8, Canada
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Meanwell NA. Synopsis of Some Recent Tactical Application of Bioisosteres in Drug Design. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2529-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1013693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1876] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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Chowdhury MA, Huang Z, Abdellatif KR, Dong Y, Yu G, Velázquez CA, Knaus EE. Synthesis and biological evaluation of indomethacin analogs possessing a N-difluoromethyl-1,2-dihydropyrid-2-one ring system: A search for novel cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5776-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Rao PPN, Kabir SN, Mohamed T. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Progress in Small Molecule Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1530-1549. [PMID: 27713316 PMCID: PMC4033995 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of aspirin, small molecule therapeutics have been widely prescribed to treat inflammation and pain. Aspirin and several small molecule NSAIDs are known to inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2). Despite the success of NSAIDs to treat inflammatory disorders, the development of a clinically useful small molecule NSAIDs with decreased side effect profiles is an ongoing effort. The recent discovery and development of selective COX-2 inhibitors was a step toward this direction. Emerging trends are represented by the progress in the development of hybrid agents such as nitric oxide donor-NSAIDs (NO-NSAIDs) and dual COX/lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors. This review focuses on the recent advances in the rational design of small molecule NSAIDs in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P N Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W. Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada.
| | - Saad N Kabir
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W. Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Tarek Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W. Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 Canada
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