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Gao ZX, Wang H, Su AH, Li QY, Liang Z, Zhang YQ, Liu XY, Zhu MZ, Zhang HX, Hou YT, Li X, Sun LR, Li J, Xu ZJ, Lou HX. Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensilin, Platensimycin, Platencin, and Their Analogs via a Bioinspired Skeletal Reconstruction Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18967-18978. [PMID: 38973592 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Platensilin, platensimycin, and platencin are potent inhibitors of β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (FabF) in the bacterial and mammalian fatty acid synthesis system, presenting promising drug leads for both antibacterial and antidiabetic therapies. Herein, a bioinspired skeleton reconstruction approach is reported, which enables the unified synthesis of these three natural FabF inhibitors and their skeletally diverse analogs, all stemming from a common ent-pimarane core. The synthesis features a diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to prepare the common ent-pimarane core. From this intermediate, stereoselective Mn-catalyzed hydrogen atom-transfer hydrogenation and subsequent Cu-catalyzed carbenoid C-H insertion afford platensilin. Furthermore, the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction succeeded by regioselective ring opening of the newly formed cyclopropane enables the construction of the bicyclo[3.2.1]-octane and bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane ring systems of platensimycin and platencin, respectively. This skeletal reconstruction approach of the ent-pimarane core facilitates the preparation of analogs bearing different polycyclic scaffolds. Among these analogs, the previously unexplored cyclopropyl analog 47 exhibits improved antibacterial activity (MIC80 = 0.0625 μg/mL) against S. aureus compared to platensimycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Xu Gao
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Hong Su
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Ying Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Qing Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yuan Liu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Zhu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Hou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Institute of Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 6699, Qingdao Rd, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Long-Ru Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 429, Zhangheng Rd, Shanghai 200213, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Xu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xiang Lou
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44, Wenhuaxi Rd, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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Shinde R, Suvarna V. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: An Updated Review on KAS Inhibitors. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2022; 19:e110122200137. [PMID: 35021976 DOI: 10.2174/1570163819666220111113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the early twentieth century, with the isolation of penicillin and streptomycin in the 1940s, the modern era of anti-infective drug development has gained momentum. Due to the enormous success of early drug discovery, many infectious diseases were successfully prevented and eradicated. However, this initial hope was wrongheaded, and pathogens evolved as a significant threat to human health. Drug resistance develops as a result of natural selection's relentless pressure, necessitating the identification of new drug targets and the creation of chemotherapeutics that bypass existing drug resistance mechanisms. Fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) is a crucial metabolic mechanism for bacteria during their growth and development. Several crucial enzymes involved in this biosynthetic pathway have been identified as potential targets for new antibacterial agents. In Escherichia coli (E. coli), this pathway has been extensively investigated. The present review focuses on progress in the development of Kas A, Kas B, and Fab H inhibitors as mono-therapeutic antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Shinde
- Department of Quality Assurance, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai, India
| | - Vasanti Suvarna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Mumbai, India
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Zhang Y, Wong HN, Wu XY, Han J. Chiral iminophosphorane catalyzed asymmetric sulfenylation of 2-substituted alkylcyanoacetates. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Deng Y, Weng X, Li Y, Su M, Wen Z, Ji X, Ren N, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Late-Stage Functionalization of Platensimycin Leading to Multiple Analogues with Improved Antibacterial Activity in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6682-6693. [PMID: 31265289 PMCID: PMC6755679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial fatty acid synthases are promising antibacterial targets against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Platensimycin (PTM) is a potent FabB/FabF inhibitor, while its poor pharmacokinetics hampers the clinical development. In this study, a focused library of PTM derivatives was prepared through thiolysis of PTM oxirane (1), followed by various C-C cross-coupling reactions in high yields. Antibacterial screening of these compounds in vitro yielded multiple hits with improved anti-Staphylococcus activities over PTM. Among them, compounds A1, A3, A17, and A28 exhibited improved antibacterial activities over PTM against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a mouse peritonitis model. Compound A28 was further shown to be effective against MRSA infection in a mouse wound model, in comparison to mupirocin. Therefore, the facile preparation and screening of these PTM derivatives, together with their potent antibacterial activities in vivo, suggest a promising strategy to improve the antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetic properties of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xiang Weng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xinxin Ji
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Nan Ren
- Xiangya Hospital , Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410008 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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5
