1
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Toro G, Cecere AB, Braile A, Cicco AD, Liguori S, Tarantino U, Iolascon G. New insights in lower limb reconstruction strategies. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231189008. [PMID: 37529331 PMCID: PMC10387789 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231189008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High Energy Musculoskeletal Traumas (HEMTs) represent a relevant problem for healthcare systems, considering the high social costs, and both the high morbidity and mortality. The poor outcomes associated with HEMT are related to the high incidence of complications, including bone infection, fracture malunion and non-union. The treatment of each of these complications could be extremely difficult. Limb reconstruction often needs multiple procedures, rising some questions on the opportunity in perseverate to try to save the affected limb. In fact, theoretically, amputation may guarantee better function and lower complications. However, amputation is not free of complication, and a high long-term social cost has been reported. A comprehensive literature review was performed to suggest possible ways to optimize the limb preservation surgeries of HEMT's complications in order to ameliorate their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Benedetto Cecere
- Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, San Giuliano Hospital, Giugliano in Campania, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa De Cicco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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2
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Gribble GW. Naturally Occurring Organohalogen Compounds-A Comprehensive Review. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 121:1-546. [PMID: 37488466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26629-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present volume is the third in a trilogy that documents naturally occurring organohalogen compounds, bringing the total number-from fewer than 25 in 1968-to approximately 8000 compounds to date. Nearly all of these natural products contain chlorine or bromine, with a few containing iodine and, fewer still, fluorine. Produced by ubiquitous marine (algae, sponges, corals, bryozoa, nudibranchs, fungi, bacteria) and terrestrial organisms (plants, fungi, bacteria, insects, higher animals) and universal abiotic processes (volcanos, forest fires, geothermal events), organohalogens pervade the global ecosystem. Newly identified extraterrestrial sources are also documented. In addition to chemical structures, biological activity, biohalogenation, biodegradation, natural function, and future outlook are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon W Gribble
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
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3
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Ebetino FH, Sun S, Cherian P, Roshandel S, Neighbors JD, Hu E, Dunford JE, Sedghizadeh PP, McKenna CE, Srinivasan V, Boeckman RK, Russell RGG. Bisphosphonates: The role of chemistry in understanding their biological actions and structure-activity relationships, and new directions for their therapeutic use. Bone 2022; 156:116289. [PMID: 34896359 PMCID: PMC11023620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bisphosphonates ((HO)2P(O)CR1R2P(O)(OH)2, BPs) were first shown to inhibit bone resorption in the 1960s, but it was not until 30 years later that a detailed molecular understanding of the relationship between their varied chemical structures and biological activity was elucidated. In the 1990s and 2000s, several potent bisphosphonates containing nitrogen in their R2 side chains (N-BPs) were approved for clinical use including alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate. These are now mostly generic drugs and remain the leading therapies for several major bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and skeletal-related events associated with bone metastases. The early development of chemistry in this area was largely empirical and only a few common structural features related to strong binding to calcium phosphate were clear. Attempts to further develop structure-activity relationships to explain more dramatic pharmacological differences in vivo at first appeared inconclusive, and evidence for mechanisms underlying cellular effects on osteoclasts and macrophages only emerged after many years of research. The breakthrough came when the intracellular actions on the osteoclast were first shown for the simpler bisphosphonates, via the in vivo formation of P-C-P derivatives of ATP. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a large number of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates in the 1980s and 1990s led to the key discovery that the antiresorptive effects of these more complex analogs on osteoclasts result mostly from their potency as inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS/FPPS). This key branch-point enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis is important for the generation of isoprenoid lipids that are utilized for the post-translational modification of small GTP-binding proteins essential for osteoclast function. Since then, it has become even more clear that the overall pharmacological effects of individual bisphosphonates on bone depend upon two key properties: the affinity for bone mineral and inhibitory effects on biochemical targets within bone cells, in particular FDPS. Detailed enzyme-ligand crystal structure analysis began in the early 2000s and advances in our understanding of the structure-activity relationships, based on interactions with this target within the mevalonate pathway and related enzymes in osteoclasts and other cells have continued to be the focus of research efforts to this day. In addition, while many members of the bisphosphonate drug class share common properties, now it is more clear that chemical modifications to create variations in these properties may allow customization of BPs for different uses. Thus, as the appreciation for new potential opportunities with this drug class grows, new chemistry to allow ready access to an ever-widening variety of bisphosphonates continues to be developed. Potential new uses of the calcium phosphate binding mechanism of bisphosphonates for the targeting of other drugs to the skeleton, and effects discovered on other cellular targets, even at non-skeletal sites, continue to intrigue scientists in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H Ebetino
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA; Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Shuting Sun
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA.
