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Wang G, Fan M, Liu W, He M, Li Y, Peng Z. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking investigation of new sulphonamide derivatives bearing naphthalene moiety as potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1402-1410. [PMID: 34157927 PMCID: PMC8231400 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1943378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of sulphonamide derivatives bearing naphthalene moiety were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative and tubulin polymerisation inhibitory activities. These new compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and A549 by using CCK-8 method. Among all the tested compounds, compound 5c with naphthalen-1-yl moiety exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell line, with IC50 values of 0.51 ± 0.03 µM and 0.33 ± 0.01 µM, respectively. The results of tubulin polymerisation assay shown that 5c exhibited a significant ability to inhibit tubulin polymerisation with IC50 value of 2.8 μM. Consistent with its antitubulin activity, 5c can significantly arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase and induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecular docking study indicated that compound 5c inhibited tubulin polymerisation through interacting at the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Furthermore, 5c exhibited low cytotoxic activity on human normal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Meiyan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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2
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Jeong H, Hong YS, Kim JE, Lim HS, Ahn JB, Shin SJ, Park YS, Kim ST, Han SW, Kim TY, Kim TW. A phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study to assess the safety and efficacy of CKD-516, a novel vascular disrupting agent, in combination with Irinotecan in patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:1335-1347. [PMID: 33829355 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-021-01110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The combination of an anti-angiogenic agent with cytotoxic chemotherapy is a standard treatment strategy for metastatic colorectal cancer. CKD-516 is an oral vascular disrupting agent that was preliminarily shown to be safe and efficacious as a monotherapy in refractory solid cancers. We evaluated the recommended phase 2 dose, safety, and preliminary efficacy of CKD-516 in combination with irinotecan in treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods This phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study included patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. CKD-516 tablets were administered for five consecutive days followed by two days off in combination with intravenous irinotecan (120 mg/m2) administered on day one of each treatment cycle every two weeks. A traditional 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was used. Results In total, 16 and 23 patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation and dose-expansion cohorts, respectively. The most common adverse events included diarrhea (79%), nausea (74%), vomiting (67%), and neutropenia (62%). No dose-limiting toxicity occurred, and the recommended phase 2 dose was determined at CKD-516/irinotecan doses of 11/120 mg/m2. No cases of cardiac ischemia, cardiac dysfunction, or thromboembolism were reported. Among the 34 patients with available tumor response assessments, one patient achieved partial response (3%) and 26 patients achieved stable disease (76%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 4.1 and 11.6 months, respectively. Conclusion This phase 1 study showed that the combination of oral CKD-516 and irinotecan is safe and tolerable in metastatic, treatment-refractory colorectal patients and showed favorable efficacy outcomes. Further studies to confirm these preliminary findings are warranted. Trial registration number NCT03076957 (Registered at March 10, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyehyun Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Seok Lim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Bae Ahn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Suk Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HK, Kang JW, Park YW, Kim JY, Kim M, Kim SJ, Kim SM, Ho Ryu K, Yoon S, Kim Y, Cho JY, Lee KS, Yun T, Kim K, Kwak MH, Kim TS, Chung J, Park JW. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the vascular-disrupting agent CKD-516 (NOV120401) in patients with refractory solid tumors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 8:e00568. [PMID: 32162844 PMCID: PMC7066534 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a phase I pharmacological study of an oral formulation of CKD‐516, a vascular‐disrupting agent, in patients with refractory solid tumors. Twenty‐seven patients (16 in the dose‐escalation cohort and 11 in the expansion cohort) received a single daily dose (5‐25 mg) of CKD‐516 five days per week. Nausea (67%) and diarrhea (63%) were the most common treatment‐related adverse events. The recommended phase II dose of oral CKD‐516 was 20 mg/d (15 mg/d with a body surface area (BSA) <1.65 m2). Notably, S‐516 half‐lives in patients receiving 15‐20 mg CKD‐516/d significantly differed between patients with and without splenomegaly that is suggestive of portal hypertension associated with liver cirrhosis (6.1 vs 4.6 hours, respectively). Of 11 patients without splenomegaly who completed at least one cycle of a daily CKD‐516 dose of either 15 or 20 mg, only one patient (9.1%) suffered from any dose‐limiting toxicity. We conclude that a daily oral dose of 15 or 20 mg CKD‐516 five days per week could be tolerable in patients without liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hark Kyun Kim