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Su M, Qiu L, Deng Y, Ruiz CH, Rudolf JD, Dong LB, Feng X, Cameron MD, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Evaluation of Platensimycin and Platensimycin-Inspired Thioether Analogues against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Topical and Systemic Infection Mouse Models. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3065-3071. [PMID: 31244223 PMCID: PMC6763203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens causing hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-formed biofilms in wounds are difficult to treat with conventional antibiotics. By targeting FabB/FabF of bacterial fatty acid synthases, platensimycin (PTM) was discovered to act as a promising natural antibiotic against MRSA infections. In this study, PTM and its previously synthesized sulfur-Michael derivative PTM-2t could reduce over 95% biofilm formation by S. aureus ATCC 29213 when used at 2 μg/mL in vitro. Topical application of ointments containing PTM or PTM-2t (2 × 4 mg/day/mouse) was successfully used to treat MRSA infections in a BABL/c mouse burn wound model. As a potential prodrug lead, PTM-2t showed improved in vivo efficacy in a mouse peritonitis model compared with PTM. Our study suggests that PTM and its analogue may be used topically or locally to treat bacterial infections. In addition, the use of prodrug strategies might be instrumental to improve the poor pharmacokinetic properties of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Claudia H. Ruiz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Rudolf
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Liao-Bin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xueqiong Feng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Michael D. Cameron
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
- Department of Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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6
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Deng Y, Su M, Kang D, Liu X, Wen Z, Li Y, Qiu L, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis of Platensimycin Derivatives with Antibiotic Activities in Mice via Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Med Chem 2018; 61:11341-11348. [PMID: 30461269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM), originally isolated from soil bacteria Streptomyces platensis, is a potent FabF inhibitor against many Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. However, the further clinical development of PTM is hampered by its poor pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, 20 PTM derivatives were prepared by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by Pd (0)/C. Compared to PTM, 6-pyrenyl PTM (6t) showed improved antibacterial activity against MRSA in a mouse peritonitis model. Our results support the strategy to target the essential fatty acid synthases in major pathogens, in order to discover and develop new generations of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Meng Su
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Zhongqing Wen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Yuling Li
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China
| | | | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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7
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Tian K, Deng Y, Qiu L, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. Semisynthesis and Biological Evaluation of Platensimycin Analogues with Varying Aminobenzoic Acids. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12625-12629. [PMID: 32232122 PMCID: PMC7105086 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Platensimycin (PTM) is an excellent natural product drug lead against various gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. In this study, twenty PTM derivatives with varying aminobenzoic acids were semisynthesized. In contrast to all the previous reported inactive aminobenzaote analogues, a few of them showed moderate antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Our study suggested that modification of the conserved aminobenzoic acid remains a viable approach to diversify the PTM scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Lin Qiu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Ben Shen
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458 (USA)
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013 (China)
- National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery, Changsha, Hunan 410205 (China)
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8
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Deng Y, Kang D, Shi J, Zhou W, Sun A, Ju J, Zhu X, Shen B, Duan Y, Huang Y. The semi-synthesis, biological evaluation and docking analysis of the oxime, hydrazine and hydrazide derivatives of platensimycin. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:789-794. [PMID: 30108968 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00081f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A dozen oxime, hydrazine and hydrazide derivatives of platensimycin (PTM) analogues were synthesized, some of which showed strong antibacterial activities and were shown to be stable under the bioassay conditions. Docking analysis revealed that they have certain new interactions with β-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase II (FabF), suggesting that Schiff base formation on its terpene scaffold is an effective strategy to diversify PTM structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchao Deng
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Dingding Kang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Jie Shi
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ;
| | - Aijun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China
| | - Jianhua Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology , Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica , RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology , South China Sea Institute of Oceanology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 164 West Xingang Road , Guangzhou 510301 , China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhu
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Ben Shen
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, and Natural Products Library Initiative at The Scripps Research Institute , The Scripps Research Institute , Jupiter , Florida 33458 , USA .