| | - Philip Cherian
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Hu
- BioVinc LLC, 2265 E. Foothill Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - James E Dunford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Parish P Sedghizadeh
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14617, USA
| | - R Graham G Russell
- Department of Oncology & Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK; Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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4
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Zheng Z, Yu C, Wei H. Injectable Hydrogels as Three-Dimensional Network Reservoirs for Osteoporosis Treatment. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 27:430-454. [PMID: 33086984 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progresses made in the field of tissue engineering over the past several decades, it remains a significant challenge for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP) due to the lack of appropriate carriers to improve the bioavailability of therapeutic agents and the unavailability of artificial bone matrix with desired properties for the replacement of damaged bone regions. Encouragingly, the development of injectable hydrogels for the treatment of OP has attracted increasing attention in recent years because they can serve either as a reservoir for various therapeutic species or as a perfect filler for bone injuries with irregular shapes. However, the relationship between the complicated pathological mechanism of OP and the properties of diverse polymeric materials lacks elucidation, which clearly hampers the clinical application of injectable hydrogels for the efficient treatment of OP. To clarify this relationship, this article summarized both localized and systematic treatment of OP using an injectable hydrogel-based strategy. Specifically, the pathogenesis of OP and the limitations of current treatment approaches were first analyzed. We further focused on the use of hydrogels loaded with various therapeutic substances following a classification standard of the encapsulated cargoes for OP treatment with an emphasis on the application and precautions of each category. A concluding remark on existing challenges and future directions of this rapidly developing research area was finally made. Impact statement Effective osteoporosis (OP) treatment remains a significant challenge due substantially to the unavailability of appropriate drug carriers and artificial matrices with desired properties to promote bone repair and replace damaged regions. For this purpose, this review focused on the development of diverse injectable hydrogel systems for the delivery of various therapeutic agents, including drugs, stem cells, and nucleic acids, for effective increase in bone mass and favorable osteogenesis. The summarized important guidelines are believed to promote clinical development and translation of hydrogels for the efficient treatment of OP and OP-related bone damages toward improved life quality of millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study and School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Cuiyun Yu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study and School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study and School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Nielsen JJ, Low SA. Bone-Targeting Systems to Systemically Deliver Therapeutics to Bone Fractures for Accelerated Healing. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:449-459. [PMID: 32860563 PMCID: PMC7560943 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Compared with the current standard of implanting bone anabolics for fracture repair, bone fracture-targeted anabolics would be more effective, less invasive, and less toxic and would allow for control over what phase of fracture healing is being affected. We therefore sought to identify the optimal bone-targeting molecule to allow for systemic administration of therapeutics to bone fractures. RECENT FINDINGS We found that many bone-targeting molecules exist, but most have been developed for the treatment of bone cancers, osteomyelitis, or osteoporosis. There are a few examples of bone-targeting ligands that have been developed for bone fractures that are selective for the bone fracture over the body and skeleton. Acidic oligopeptides have the ideal half-life, toxicity profile, and selectivity for a bone fracture-targeting ligand and are the most developed and promising of these bone fracture-targeting ligands. However, many other promising ligands have been developed that could be used for bone fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Nielsen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Stewart A Low
- Novosteo Inc., West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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6
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Xing L, Ebetino FH, Boeckman RK, Srinivasan V, Tao J, Sawyer TK, Li J, Yao Z, Boyce BF. Targeting anti-cancer agents to bone using bisphosphonates. Bone 2020; 138:115492. [PMID: 32585321 PMCID: PMC8485333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton is affected by numerous primary and metastatic solid and hematopoietic malignant tumors, which can cause localized sites of osteolysis or osteosclerosis that can weaken bones and increase the risk of fractures in affected patients. Chemotherapeutic drugs can eliminate some tumors in bones or reduce their volume and skeletal-related events, but adverse effects on non-target organs can significantly limit the amount of drug that can be administered to patients. In these circumstances, it may be impossible to deliver therapeutic drug concentrations to tumor sites in bones. One attractive mechanism to approach this challenge is to conjugate