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Kang
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Whan Park
- National Oncoventure, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Young Kim
- National Oncoventure, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minchae Kim
- National Oncoventure, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- CKD Research Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Mi Kim
- CKD Research Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ho Ryu
- CKD Research Center, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak Yun
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyang Kwak
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Won Park
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Tolba MF. Revolutionizing the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment: The potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:2996-3006. [PMID: 32415713 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents the third cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide. The progression of CRC to the metastatic phase significantly compromises the overall survival rates. Despite the advances in the therapeutic protocols, CRC treatment is still challenging. Cancer immunotherapy joined the ranks of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy as the fifth pillar in the foundation of cancer therapeutics. Interruption of the immunosuppressive signals within the tumor microenvironment and reactivation of antitumor immunity via targeting the molecular immune checkpoints generated promising therapeutic outcomes in several types of hard-to-treat cancers. The year 2017 witnessed the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy for the management of CRC. The approval was granted to pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) for the treatment of patients with advanced/metastatic solid malignancies with mismatch-repair deficiency including CRCs. Such natively immunogenic tumors constitute only a minor percentage of all CRCs. Therefore, it is imperative to utilize novel combinatorial regimens to enhance the response of a wider range of CRC tumors to cancer immunotherapy and help in extending the survival rates in patients with advanced/metastatic disease. This review highlights the novel approaches under clinical development to overcome the resistance of CRCs to immunotherapy and improve the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai F Tolba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim SJ, Jegal KH, Im JH, Park G, Kim S, Jeong HG, Cho IJ, Kang KW. Involvement of ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation in anti-cancer effect of CKD-516 for lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:685-697. [PMID: 32157413 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CKD-516 (Valecobulin), a vascular-disrupting agent, inhibits microtubule elongation. We evaluated the effect of CKD-516 on lung cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The effects of S516, an active metabolite of CKD-516, were evaluated in HUVECs and three lung cancer cell lines and by a microtubule polymerization assay. Tubulin cross-linking was used to identify the binding site of S516 on tubulin, and Western blotting was performed to identify the intracellular pathways leading to cell death. Subcutaneous lung cancer xenograft models were used to assess the in vivo effect of CKD-516 on tumor growth. RESULTS S516 targeted the colchicine binding site on β-tubulin. In lung cancer cells, S516 increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by mitochondria and the ER. In addition, CKD-516 monotherapy strongly inhibited the growth of lung cancer xenograft tumors and exerted a synergistic effect with carboplatin. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that CKD-516 exerts an anticancer effect in company with inducing ER stress and ROS production via microtubule disruption in lung cancer cells. CKD-516 may thus have therapeutic potential for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- CKD Research Institution, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Jegal
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyutae Park
- CKD Research Institution, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Je Cho
- Department of Herbal Formulation, MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Malik MS, Ahmed SA, Althagafi II, Ansari MA, Kamal A. Application of triazoles as bioisosteres and linkers in the development of microtubule targeting agents. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:327-348. [PMID: 33479639 PMCID: PMC7580775 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The triazole ring system has emerged as an exciting prospect in the optimization studies of promising lead molecules in the quest for new drugs for clinical usage. Several marketed drugs possess these versatile moieties that are used in a wide range of medical indications. This stems from the unique intrinsic properties of triazoles, which impart stability to the basic pharmacophoric unit with an added advantage of being a bioisostere of different chemical functionalities. In the last decade, the use of triazoles as bioisosteres and linkers in the development of microtubule targeting agents has been extensively investigated. The present review highlights the advances in this promising area of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia . ;