| | - Yanwen Duan
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Natural Product Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China.,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
| | - Yong Huang
- Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine at Central South University , Changsha , Hunan 410013 , China . ; .,National Engineering Research Center of Combinatorial Biosynthesis for Drug Discovery , Changsha , Hunan 410011 , China
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10
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New antibiotics from Nature’s chemical inventory. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6227-6252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Platensimycin and platencin: Inspirations for chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:139-151. [PMID: 27865713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have served as the main source of drugs and drug leads, and natural products produced by microorganisms are one of the most prevalent sources of clinical antibiotics. Their unparalleled structural and chemical diversities provide a basis to investigate fundamental biological processes while providing access to a tremendous amount of chemical space. There is a pressing need for novel antibiotics with new mode of actions to combat the growing challenge of multidrug resistant pathogens. This review begins with the pioneering discovery and biological activities of platensimycin (PTM) and platencin (PTN), two antibacterial natural products isolated from Streptomyces platensis. The elucidation of their unique biochemical mode of action, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacokinetics is presented to highlight key aspects of their biological activities. It then presents an overview of how microbial genomics has impacted the field of PTM and PTN and revealed paradigm-shifting discoveries in terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and antibiotic and antidiabetic therapies. It concludes with a discussion covering the future perspectives of PTM and PTN in regard to natural products discovery, bacterial diterpenoid biosynthesis, and the pharmaceutical promise of PTM and PTN as antibiotics and for the treatment of metabolic disorders. PTM and PTN have inspired new discoveries in chemistry, biology, enzymology, and medicine and will undoubtedly continue to do so.
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A Review on Platensimycin: A Selective FabF Inhibitor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:9706753. [PMID: 26942008 PMCID: PMC4749828 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9706753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging resistance to existing antibiotics is an inevitable matter of concern in the treatment of bacterial infection. Naturally occurring unique class of natural antibiotic, platensimycin, a secondary metabolite from Streptomyces platensis, is an excellent breakthrough in recent antibiotic research with unique structural pattern and significant antibacterial activity. β-Ketoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein (ACP)) synthase (FabF) whose Gram-positive bacteria need to biosynthesize cell membranes is the target of inhibition of platensimycin. So, isolation, retrosynthetic analysis, synthesis of platensimycin, and analogues of platensimycin synthesized till today are the objectives of this review which may be helpful to further investigate and to reveal untouched area on this molecule and to obtain a potential antibacterial lead with enhanced significant antibacterial activity.
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References. Antibiotics (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819316.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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14
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Ford A, Miel H, Ring A, Slattery CN, Maguire AR, McKervey MA. Modern Organic Synthesis with α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Chem Rev 2015; 115:9981-10080. [PMID: 26284754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1093] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugues Miel
- Almac Discovery Ltd. , David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - M Anthony McKervey
- Almac Sciences Ltd. , Almac House, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
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Krauß J, Plesch E, Clausen S, Bracher F. Short and Efficient Synthesis of Alkyl- and Aryl-Ortho-Hydroxy-Anilides and their Antibiotic Activity. Sci Pharm 2015; 82:501-17. [PMID: 25853064 PMCID: PMC4318158 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1401-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ortho-hydroxy-anilides are part of natural products like the new antibiotics platencin (A) and platensimycin (B). An important step in the total synthesis of these antibiotics or their derivatives is the preparation of the o-hydroxy-anilide partial structure. The presented method allows the preparation of o-hydroxy-anilides and o-dihydroxy-anilides from 2-nitrophenol esters in a one-step synthesis without protecting the hydroxy group. Aryl- and alkyl-anilides were prepared following this method as simple analogues of platensimycin (A). The resulting compounds were tested in an agar diffusion assay for their antibiotic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Krauß
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Clausen
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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16
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Eey STC, Lear MJ. Total Synthesis of (−)-Platensimycin by Advancing Oxocarbenium- and Iminium-Mediated Catalytic Methods. Chemistry 2014; 20:11556-73. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Allahverdiyev AM, Bagirova M, Abamor ES, Ates SC, Koc RC, Miraloglu M, Elcicek S, Yaman S, Unal G. The use of platensimycin and platencin to fight antibiotic resistance. Infect Drug Resist 2013; 6:99-114. [PMID: 24082790 PMCID: PMC3785399 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are known as one of the most life-threatening disabilities worldwide. Approximately 13 million deaths related to infectious diseases are reported each year. The only way to combat infectious diseases is by chemotherapy using antimicrobial agents and antibiotics. However, due to uncontrolled and unnecessary use of antibiotics in particular, surviving bacteria have evolved resistance against several antibiotics. Emergence of multidrug resistance in bacteria over the past several decades has resulted in one of the most important clinical health problems in modern medicine. For instance, approximately 440,000 new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are reported every year leading to the deaths of 150,000 people worldwide. Management of multidrug resistance requires understanding its molecular basis and the evolution and dissemination of resistance; development of new antibiotic compounds in place of traditional antibiotics; and innovative strategies for extending the life of antibiotic molecules. Researchers have begun to develop new antimicrobials for overcoming this important problem. Recently, platensimycin - isolated from extracts of Streptomyces platensis - and its analog platencin have been defined as promising agents for fighting multidrug resistance. