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Narayanankutty A. Phytochemicals as PI3K/ Akt/ mTOR Inhibitors and Their Role in Breast Cancer Treatment. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 15:188-199. [PMID: 32914720 DOI: 10.2174/1574892815666200910164641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the predominant form of cancer in women; various cellular pathways are involved in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Among the various types of breast cancer that differ in their growth factor receptor status, PI3K/Akt signaling is a common pathway where all these converge. Thus, the PI3K signaling is of great interest as a target for breast cancer prevention; however, it is less explored. OBJECTIVE The present review is aimed to provide a concise outline of the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in breast carcinogenesis and its progression events, including metastasis, drug resistance and stemness. The review emphasizes the role of natural and synthetic inhibitors of PI3K/Akt/m- TOR pathway in breast cancer prevention. METHODS The data were obtained from PubMed/Medline databases, Scopus and Google patent literature. RESULTS PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling plays an important role in human breast carcinogenesis; it acts on the initiation and progression events associated with it. Numerous molecules have been isolated and identified as promising drug candidates by targeting the signaling pathway. Results from clinical studies confirm their application in the treatment of human breast cancer alone and in combination with classical chemotherapeutics as well as monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION PI3K/mTOR signaling blockers have evolved as promising anticancer agents by interfering breast cancer development and progression at various stages. Natural products and bioactive components are emerging as novel inhibitors of PI3K signaling and more research in this area may yield numerous drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Post Graduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Kerala, India
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Song F, Bian Y, Liu J, Li Z, Zhao L, Fang J, Lai Y, Zhou M. Indole Alkaloids, Synthetic Dimers and Hybrids with Potential In Vivo Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:377-403. [PMID: 32901583 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200908162311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Indole, a heterocyclic organic compound, is one of the most promising heterocycles found in natural and synthetic sources since its derivatives possess fascinating structural diversity and various therapeutic properties. Indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids could act on diverse targets in cancer cells, and consequently, possess potential antiproliferative effects on various cancers both in vitro and in vivo. Vinblastine, midostaurin, and anlotinib as the representative of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids respectively, have already been clinically applied to treat many types of cancers, demonstrating indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids are useful scaffolds for the development of novel anticancer agents. Covering articles published between 2010 and 2020, this review emphasizes the recent development of indole alkaloids, synthetic dimers and hybrids with potential in vivo therapeutic application for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Song
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yunqiang Bian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Junman Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghong Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
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3
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Chen Y, Zhou X. Research progress of mTOR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112820. [PMID: 32966896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein family. mTOR exists as two types of protein complex: mTORC1 and mTORC2, which act as central controller regulating processes of cell metabolism, growth, proliferation, survival and autophagy. The mTOR inhibitors block mTOR signaling pathway, producing anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, autophagy and apoptosis induction effects, thus mTOR inhibitors are mainly used in cancer therapy. At present, mTOR inhibitors are divided into four categories: Antibiotic allosteric mTOR inhibitors (first generation), ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors (second generation), mTOR/PI3K dual inhibitors (second generation) and other new mTOR inhibitors (third generation). In this article, these four categories of mTOR inhibitors and their structures, properties and some clinical researches will be introduced. Among them, we focus on the structure of mTOR inhibitors and try to analyze the structure-activity relationship. mTOR inhibitors are classified according to their chemical structure and their contents are introduced systematically. Moreover, some natural products that have direct or indirect mTOR inhibitory activities are introduced together. In this article, we analyzed the target, binding mode and structure-activity relationship of each generation of mTOR inhibitors and proposed two hypothetic scaffolds (the inverted-Y-shape scaffold and the C-shape scaffold) for the second generation of mTOR inhibitors. These findings may provide some help or reference for drug designing, drug modification or the future development of mTOR inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Sivamuthuraman K, Kesavan V. Catalytic enantioselective Michael addition of 2-substituted benzofuran-3-ones to 2-enoyl pyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7166-7171. [PMID: 31328210 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01069f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of 2,2'-disubstituted benzofuran-3-ones bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters has been achieved through Michael addition of 2-substituted benzofuran-3-ones to 2-enoyl pyridines. Both the enantiomeric forms of the major diastereomer were obtained using l-proline derived squaramide and quinine derived bis squaramide with excellent yield (up to 98%) and stereoselectivities (up to 97 : 3 dr and 98% ee). The control experiment revealed that the presence and position of nitrogen atoms in the 2-enoylpyridine have played a crucial role in the stereochemical outcome of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koilpitchai Sivamuthuraman
- Koilpitchai Sivamuthuraman, Venkitasamy Kesavan, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
| | - Venkitasamy Kesavan
- Koilpitchai Sivamuthuraman, Venkitasamy Kesavan, Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, India.