drugs to bisphosphonates, which can target them to bone where they can be released at diseased sites. Multiple attempts have been made to do this since the 1990s with limited degrees of success. Here, we review the results of pre-clinical and clinical studies made to target FDA-approved drugs and other antineoplastic small molecules to bone to treat diseases affecting the skeleton, including osteoporosis, metastatic bone disease, multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. Results to date are encouraging and indicate that drug efficacy can be increased and side effects reduced using these approaches. Despite these successes, challenges remain: no drugs have gone beyond small phase 2 clinical trials, and major pharmaceutical companies have shown little interest in the approach to repurpose any of their drugs or to embrace the technology. Nevertheless, interest shown by smaller biotechnology companies in the technology suggests that bone-targeting of drugs with bisphosphonates has a viable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA; BioVinc, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Zhenqiang Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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7
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Zeng Y, Hoque J, Varghese S. Biomaterial-assisted local and systemic delivery of bioactive agents for bone repair. Acta Biomater 2019; 93:152-168. [PMID: 30711659 PMCID: PMC6615988 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although bone tissues possess an intrinsic capacity for repair, there are cases where bone healing is either impaired or insufficient, such as fracture non-union, osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, and cancers. In these cases, treatments like surgical interventions are used, either alone or in combination with bioactive agents, to promote tissue repair and manage associated clinical complications. Improving the efficacy of bioactive agents often requires carriers, with biomaterials being a pivotal player. In this review, we discuss the role of biomaterials in realizing the local and systemic delivery of biomolecules to the bone tissue. The versatility of biomaterials enables design of carriers with the desired loading efficiency, release profile, and on-demand delivery. Besides local administration, systemic administration of drugs is necessary to combat diseases like osteoporosis, warranting bone-targeting drug delivery systems. Thus, chemical moieties with the affinity towards bone extracellular matrix components like apatite minerals have been widely utilized to create bone-targeting carriers with better biodistribution, which cannot be achieved by the drugs alone. Bone-targeting carriers combined with the desired drugs or bioactive agents have been extensively investigated to enhance bone healing while minimizing off-target effects. Herein, these advancements in the field have been systematically reviewed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Drug delivery is imperative when surgical interventions are not sufficient to address various bone diseases/defects. Biomaterial-assisted delivery systems have been designed to provide drugs with the desired loading efficiency, sustained release, and on-demand delivery to enhance bone healing. By surveying recent advances in the field, this review outlines the design of biomaterials as carriers for the local and systemic delivery of bioactive agents to the bone tissue. Particularly, biomaterials that bear chemical moieties with affinity to bone are attractive, as they can present the desired bioactive agents to the bone tissue efficiently and thus enhance the drug efficacy for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jiaul Hoque
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Shyni Varghese
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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8
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Masters EA, Trombetta RP, de Mesy Bentley KL, Boyce BF, Gill AL, Gill SR, Nishitani K, Ishikawa M, Morita Y, Ito H, Bello-Irizarry SN, Ninomiya M, Brodell JD, Lee CC, Hao SP, Oh I, Xie C, Awad HA, Daiss JL, Owen JR, Kates SL, Schwarz EM, Muthukrishnan G. Evolving concepts in bone infection: redefining "biofilm", "acute vs. chronic osteomyelitis", "the immune proteome" and "local antibiotic therapy". Bone Res 2019; 7:20. [PMID: 31646012 PMCID: PMC6804538 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bone. While the frequency of infection following elective orthopedic surgery is low, rates of reinfection are disturbingly high. Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for the majority of chronic osteomyelitis cases and is often considered to be incurable due to bacterial persistence deep within bone. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on clinical classifications of osteomyelitis and the ensuing treatment algorithm. Given the high patient morbidity, mortality, and economic burden caused by osteomyelitis, it is important to elucidate mechanisms of bone infection to inform novel strategies for prevention and curative treatment. Recent discoveries in this field have identified three distinct reservoirs of bacterial biofilm including: Staphylococcal abscess communities in the local soft tissue and bone marrow, glycocalyx formation on implant hardware and necrotic tissue, and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network (OLCN) of cortical bone. In contrast, S. aureus intracellular persistence in bone cells has not been substantiated in vivo, which challenges this mode of chronic osteomyelitis. There have also been major advances in our understanding of the immune proteome against S. aureus, from clinical studies of serum antibodies and media enriched for newly synthesized antibodies (MENSA), which may provide new opportunities for osteomyelitis diagnosis, prognosis, and vaccine development. Finally, novel therapies such as antimicrobial implant coatings and antibiotic impregnated 3D-printed scaffolds represent promising strategies for preventing and managing this devastating disease. Here, we review these recent advances and highlight translational opportunities towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysia A Masters