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these new antimicrobials have great potential to inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae by targeting type II fatty acid synthesis in bacteria. Showing strong efficacy without any observed in vivo toxicity increases the significance of these antimicrobial agents for their use in humans. However, at the present time, clinical trials are insufficient and require more research. The strong antibacterial efficacies of platensimycin and platencin may be established in clinical trials and their use in humans for coping with multidrug resistance may be allowed in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melahat Bagirova
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Sefik Abamor
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezen Canim Ates
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Cakir Koc
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Miraloglu
- Vocational School of Health Services, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Serhat Elcicek
- Department of Bioengineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yaman
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokce Unal
- Department of Bioengineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Zhu L, Zhou C, Yang W, He S, Cheng GJ, Zhang X, Lee CS. Formal Syntheses of (±)-Platensimycin and (±)-Platencin via a Dual-Mode Lewis Acid Induced Cascade Cyclization Approach. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7912-29. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401105q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Congshan Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuzhong He
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chi-Sing Lee
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics,
School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen University
Town, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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19
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Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as anti-infective, anticancer and anti-obesity drugs. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1113-51. [PMID: 22709254 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large range of diseases, such diabetes and cancer, which are connected to abnormal fatty acid metabolism in human cells. Therefore, inhibitors of human fatty acid synthase have great potential to manage or treat these diseases. In prokaryotes, fatty acid synthesis is important for signaling, as well as providing starting materials for the synthesis of phospholipids, which are required for the formation of the cell membrane. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development of new molecules that target bacterial fatty acid synthases for the treatment of bacterial diseases. In this review, we look at the differences and similarities between fatty acid synthesis in humans and bacteria and highlight various small molecules that have been shown to inhibit either the mammalian or bacterial fatty acid synthase or both.
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20
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Krsta D, Ku CK, Crosby IT, Capuano B, Manallack DT. Simplified platensimycin analogues as antibacterial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md00252c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Wenzel M, Bandow JE. Proteomic signatures in antibiotic research. Proteomics 2011; 11:3256-68. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis of Optically Active Ferrocene-Containing Platensimycin Derivatives with a C6-C7 Substitution Pattern. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Zhang C, Ondeyka J, Herath K, Jayasuriya H, Guan Z, Zink DL, Dietrich L, Burgess B, Ha SN, Wang J, Singh SB. Platensimycin and platencin congeners from Streptomyces platensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:329-340. [PMID: 21214253 DOI: 10.1021/np100635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Platensimycin (1a) and platencin (2) are inhibitors of FabF and FabF/H bacterial fatty acid synthase. The discovery of natural congeners is an approach that can render a better understanding of the structure-function relationships of complex natural products. The isolation and structure elucidation of nine new congeners (11-20) of platensimycin and platencin are described from a fermentation broth of Streptomyces platensis. These hydroxylated congeners are likely derived by cytochrome P450 oxidation of the terpenoid units post-cyclization. Polar groups in the terpenoid portion of the molecule produce negative interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of FabF, resulting in poor activities. However, the discovery of these compounds serves an important purpose, not only to understand structure-function relationships, which cannot be easily accessed by chemical modification, but also to provide access to compounds that could be used for structural identification/confirmation of the oxidative trace metabolites produced in vivo during animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA
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24
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Wang J, Sintim HO. Dialkylamino-2,4-dihydroxybenzoic Acids as Easily Synthesized Analogues of Platensimycin and Platencin with Comparable Antibacterial Properties. Chemistry 2011; 17:3352-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Hirai S, Nakada M. Enantioselective divergent approaches to both (−)-platensimycin and (−)-platencin. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Saleem M, Hussain H, Ahmed I, van Ree T, Krohn K. Platensimycin and its relatives: A recent story in the struggle to develop new naturally derived antibiotics. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:1534-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c1np00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Patra M, Gasser G, Wenzel M, Merz K, Bandow JE, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ferrocene-Containing Bioorganometallics Inspired by the Antibiotic Platensimycin Lead Structure. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100614c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Merz
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Julia E. Bandow
- Lehrstuhl für Biologie der Mikroorganismen, Fakultät für Biologie und Biotechnologie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Gebäude NC 3 Nord, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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