- Central Research Laboratories , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia . ;
- Central Research Laboratories , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , Assiut University , 71516 Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ismail I Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia . ;
- Central Research Laboratories , Faculty of Applied Sciences , Umm Al-Qura University , 21955 Makkah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research , Institute of Research and Medical Consultation , Imam AbdurRahman Bin Faisal University , 34212 Dammam , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER) , Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi-110062 , India . ; ; Tel: +91 11 26059665
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Hura N, Sawant AV, Kumari A, Guchhait SK, Panda D. Combretastatin-Inspired Heterocycles as Antitubulin Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9754-9769. [PMID: 31459105 PMCID: PMC6644768 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Combretastatin (CA-4) and its analogues are undergoing several clinical trials for treating different types of tumors. In this work, the antiproliferative activity of a series of 2-aminoimidazole-carbonyl analogs of clinically relevant combretastatins A-4 (CA-4) and A-1 was evaluated using a cell-based assay. Among the compounds tested, C-13 and C-21 displayed strong antiproliferative activities against HeLa cells. C-13 inhibited the proliferation of lung carcinoma (A549) cells more potently than combretastatin A-4. C-13 also retarded the migration of A549 cells. Interestingly, C-13 displayed much stronger antiproliferative effects against breast carcinoma and skin melanoma cells compared to noncancerous breast epithelial and skin fibroblast cells. C-13 strongly disassembled cellular microtubules, perturbed the localization of EB1 protein, inhibited mitosis in cultured cells, and bound to tubulin at the colchicine site and inhibited the polymerization of reconstituted microtubules in vitro. C-13 treatment increased the level of reactive oxygen species and induced apoptosis via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-cleavage in HeLa cells. The results revealed the importance of the 2-aminoimidazole-carbonyl motif as a double bond replacement in combretastatin and indicated a pharmacodynamically interesting pattern of H-bond acceptors/donors and requisite syn-templated aryls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Hura
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Avishkar V. Sawant
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Anuradha Kumari
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute
of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Chemoembolization with Vascular Disrupting Agent CKD-516 Dissolved in Ethiodized Oil in Combination with Doxorubicin: A VX2 Tumor Model Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018; 29:1078-1084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Li L, Jiang S, Li X, Liu Y, Su J, Chen J. Recent advances in trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) based tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:482-494. [PMID: 29649743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules (composed of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers) play a pivotal role in mitosis and cell division, and are regarded as an excellent target for chemotherapeutic agents to treat cancer. There are four unique binding sites in tubulin to which taxanes, vinca alkaloids, laulimalide and colchicine bind respectively. While several tubulin inhibitors that bind to the taxane or vinca alkaloid binding sites have been approved by FDA, currently there are no FDA approved tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site. Tubulin inhibitors that bind to the colchicine binding site have therapeutic advantages over taxanes and vinca alkaloids, for example, they can be administered orally, have less drug-drug interaction potential, and are less prone to develop multi-drug resistance. Typically, tubulin inhibitors that bind to the colchicine binding site bear the trimethoxyphenyl (TMP) moiety which is essential for interaction with tubulin. Over the last decade, a variety of molecules bearing the TMP moiety have been designed and synthesized as tubulin inhibitors for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the TMP analogs that are designed based on CA-4, indole, chalcone, colchicine and natural product scaffolds which are known to interact with the colchicine binding site in tubulin. The challenges and future direction of the TMP based tubulin inhibitors are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sibo Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Chengdu Easton Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Ham SJ, Choi Y, Lee SI, Kim J, Kim YI, Chung JW, Kim KW. Enhanced efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma using a novel vascular disrupting agent, CKD-516. Hepatol Int 2017; 11:446-451. [PMID: 28721452 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-017-9811-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CKD-516 is a novel vascular disrupting agent that shuts down intratumoral blood flow. We therefore hypothesized that concomitant administration of CKD-516 would enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by reducing heat sink effects. We assessed the effects of the combination of CKD-516 and RFA in a rat orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. METHODS Rat HCC cells (N1-S1) were engrafted into the hepatic lobe of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Mice were randomly divided into two groups: RFA-only and CKD-RFA. In the CKD-RFA group, CKD-516 was administered by intraperitoneal injection 2 h before RFA. Ablation zone size was measured on triphenyltetrazolium chloride-stained specimens. