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Ocampo-Néstor AL, López-Mayorga RM, Castillo-Henkel EF, Padilla-Martínez II, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a Dopa-organoboron compound that acts as a bladder relaxant through non-catecholamine receptors. Mol Divers 2019; 23:361-370. [PMID: 30284107 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bladder relaxation through drug administration is an interesting topic in medicinal and combinatorial chemistry. In fact, compounds targeting catecholamine receptors [dopamine receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors (βAR) expressed in the bladder] are among the compounds commonly employed for this purpose. In particular, recent investigations have tended to focus on the β3-adrenoceptor (β3AR) as a target in the treatment of urinary incontinence and other disorders. However, organoboron compounds have been suggested as potent and efficient agents on these drug targets. In this work, through a docking study, we identified the parameters that induce a theoretical improvement in the affinity and activity of the organoboron compounds on the catecholamine receptors expressed in the bladder. Then, the identified potential drug, a boron-containing dopa-derivative named DPBX-L-Dopa, was synthesized and characterized. This compound induces a relaxation on the smooth muscle of the rat bladder, behaving as a weak relaxant compared to isoproterenol but with similar efficacy to BRL377, a selective β3AR agonist. However, unexpectedly, this effect was not blocked by propranolol or haloperidol at the concentrations at which they are able to block the catecholamine receptors in bladder tissue. In view of these results, the effect of DPBX-L-Dopa compound on the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors (α1AR) of aorta of the rats was also explored; however, no response of the tissue to this compound was obtained. The possible mechanisms of the action of this compound were explored and are discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Ocampo-Néstor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Ruth M López-Mayorga
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Enrique F Castillo-Henkel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, México, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico.
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico.
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Bello M, Hernández-Martínez CF, Santillán-Torres I, Guerrero-Ramírez R, Correa-Basurto J, Arias-Montaño JA, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Cell-based assays and molecular dynamics analysis of a boron-containing agonist with different profiles of binding to human and guinea pig beta2 adrenoceptors. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2019; 48:83-97. [PMID: 30386878 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The design of beta2 adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists is attractive because of their wide-ranging applications in medicine, and the details of agonist interactions with β2AR are interesting because it is considered a prototype for G-protein coupled receptors. Preclinical studies for agonist development have involved biological assays with guinea pigs due to a similar physiology to humans. Boron-containing Albuterol derivatives (BCADs) designed as bronchodilators have improved potency and efficacy compared with their boron-free precursor on guinea pig β2ARs (gpβ2ARs), and two of the BCADs (BR-AEA and boronterol) conserve these features on cells expressing human β2ARs (hβ2ARs). The aim of this study was to test the BCAD Politerol on gpβ2ARs and hβ2ARs in vitro and in silico. Politerol displayed higher potency and efficacy on gpβ2AR than on hβ2AR in experimental assays, possible explanations are provided based on molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations of about 0.25 µs were performed for the free and bound states adding up to 2 µs in total. There were slight differences, particularly in the role of the boron atom, in the interactions of Politerol with gpβ2ARs and hβ2ARs, affecting movements of transmembrane domains 5-7, known to be pivotal in receptor activation. These findings could be instrumental in the design of compounds selective for hβ2ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Christian F Hernández-Martínez
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iván Santillán-Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Ruth Guerrero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José-Antonio Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, 07360, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica y Laboratorio de Modelado Molecular, Bioinformática y Diseño de Fármacos, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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3
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Ocampo-Néstor AL, López-Mayorga RM, Castillo-Henkel EF, Padilla-Martínez II, Trujillo-Ferrara JG, Soriano-Ursúa MA. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a Dopa-organoboron compound that acts as a bladder relaxant through non-catecholamine receptors. Mol Divers 2018. [PMID: 30284107 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9883-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Bladder relaxation through drug administration is an interesting topic in medicinal and combinatorial chemistry. In fact, compounds targeting catecholamine receptors [dopamine receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors (βAR) expressed in the bladder] are among the compounds commonly employed for this purpose. In particular, recent investigations have tended to focus on the β3-adrenoceptor (β3AR) as a target in the treatment of urinary incontinence and other disorders. However, organoboron compounds have been suggested as potent and efficient agents on these drug targets. In this work, through a docking study, we identified the parameters that induce a theoretical improvement in the affinity and activity of the organoboron compounds on the catecholamine receptors expressed in the bladder. Then, the identified potential drug, a boron-containing dopa-derivative named DPBX-L-Dopa, was synthesized and characterized. This compound induces a relaxation on the smooth muscle of the rat bladder, behaving as a weak relaxant compared to isoproterenol but with similar efficacy to BRL377, a selective β3AR agonist. However, unexpectedly, this effect was not blocked by propranolol or haloperidol at the concentrations at which they are able to block the catecholamine receptors in bladder tissue. In view of these results, the effect of DPBX-L-Dopa compound on the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors (α1AR) of aorta of the rats was also explored; however, no response of the tissue to this compound was obtained. The possible mechanisms of the action of this compound were explored and are discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Ocampo-Néstor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Ruth M López-Mayorga
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Enrique F Castillo-Henkel
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico
| | - Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, México, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico.