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ryan P Trombetta
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Karen L de Mesy Bentley
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Ann Lindley Gill
- 5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Steven R Gill
- 5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Kohei Nishitani
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ishikawa
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yugo Morita
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- 6Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sheila N Bello-Irizarry
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Mark Ninomiya
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - James D Brodell
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Charles C Lee
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Stephanie P Hao
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Irvin Oh
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Chao Xie
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John L Daiss
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - John R Owen
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Stephen L Kates
- 7Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Edward M Schwarz
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,5Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
| | - Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan
- 1Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA.,4Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY USA
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9
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Romanenko VD. α-Heteroatom-substituted gem-Bisphosphonates: Advances in the Synthesis and Prospects for Biomedical Application. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190401141844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized gem-bisphosphonic acid derivatives being pyrophosphate isosteres are of great synthetic and biological interest since they are currently the most important class of drugs developed for the treatment of diseases associated with the disorder of calcium metabolism, including osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and hypercalcemia. In this article, we will try to give an in-depth overview of the methods for obtaining α- heteroatom-substituted methylenebisphosphonates and acquaint the reader with the synthetic strategies that are used to develop biologically important compounds of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Romanenko
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1-Murmanska Street, Kyiv-94, 02660, Ukraine
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10
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Wang X, Zhang C, Ma Q, Xiao W, Guo L, Wu Y. An effective method for bisphosphonate moiety inserting into O–H bond of carboxylic acids by Cu (II) catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Rotman SG, Grijpma DW, Richards RG, Moriarty TF, Eglin D, Guillaume O. Drug delivery systems functionalized with bone mineral seeking agents for bone targeted therapeutics. J Control Release 2017; 269:88-99. [PMID: 29127000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The systemic administration of drugs to treat bone diseases is often associated with poor uptake of the drug in the targeted tissue, potential systemic toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. In order to overcome these limitations, many micro- and nano-sized drug carriers have been developed for the treatment of bone pathologies that exhibit specific affinity for bone. Drug carriers can be functionalized with bone mineral seekers (BMS), creating a targeted drug delivery system (DDS) which is able to bind to bone and release therapeutics directly at the site of interest. This class of advanced DDS is of tremendous interest due to their strong affinity to bone, with great expectation to treat life-threatening bone disorders such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma or even osteoporosis. In this review, we first explain the mechanisms behind the affinity of several well-known BMS to bone, and then we present several effective approaches allowing the incorporation BMS into advanced DDS. Finally, we report the therapeutic applications of BMS based DDS under development or already established. Understanding the mechanisms behind the biological activity of recently developed BMS and their integration into advanced therapeutic delivery systems are essential prerequisites for further development of bone-targeting therapies with optimal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Rotman
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland; MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - D W Grijpma
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - D Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, Switzerland
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12