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to evaluate the area of apoptosis/necrosis in the ablation zone. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD31 antibody was performed to evaluate the effect of CKD-516 on tumor vessels. RESULTS Ablation zone size was significantly larger in the CKD-RFA group than in the RFA-only group (243.10 ± 74.39 versus 123.30 ± 28.17 mm2, p < 0.001). On TUNEL staining, the area of apoptosis/necrosis was also significantly larger in the CKD-RFA group than in the RFA-only group (274.44 ± 140.78 versus 143.74 ± 90.13 mm2; p = 0.006). Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD31 antibody revealed patent tumor vessels in the RFA-only group, while collapsed vessels were seen in the CKD-RFA group, indicating a vascular shutdown effect of CKD-516. CONCLUSION Concomitant administration of CKD-516 during RFA can increase the ablation zone of tumors due to its vascular disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Ham
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - YoonSeok Choi
- Biomedical Translational Research Center, GangNeung Asan Medical Center, Sacheon-myoen, Bangdong-kil 38, GangNeung, Gangwon, 210-711, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Seul-I Lee
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Jinil Kim
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Chung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Bioimaging Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea. .,Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Korea.
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Banerjee S, Hwang DJ, Li W, Miller DD. Current Advances of Tubulin Inhibitors in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery and Vascular Disruption/Angiogenesis. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111468. [PMID: 27827858 PMCID: PMC6272853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive research over the last decade has resulted in a number of highly potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors acting either as microtubule stabilizing agents (MSAs) or microtubule destabilizing agents (MDAs). These inhibitors have potent cytotoxicity against a broad spectrum of human tumor cell lines. In addition to cytotoxicity, a number of these tubulin inhibitors have exhibited abilities to inhibit formation of new blood vessels as well as disrupt existing blood vessels. Tubulin inhibitors as a vascular disrupting agents (VDAs), mainly from the MDA family, induce rapid tumor vessel occlusion and massive tumor necrosis. Thus, tubulin inhibitors have become increasingly popular in the field of tumor vasculature. However, their pharmaceutical application is halted by a number of limitations including poor solubility and toxicity. Thus, recently, there has been considerable interests in the nanoparticle drug delivery of tubulin inhibitors to circumvent those limitations. This article reviews recent advances in nanoparticle based drug delivery for tubulin inhibitors as well as their tumor vasculature disruption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave. Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave. Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave. Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave. Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Park HS, Han JK, Lee JM, Kim YI, Woo S, Yoon JH, Choi JY, Choi BI. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Using a Macromolecular MR Contrast Agent (P792): Evaluation of Antivascular Drug Effect in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:1029-37. [PMID: 26357497 PMCID: PMC4559774 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.5.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the utility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using macromolecular contrast agent (P792) for assessment of vascular disrupting drug effect in rabbit VX2 liver tumor models. Materials and Methods This study was approved by our Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. DCE-MRI was performed with 3-T scanner in 13 VX2 liver tumor-bearing rabbits, before, 4 hours after, and 24 hours after administration of vascular disrupting agent (VDA), using gadomelitol (P792, n = 7) or low molecular weight contrast agent (gadoterate meglumine [Gd-DOTA], n = 6). P792 was injected at a of dose 0.05 mmol/kg, while that of Gd-DOTA was 0.2 mmol/kg. DCE-MRI parameters including volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) and initial area under the gadolinium concentration-time curve until 60 seconds (iAUC) of tumors were compared between the 2 groups at each time point. DCE-MRI parameters were correlated with tumor histopathology. Reproducibility in measurement of DCE-MRI parameters and image quality of source MR were compared between groups. Results P792 group showed a more prominent decrease in Ktrans and iAUC at 4 hours and 24 hours, as compared to the Gd-DOTA group. Changes in DCE-MRI parameters showed a weak correlation with histologic parameters (necrotic fraction and microvessel density) in both groups. Reproducibility of DCE-MRI parameters and overall image quality was not significantly better in the P792 group, as compared to the Gd-DOTA group. Conclusion Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using a macromolecular contrast agent shows changes of hepatic perfusion more clearly after administration of the VDA. Gadolinium was required at smaller doses than a low molecular contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Sun Park