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5
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Duan C, Li Y, Dong X, Xu W, Ma Y. Network Pharmacology and Reverse Molecular Docking-Based Prediction of the Molecular Targets and Pathways for Avicularin Against Cancer. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:4-12. [PMID: 30727880 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190206163409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Avicularin has been found to inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells in vitro in the screening of our laboratory. We intended to explain the molecular mechanism of this effect. Therefore, the combined methods of reverse molecular docking and network pharmacology were used in order to illuminate the molecular mechanisms for Avicularin against cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Potential targets associated with anti-tumor effects of Avicularin were screened by reverse molecular docking, then a protein database was established through constructing the drugprotein network from literature mining data, and the protein-protein network was built through an in-depth exploration of the relationships between the proteins, and then the network topology analysis was performed. Additionally, gene function and signaling pathways were analyzed by Go bio-enrichment and KEGG Pathway. RESULTS The result showed that Avicularin was closely related to 16 targets associated with cancer, and it may significantly influence the pro-survival signals in MAPK signaling pathway that can activate and regulate a series of cellular activities and participate in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis. CONCLUSION The network pharmacology strategy used herein provided a powerful means for the mechanisms of action for bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Duan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Baotou Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center, Baotou, China
| | - Yang Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Weibin Xu
- Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yingli Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Liu Y, Wan WZ, Li Y, Zhou GL, Liu XG. Recent development of ATP-competitive small molecule phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7181-7200. [PMID: 27769061 PMCID: PMC5351699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase (PI3K) is the potential anticancer target in the PI3K/Akt/ mTOR pathway. Here we reviewed the ATP-competitive small molecule PI3K inhibitors in the past few years, including the pan Class I PI3K inhibitors, the isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and/or the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Lian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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7
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Wang S, Xu L, Lu YT, Liu YF, Han B, Liu T, Tang J, Li J, Wu J, Li JY, Yu LF, Yang F. Discovery of benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives as novel DRAK2 inhibitors that protect islet β-cells from apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:195-208. [PMID: 28249207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (DRAK2) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in a wide variety of cell death signaling pathways. Inhibition of DRAK2 was found to efficiently protect islet β-cells from apoptosis and hence DRAK2 inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes. Only very few chemical entities targeting DRAK2 are currently known. We carried out a high throughput screening and identified compound 4 as a moderate DRAK2 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.15 μM. Subsequent SAR studies of hit compound 4 led to the development of novel benzofuran-3(2H)-one series of DRAK2 inhibitors with improved potency and favorable selectivity profiles against 26 selected kinases. Importantly, most potent compounds 40 (IC50 = 0.33 μM) and 41 (IC50 = 0.25 μM) were found to protect islet β-cells from apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. These data support the notion that small molecule inhibitors of DRAK2 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Fei Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bing Han
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia Li
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cardiovascular Research, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, 900 rue St-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- Chinese National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guoshoujing Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China.