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Investigación en Bioquímica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, México, Mexico.
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, Arias-Montaño JA, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Martínez CF, López-Cabrera Y, Castillo-Hernández MC, Padilla-Martínez II, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Insights on the role of boron containing moieties in the design of new potent and efficient agonists targeting the β2 adrenoceptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:820-5. [PMID: 25592716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of β2 adrenoceptor (β2AR) agonists is of increasing interest because of their wide-ranging applications in medicine, particularly for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Regarding the relaxation of smooth muscle that lines airways of mammals, some boron-containing adducts have demonstrated greater potency and efficacy compared to well-known boron-free compounds. We herein report the design and synthesis as well as the chemical and pharmacological characterization of a new boron-containing compound: ((R)-6-((S)-2-(tert-butylammonio)-1-hydroxyethyl)-2-hydroxy-2-isobutyl-4H-benzo[d][1,3,2] dioxaborinin-2-uide). Compared to its precursor (salbutamol), this compound induced relaxation of smooth muscle in guinea pig tracheal rings with greater potency and efficacy (EC50⩽28.02nM). Theoretical studies suggest the potential selectivity of this boron containing compound on the orthosteric site of beta adrenoceptors and/or signaling pathways, as well as the importance of the tetracoordinated boron atom in its structure for binding recognition properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico; Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico.
| | - José A Arias-Montaño
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico
| | - Christian F Hernández-Martínez
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Yessica López-Cabrera
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - Maria C Castillo-Hernández
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I Padilla-Martínez
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Acueducto s/n, Barrio La Laguna Ticomán, 07340, Mexico
| | - José G Trujillo-Ferrara
- Departamentos de Fisiología y Bioquímica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
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5
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Segura-Cabrera A, García-Pérez C, Ciprés-Flores F, Cuevas-Hernández R, Trujillo-Ferrara J, Correa-Basurto J, Soriano-Ursúa M. Molecular dynamics simulations to explore the active/inactive conformers of guinea pig β2adrenoceptor for the selective design of agonists or antagonists. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.857771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Huang L, Shan W, Zhou Q, Xie J, Lai K, Li X. Design, synthesis and evaluation of dual pharmacology β2-adrenoceptor agonists and PDE4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:249-53. [PMID: 24300734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of formoterol-phthalazinone hybrids were synthesised and evaluated as dual pharmacology β2-adrenoceptor agonists and PDE4 inhibitors. Most of the hybrids displayed high β2-adrenoceptor agonist and moderate PDE4 inhibitory activities. The most potent compound, (R,R)-11c, exhibited agonist (EC50=1.05nM, pEC50=9.0) and potent PDE4B2 inhibitory activities (IC50=0.092μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjun Shan
- Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xingshu Li
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Fragkaki AG, Georgakopoulos C, Sterk S, Nielen MWF. Sports doping: emerging designer and therapeutic β2-agonists. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 425:242-58. [PMID: 23954776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beta2-adrenergic agonists, or β2-agonists, are considered essential bronchodilator drugs in the treatment of bronchial asthma, both as symptom-relievers and, in combination with inhaled corticosteroids, as disease-controllers. The use of β2-agonists is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) due to claimed anabolic effects, and also, is prohibited as growth promoters in cattle fattening in the European Union. This paper reviews the last seven-year (2006-2012) literature concerning the development of novel β2-agonists molecules either by modifying the molecule of known β2-agonists or by introducing moieties producing indole-, adamantyl- or phenyl urea derivatives. New emerging β2-agonists molecules for future therapeutic use are also presented, intending to emphasize their potential use for doping purposes or as growth promoters in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Fragkaki
- Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens "Spyros Louis", Kifisias 37, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
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Liu A, Huang L, Wang Z, Luo Z, Mao F, Shan W, Xie J, Lai K, Li X. Hybrids consisting of the pharmacophores of salmeterol and roflumilast or phthalazinone: dual β₂-adrenoceptor agonists-PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:1548-52. [PMID: 23375225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of dual pharmacology bronchodilators targeting both β(2)-adrenoceptor and PDE4 was designed and synthesised by combining the pharmacophores of salmeterol and roflumilast or phthalazinone. All the compounds exhibited better β(2)-adrenoceptor agonist activities (pEC(50)=8.47-9.20) than the reference compound salmeterol (pEC(50)=8.3) and good inhibitory activity on PDE4B2 (IC(50)=0.235-1.093 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqiu Liu
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Soriano-Ursúa MA, McNaught-Flores DA, Nieto-Alamilla G, Segura-Cabrera A, Correa-Basurto J, Arias-Montaño JA, Trujillo-Ferrara JG. Cell-based and in-silico studies on the high intrinsic activity of two boron-containing salbutamol derivatives at the human β₂-adrenoceptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:933-41. [PMID: 22182578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salbutamol is a well-known β(2) adrenoceptor (β(2)AR) partial agonist. We synthesized two boron-containing salbutamol derivatives (BCSDs) with greater potency and efficacy, compared to salbutamol, for inducing β(2)AR-mediated smooth-muscle relaxation in guinea-pig tracheal rings. However, the mechanism involved in this pharmacological effect remains unclear. In order to gain insight, we carried out binding and functional assays for BCSDs in HEK-293T cells transfected with the human β(2)AR (hβ(2)AR). The transfected hβ(2)AR showed similar affinity for BCSDs and salbutamol, but adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) accumulation induced by both BCSDs was similar to that elicited by isoproterenol and greater than that induced by salbutamol. The boron-containing precursors (boric and phenylboronic acids, 100 μM) had no significant effect on salbutamol binding or salbutamol-induced cAMP accumulation. These experimental results are in agreement with theoretical docking simulations on lipid bilayer membrane-embedded hβ(2)AR structures. These receptors showed slightly higher affinity for BCSDs than for salbutamol. An essential change between putative active and inactive conformational states depended on the interaction of the tested ligands with the fifth, sixth and seventh transmembrane domains. Overall, these data suggest that BCSDs induce and stabilize conformational states of the hβ(2)AR that are highly capable of stimulating cAMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamentos de Fisiología, Bioquímica Médica y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, 11340 México, DF, Mexico.
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10
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Shan WJ, Huang L, Zhou Q, Jiang HL, Luo ZH, Lai KF, Li XS. Dual β2-adrenoceptor agonists-PDE4 inhibitors for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1523-6. [PMID: 22297114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a novel class of dual pharmacology bronchodilators targeting both β(2)-adrenoceptor and PDE4 by applying a multivalent approach. The most potent dual pharmacology molecule, compound 29, possessed good inhibitory activity on PDE4B2 (IC(50)=0.278 μM, which was more potent than phthalazinone, IC(50)=0.520 μM) and possessed excellent relaxant effects on tracheal rings precontracted by histamine (pEC(50)=9.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shan
- Institute of Drug Synthesis and Pharmaceutical Process, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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