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Radiology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmin Woo
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Yu K, Li R, Yang Z, Wang F, Wu W, Wang X, Nie C, Chen L. Discovery of a potent microtubule-targeting agent: Synthesis and biological evaluation of water-soluble amino acid prodrug of combretastatin A-4 derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2302-7. [PMID: 25933592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid prodrugs are known to be very useful for improving the aqueous solubility of sparingly water soluble drugs (Drug Discovery Today 2013, 18, 93). Therefore, we synthesized eleven novel combretastatin A-4 amino acid derivatives and evaluated their anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Among them, compound 15 (valine attached to compound 3, which was shown to be a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor in our previous study) exhibited high efficacy in tumor-bearing mice, and pharmacokinetic analysis in rats indicated that compound 15 was an effective prodrug as well. Besides, compound 15 significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro and in vivo by binding to the colchicine binding site. In addition, compound 15 induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and triggered apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study showed that compound 15 could have significant anti-tumor activity as a novel microtubule polymerization disrupting agent with improved aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Chunlai Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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14
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Oh DY, Kim TM, Han SW, Shin DY, Lee YG, Lee KW, Kim JH, Kim TY, Jang IJ, Lee JS, Bang YJ. Phase I Study of CKD-516, a Novel Vascular Disrupting Agent, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors. Cancer Res Treat 2015; 48:28-36. [PMID: 25715767 PMCID: PMC4720091 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2014.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CKD-516 is a newly developed vascular disrupting agent. This phase I dose-escalation study of CKD-516 was conducted to determine maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients received CKD-516 intravenously on D1 and D8 every 3 weeks, in a standard 3+3 design. Safety was evaluated by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ver. 4.02 and response was assessed by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor ver. 1.1. RESULTS Twenty-three patients were treated with CKD-516 at seven dosing levels: 1 mg/m(2)/day (n=3), 2 mg/m(2)/day (n=3), 3.3 mg/m(2)/day (n=3), 5 mg/m(2)/day (n=3), 7 mg/m(2)/day (n=3), 9 mg/m(2)/day (n=6), and 12 mg/m(2)/day (n=2). Mean age was 54 and 56.5% of patients were male. Two dose-limiting toxicities, which were both grade 3 hypertension, were observed in two patients at 12 mg/m(2)/day. The MTD was determined as 12 mg/m(2)/day. Most common adverse events were gastrointestinal adverse events (diarrhea, 34.8% [30.4% grade 1/2, 13.0% grade 3]; nausea, 21.7% [all grade 1/2]; vomiting, 21.7% [all grade 1/2]), myalgia (17.4%, all grade 1/2), and abdominal pain (21.7% [21.7% grade 1/2, 4.3% grade 3]). The pharmacokinetic study showed the dose-linearity of all dosing levels. Among 23 patients, six patients (26.1%) showed stable disease. Median progression-free survival was 39 days (95% confidence interval, 37 to 41 days). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates feasibility of CKD-516, novel vascular disrupting agent, in patients with advanced solid tumor. MTD of CKD-516 was defined as 12 mg/m(2)/day on D1 and D8 every 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Gyoo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Renko D, Provot O, Rasolofonjatovo E, Bignon J, Rodrigo J, Dubois J, Brion JD, Hamze A, Alami M. Rapid synthesis of 4-arylchromenes from ortho-substituted alkynols: A versatile access to restricted isocombretastatin A-4 analogues as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:834-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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16
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Synthesis and fungicidal activity of quinolin-6-yloxyacetamides, a novel class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3922-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Joo I, Kim JH, Lee JM, Choi JW, Han JK, Choi BI. Early quantification of the therapeutic efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent, CKD-516, using dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in rabbit VX2 liver tumors. Ultrasonography 2013; 33:18-25. [PMID: 24936491 PMCID: PMC4058966 DOI: 10.14366/usg.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography
(DCE-US) in the early quantification of hemodynamic change following
administration of the vascular disrupting agent (VDA) CKD-516 using a rabbit
VX2 liver tumor model. Methods: This study was approved by our institutional animal care and use committee.