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Ford CA, Cassat JE. Advances in the local and targeted delivery of anti-infective agents for management of osteomyelitis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2017; 15:851-860. [PMID: 28837368 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2017.1372192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteomyelitis, a common and debilitating invasive infection of bone, is a frequent complication following orthopedic surgery and causes pathologic destruction of skeletal tissues. Bone destruction during osteomyelitis results in necrotic tissue, which is poorly penetrated by antibiotics and can serve as a nidus for relapsing infection. Osteomyelitis therefore frequently necessitates surgical debridement procedures, which provide a unique opportunity for targeted delivery of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies. Areas covered: Following surgical debridement, tissue voids require implanted materials to facilitate the healing process. Antibiotic-loaded, non-biodegradable implants have been the standard of care. However, a new generation of biodegradable, osteoconductive materials are being developed. Additionally, in the face of widespread antimicrobial resistance, alternative therapies to traditional antibiotic regimens are being investigated, including bone targeting compounds, antimicrobial surface modifications of orthopedic implants, and anti-virulence strategies. Expert commentary: Recent advances in biodegradable drug delivery scaffolds make this technology an attractive alternative to traditional techniques for orthopedic infection that require secondary operations for removal. Advances in novel treatment methods are expanding the arsenal of viable antimicrobial treatment strategies in the face of widespread drug resistance. Despite a need for large scale clinical investigations, these strategies offer hope for future treatment of this difficult invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Ford
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - James E Cassat
- b Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Biomedical Engineering , Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
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Sedghizadeh PP, Sun S, Junka AF, Richard E, Sadrerafi K, Mahabady S, Bakhshalian N, Tjokro N, Bartoszewicz M, Oleksy M, Szymczyk P, Lundy MW, Neighbors JD, Russell RGG, McKenna CE, Ebetino FH. Design, Synthesis, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of a Novel Bone-Targeting Bisphosphonate-Ciprofloxacin Conjugate for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis Biofilms. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2326-2343. [PMID: 28121436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a major problem worldwide and is devastating due to the potential for limb-threatening sequelae and mortality. Osteomyelitis pathogens are bone-attached biofilms, making antibiotic delivery challenging. Here we describe a novel osteoadsorptive bisphosphonate-ciprofloxacin conjugate (BV600022), utilizing a "target and release" chemical strategy, which demonstrated a significantly enhanced therapeutic index versus ciprofloxacin for the treatment of osteomyelitis in vivo. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the conjugate against common osteomyelitis pathogens revealed an effective bactericidal profile and sustained release of the parent antibiotic over time. Efficacy and safety were demonstrated in an animal model of periprosthetic osteomyelitis, where a single dose of 10 mg/kg (15.6 μmol/kg) conjugate reduced the bacterial load by 99% and demonstrated nearly an order of magnitude greater activity than the parent antibiotic ciprofloxacin (30 mg/kg, 90.6 μmol/kg) given in multiple doses. Conjugates incorporating a bisphosphonate and an antibiotic for bone-targeted delivery to treat osteomyelitis biofilm pathogens constitute a promising approach to providing high bone-antimicrobial potency while minimizing systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuting Sun
- BioVinc, LLC , Pasadena, California 91107, United States
| | - Adam F Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University , Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | - Eric Richard
- BioVinc, LLC , Pasadena, California 91107, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Marzenna Bartoszewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University , Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | - Monika Oleksy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University , Wroclaw 50-367, Poland
| | - Patrycja Szymczyk
- Centre for Advanced Manufacturing Technologies, Wrocław University of Technology , Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Mark W Lundy
- BioVinc, LLC , Pasadena, California 91107, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Neighbors
- BioVinc, LLC , Pasadena, California 91107, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
| | - R Graham G Russell
- The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LD, United Kingdom.,The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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14
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Chmielewska E, Kafarski P. Synthetic Procedures Leading towards Aminobisphosphonates. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111474. [PMID: 27827924 PMCID: PMC6273145 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing interest in the biological activity of aminobisphosphonates has stimulated the development of methods for their synthesis. Although several general procedures were previously elaborated to reach this goal, aminobisphosphonate chemistry is still developing quite substantially. Thus, innovative modifications of the existing commonly used reactions, as well as development of new procedures, are presented in this review, concentrating on recent achievements. Additionally, selected examples of aminobisphosphonate derivatization illustrate their usefulness for obtaining new diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Chmielewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
| | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław 50-370, Poland.