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8
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of some 8-substituted-7-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives toward hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:221-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Shu C, Liu R, Liu S, Li JQ, Yu YF, He Q, Lu X, Ye LW. Practical, modular, and general synthesis of 3-coumaranones through gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation strategy. Chem Asian J 2014; 10:91-5. [PMID: 25287758 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201403032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation for the preparation of 3-coumaranones has been developed. Using 8-isopropylquinoline N-oxides as oxidants, the reactions of o-ethynylanisoles afford versatile 3-coumaranones in moderate to good isolated yields. The synthetic utility of this chemistry is also indicated by the synthesis of the natural product sulfuretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005 (China), Fax: (+86) 592-218-5833
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10
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Kim SH, Lee S, Kim SH, Kim KH, Kim JN. Synthesis of 1H-Indol-3-ylpyrazole Derivatives from 1,3,5-Triketones and Arylhydrazines: One-Pot Construction of Pyrazole and Indole Rings. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Khanfar MA, Taha MO. Elaborate ligand-based modeling coupled with multiple linear regression and k nearest neighbor QSAR analyses unveiled new nanomolar mTOR inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2587-612. [PMID: 24050502 DOI: 10.1021/ci4003798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has an important role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. mTOR is frequently hyperactivated in cancer, and therefore, it is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy. In this study, we combined exhaustive pharmacophore modeling and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis to explore the structural requirements for potent mTOR inhibitors employing 210 known mTOR ligands. Genetic function algorithm (GFA) coupled with k nearest neighbor (kNN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were employed to build self-consistent and predictive QSAR models based on optimal combinations of pharmacophores and physicochemical descriptors. Successful pharmacophores were complemented with exclusion spheres to optimize their receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) profiles. Optimal QSAR models and their associated pharmacophore hypotheses were validated by identification and experimental evaluation of several new promising mTOR inhibitory leads retrieved from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) structural database. The most potent hit illustrated an IC50 value of 48 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khanfar
- Drug Discovery Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan , Amman 11942, Jordan
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Han JS, Shao YL, Zhang XH, Zhong P. A Green and Efficient Approach for the Synthesis of 3-Chalcogen Benzo[b]Furans via I2-Mediated Cascade Annulation Reaction of 2-Alkynylanisoles at Room Temperature in Water. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2013.770738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Sheng Han
- a College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yin-Lin Shao
- a College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- a College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Ping Zhong
- a College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , China
- b Oujiang College, Wenzhou University , Wenzhou , China
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Ahmad A, Biersack B, Li Y, Kong D, Bao B, Schobert R, Padhye SB, Sarkar FH. Targeted regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling by indole compounds and their derivatives: mechanistic details and biological implications for cancer therapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:1002-13. [PMID: 23272910 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indole compounds, found in cruciferous vegetables, are potent anti-cancer agents. Studies with indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its dimeric product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) suggest that these compounds have the ability to deregulate multiple cellular signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These natural compounds are also effective modulators of downstream transcription factor NF-κB signaling which might help explain their ability to inhibit invasion and angiogenesis, and the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and drug resistance. Signaling through PI3K/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB pathway is increasingly being realized to play important role in EMT through the regulation of novel miRNAs which further validates the importance of this signaling network and its regulations by indole compounds. Here we will review the available literature on the modulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling by both parental I3C and DIM, as well as their analogs/derivatives, in an attempt to catalog their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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RAJA GOPAL P, CHANDRASHEKAR ERR, SARAVANAN M, VIJAYA BHASKAR B, VEERA SOMAIAH P. An alternative approach to synthesis of 2-n-butyl-5-nitrobenzofuran derivative: A key starting material for dronedarone hydrochloride. J CHEM SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-012-0299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Unusual reactivity of β-(3-indolyl)-α,β-unsaturated ketones. 2-Acetylvinyl group removal by phenylhydrazine hydrochloride. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Shuttleworth SJ, Silva FA, Cecil ARL, Tomassi CD, Hill TJ, Raynaud FI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Progress in the preclinical discovery and clinical development of class I and dual class I/IV phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2011; 18:2686-714. [PMID: 21649578 PMCID: PMC3228236 DOI: 10.2174/092986711796011229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) constitute an important family of lipid kinase enzymes that control a range of cellular processes through their regulation of a network of signal transduction pathways, and have emerged as important therapeutic targets in the context of cancer, inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. Since the mid-late 1990s, considerable progress has been made in the discovery and development of small molecule ATP-competitive PI3K inhibitors, a number of which have entered early phase human trials over recent years from which key clinical results are now being disclosed. This review summarizes progress made to date, primarily on the discovery and characterization of class I and dual class I/IV subtype inhibitors, together with advances that have been made in translational and clinical research, notably in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Shuttleworth
- Karus Therapeutics Ltd., Southampton Science Park, Southampton, SO16 7NP, UK.
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Hong S, Lee S, Kim B, Lee H, Hong SS, Hong S. Discovery of new azaindole-based PI3Kα inhibitors: Apoptotic and antiangiogenic effect on cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:7212-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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