Eight VX2 liver-tumor-bearing rabbits were treated with intravenous CKD-516,
and all underwent DCE-US using SonoVue before and again 2, 4, 6, and 24
hours following their treatment. The tumor perfusion parameters were
obtained from the time-intensity curve of the DCE-US data. Repeated measures
analysis of variance was performed to assess any significant change in tumor
perfusion over time. Relative changes in the DCE-US parameters between the
baseline and follow-up assessments were correlated with the relative changes
in tumor size over the course of seven days using Pearson correlation. Results: CKD-516 treatment resulted in significant changes in the DCE-US parameters,
including the peak intensity, total area under the time-intensity curve
(AUCtotal), and AUC during wash-out (AUCout) over
time (P<0.05). Pairwise comparison tests revealed that the
AUCtotal and AUC during wash-in (AUCin) seen on
the two-hour follow-up were significantly lower than the baseline values
(P<0.05). However, none of early changes in the DCE-US parameters until
24-hour follow-up showed a significant correlation with the relative changes
in tumor size during seven days after CKD-516 treatment. Conclusion: Our results suggest that a novel VDA (CKD-516) can cause disruption of tumor
perfusion as early as two hours after treatment and that the therapeutic
effect of CKD-516 treatment can be effectively quantified using DCE-US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Koo Han
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Ihn Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim KW, Lee JM, Jeon YS, Lee IJ, Choi Y, Park J, Kiefer B, Kim C, Han JK, Choi BI. Vascular disrupting effect of CKD-516: preclinical study using DCE-MRI. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:1097-106. [PMID: 23299389 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) are new class of anti-cancer drugs targeting pre-existing tumor vasculature which lead to tumor ischemia and necrosis. An innovative tubulin polymerization inhibitor, CKD-516, was recently developed as a VDA. We attempted to evaluate its tubulin destabilizing effect using immunofluorescence staining on human endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to ascertain its antivascular effect in a rabbit VX2 tumor model using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI by measuring the changes in kinetic parameters such as K-trans and IAUGC. Immunofluorescence staining using anti-tubulin and anti-actin antibodies on HUVECs showed that CKD-516 selectively disrupted tubulin component of the endothelial cytoskeleton. Serial DCE-MRI showed a significant decrease in K-trans and IAUGC parameters from baseline at 4 h (39.9 % in K-trans; -45.0 % in IAUGC) and at 24 h (-32.2 % in K-trans; -36.5 % in IAUGC), and a significant recovery at 48 h (22.9 % in K-trans; 34.8 % in IAUGC) following administration of CKD-516 at a 0.7-mg/kg dose. When the tumors were stratified according to the initial K-trans value of 0.1, tumors with a high K-trans > 0.1 which was indicative of having well-developed pre-existing vessels, showed greater reduction in K-trans and IAUGC values. On histologic examination, the degree of necrosis of treated tumors was significantly greater than that of untreated tumors. In summary, CKD-516 is an effective VDA which results in rapid vascular shutdown by targeting the tubulin component of tumor vessels and thus leads to necrosis.