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15
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Cole LE, Vargo-Gogola T, Roeder RK. Targeted delivery to bone and mineral deposits using bisphosphonate ligands. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 99:12-27. [PMID: 26482186 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The high concentration of mineral present in bone and pathological calcifications is unique compared with all other tissues and thus provides opportunity for targeted delivery of pharmaceutical drugs, including radiosensitizers and imaging probes. Targeted delivery enables accumulation of a high local dose of a therapeutic or imaging contrast agent to diseased bone or pathological calcifications. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most widely utilized bone-targeting ligand due to exhibiting high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite mineral. BPs can be conjugated to an agent that would otherwise have little or no affinity for the sites of interest. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge and practice for the use of BPs as ligands for targeted delivery to bone and mineral deposits. The clinical history of BPs is briefly summarized to emphasize the success of these molecules as therapeutics for metabolic bone diseases. Mechanisms of binding and the relative binding affinity of various BPs to bone mineral are introduced, including common methods for measuring binding affinity in vitro and in vivo. Current research is highlighted for the use of BP ligands for targeted delivery of BP conjugates in various applications, including (1) therapeutic drug delivery for metabolic bone diseases, bone cancer, other bone diseases, and engineered drug delivery platforms; (2) imaging probes for scintigraphy, fluorescence, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography; and (3) radiotherapy. Last, and perhaps most importantly, key structure-function relationships are considered for the design of drugs with BP ligands, including the tether length between the BP and drug, the size of the drug, the number of BP ligands per drug, cleavable tethers between the BP and drug, and conjugation schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Cole
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Tracy Vargo-Gogola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Ryan K Roeder
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States.
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Kuźnik A, Mazurkiewicz R, Grymel M, Zielińska K, Adamek J, Chmielewska E, Bochno M, Kubica S. A new method for the synthesis of α-aminoalkylidenebisphosphonates and their asymmetric phosphonyl-phosphinyl and phosphonyl-phosphinoyl analogues. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:1418-24. [PMID: 26425197 PMCID: PMC4578414 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A convenient approach has been developed to α-aminoalkylidenebisphosphonates and their asymmetric phosphonyl-phosphinyl and phosphonyl-phosphinoyl analogues by α-phosphonylation, α-phosphinylation or α-phosphinoylation of 1-(N-acylamino)alkylphosphonates, that, in turn, are easily accessible from N-acyl-α-amino acids. Effective electrophilic activation of the α-position of 1-(N-acetylamino)alkylphosphonates was achieved by electrochemical α-methoxylation of these compounds in methanol, mediated with NaCl, followed by displacement of the methoxy group with triphenylphosphonium tetrafluoroborate to give hitherto unknown 1-(N-acetylamino)-1-triphenylphosphoniumalkylphosphonate tetrafluoroborates. The latter compounds react smoothly with trialkyl phosphites, dialkyl phosphonites or alkyl phosphinites in the presence of Hünig's base and methyltriphenylphosphonium iodide in a Michaelis-Arbuzov-like reaction to give the expected alkylidenebisphosphonates, 1-phosphinylalkylphosphonates or 1-phosphinoylalkylphosphonates, respectively, in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kuźnik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Roman Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mirosława Grymel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zielińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Jakub Adamek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Chmielewska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Bochno
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sonia Kubica
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Zhou J, Fang T, Wang Y, Dong J. The controlled release of vancomycin in gelatin/β-TCP composite scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2295-301. [PMID: 22499502 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis remains a difficult infection to treat for orthopaedic surgeons regardless of the continuous advances in surgical techniques and antimicrobial agents. The controlled release of vancomycin from local delivery system is a promising method for eliminating infection. In this study, biodegradable gelatin sponge containing different contents of β-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β-TCP) was prepared for the controlled-release of vancomycin. We aimed to confirm the composite scaffolds could be used as a vancomycin sustained-release system. Examinations of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, and in vivo drug release were performed. The results showed that the composite scaffolds could achieve local therapeutic drug levels over an extended duration. Taking consideration of porosity, interconnection, mechanical properties, and controlled release performance, the composite gelatin scaffold containing 30% β-TCP granules may be a good candidate for the controlled release of vancomycin in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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18