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Kim KW, Lee JM, Jeon YS, Kang SE, Baek JH, Han JK, Choi BI, Bang YJ, Kiefer B, Block KT, Ji H, Bauer S, Kim C. Free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of the abdomen and chest using a radial gradient echo sequence with K-space weighted image contrast (KWIC). Eur Radiol 2012. [PMID: 23187728 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-012-2699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of free-breathing, dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI of the abdomen and thorax using the radial-gradient-echo sequence with k-space weighted image contrast (KWIC) reconstruction. METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained. Fourteen patients underwent free-breathing radial DCE-MRI. Radial MRI yielded full-frame images by gridding all k-space data and time-resolved subframe images by using KWIC reconstruction technique. Using subframe KWIC images, voxel-wise perfusion maps were created. For comparison, the breath-hold conventional Cartesian 3D-gradient-echo sequence (VIBE) was also performed during the equilibrium phase. The image qualities of radial and conventional VIBE images were compared quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS Radial DCE-MRI provided high spatial resolution (1.4 × 1.4 mm) and temporal resolution (4.1 s for subframe images) allowing voxel-wise perfusion mapping with negligible motion or streaking artefacts. There were no significant differences in SNR between full-frame radial images and conventional VIBE images (79.08 vs 74.80, P > 0.05). Overall image quality score of full-frame radial images was slightly lower than that of conventional VIBE images (3.88 ± 0.59 vs. 4.31 ± 0.97, P < 0.05), but provided clinically useful images. CONCLUSIONS The free-breathing radial DCE-MRI can provide high spatial and temporal resolution while maintaining reasonably high image quality and thus is a feasible technique for DCE-MRI in the abdomen and thorax. KEY POINTS • Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE) MRI is important in oncological imaging • Radial MRI with k-space weighted image contrast (KWIC) reconstruction offers potential improvements • Radial DCE-MRI provides good image quality, reduced artefacts and high spatial/temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Gridley BM, Blake AJ, Davis AL, Lewis W, Moxey GJ, Kays DL. Low-coordinate cobalt(ii) terphenyl complexes: precursors to sterically encumbered ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8910-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34525k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Mason RP, Zhao D, Liu L, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. A perspective on vascular disrupting agents that interact with tubulin: preclinical tumor imaging and biological assessment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:375-87. [PMID: 21321746 PMCID: PMC3071431 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment provides a rich source of potential targets for selective therapeutic intervention with properly designed anticancer agents. Significant physiological differences exist between the microvessels that nourish tumors and those that supply healthy tissue. Selective drug-mediated damage of these tortuous and chaotic microvessels starves a tumor of necessary nutrients and oxygen and eventually leads to massive tumor necrosis. Vascular targeting strategies in oncology are divided into two separate groups: angiogenesis inhibiting agents (AIAs) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). The mechanisms of action between these two classes of compounds are profoundly distinct. The AIAs inhibit the actual formation of new vessels, while the VDAs damage and/or destroy existing tumor vasculature. One subset of small-molecule VDAs functions by inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, thus causing morphology changes to the endothelial cells lining the tumor vasculature, triggered by a cascade of cell signaling events. Ultimately this results in catastrophic damage to the vessels feeding the tumor. The rapid emergence and subsequent development of the VDA field over the past decade has led to the establishment of a synergistic combination of preclinical state-of-the-art tumor imaging and biological evaluation strategies that are often indicative of future clinical efficacy for a given VDA. This review focuses on an integration of the appropriate biochemical and biological tools necessary to assess (preclinically) new small-molecule, tubulin active VDAs for their potential to be clinically effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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Srinivas NR. The rationality for using prodrug approach in drug discovery programs for new xenobiotics: opportunities and challenges. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 36:49-59. [PMID: 21404122 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-011-0035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The concept of prodrugs has been successfully executed for life cycle management options of several approved drugs and drugs in development. In addition to imparting ideal biopharmaceutical properties, such as solubility, permeability and lipophilicity, some prodrug concepts have also enabled site-specific drug delivery, prolonged the duration of therapeutic effect and improved therapeutic index. The strategic inclusion of prodrug concept during drug discovery and early development process brings in some unique challenges. The communication provides balanced perspectives on the rational use and challenges of prodrug concept during the drug discovery and development process.
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