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Pignatello R, Sarpietro MG, Castelli F. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new polymeric conjugate and nanocarrier with osteotropic properties. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:79-99. [PMID: 24956517 PMCID: PMC4031017 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-seeking (osteotropic) drug delivery systems (ODDS) represent an interesting solution for targeting different types of drugs to the bones. In particular, anticancer and antibacterial agents could take advantage of such therapeutic strategy. We have recently developed an innovative approach to this aim: a new osteotropic biomaterial was prepared, based on the conjugation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with the bisphosphonate drug alendronate (PLGA-ALE); its hemo- and cytocompatibility were verified. Starting with this copolymer, an osteotropic nanoparticle system (NP) was produced for the targeted delivery of antineoplastic drugs to osteolytic bone metastases; in particular, doxorubicin was tested as a model drug. The in vitro and in vivo results of the new ODDS are validated in this article. All the experimental data confirmed that the drug retained its activity after loading in the PLGA-ALE NP; they can be thus considered a new promising strategy for active targeting of drugs to bone tissues in different pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Pignatello
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Sarpietro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
| | - Francesco Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, viale A. Doria 6, Catania I-95125, Italy.
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Vancomycin containing PLLA/β-TCP controls MRSA in vitro. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2011; 469:3222-8. [PMID: 21918801 PMCID: PMC3183185 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-2082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteomyelitis caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) often requires surgery and prolonged systemic antibiotic treatment. Local antibiotic delivery systems of bioceramics or polymers have been developed to treat osteomyelitis. A disadvantage of biodegradable polymers is the initial burst of antibiotics into the environment; one advantage of bioceramics is its osteoconductivity. We therefore developed a vancomycin-containing poly-l-lactic acid/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) composite to control antibiotic release and stimulate bone formation. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We (1) characterized these composites, (2) assessed vancomycin release in inhibitory doses, and (3) determined whether they would permit cell adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization in vitro. METHODS We molded 250 vancomycin-containing (VC) and 125 vancomycin-free (VUC) composites using PLLA, β-TCP, and chloroform. One hundred twenty-five VC composites were further dip-coated with PLLA (CVC) to delay antibiotic release. Composites were characterized according to their pore structure, size, volume, density, and surface area. Vancomycin release and bioactivity were determined. Adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization were assessed for two and three replicates on Days 3 and 7 with mesenchymal stem (MSC) and Saos type 2 cells. RESULTS Pore size, volume, apparent density, and surface area of the CVC were 3.5 ± 1.9 μm, 0.005 ± 0.002 cm(3)/g, 1.18 g/cm(3) and 3.68 m(2)/g, respectively. CVC released 1.71 ± 0.13 mg (63.1%) and 2.49 ± 0.64 mg (91.9%) of its vancomycin on Day 1 and Week 6, respectively. MSC and Saos type 2 cells attached and proliferated on composites on Days 3 and 7. CONCLUSIONS Vancomycin-containing PLLA/β-TCP composites release antibiotics in inhibitory doses after dip coating and appeared biocompatible based on adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vancomycin-containing PLLA/β-TCP composites may be useful for controlling MRSA but will require in vivo confirmation.
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Mucha A, Kafarski P, Berlicki Ł. Remarkable potential of the α-aminophosphonate/phosphinate structural motif in medicinal chemistry. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5955-80. [PMID: 21780776 DOI: 10.1021/jm200587f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Ouyang L, He D, Zhang J, He G, Jiang B, Wang Q, Chen Z, Pan J, Li Y, Guo L. Selective bone targeting 5-fluorouracil prodrugs: Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3750-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Zhou J, Fang T, Wen J, Shao Z, Dong J. Silk coating on poly(ε-caprolactone) microspheres for the delayed release of vancomycin. J Microencapsul 2011; 28:99-107. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2010.534824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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