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Boutin JA, Witt-Enderby PA, Sotriffer C, Zlotos DP. Melatonin receptor ligands: A pharmaco-chemical perspective. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12672. [PMID: 32531076 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor ligands have been vigorously explored for the last 4 decades. Inspection of approximately 80 publications in the field revealed that most melatonergic ligands were structural analogues of melatonin combining three essential features of the parent compound: an aromatic ring bearing a methoxy group and an amide side chain in a relative arrangement similar to that present in melatonin. While several series of MT2 -selective agents-agonists, antagonists, or partial agonists-were reported, the field was lacking MT1 -selective agents. Herein, we describe various approaches toward the development of melatonergic ligands, keeping in mind that most of the molecules/pharmacophores obtained were essentially melatonin copies, even though diverse tri- or tetra-cyclic compounds were explored. In addition to lack of structural diversity, only few studies examined the activity of the reported melatonergic ligands in vivo. Moreover, an extensive pharmacological characterization including biopharmaceutical stability, pharmacokinetic properties, specificity toward other major receptors to name a few remained scarce. For example, many of the antagonists described were not stable in vivo, were not selective for the melatonin receptor subtype of interest, and were not fully characterized from a pharmacological standpoint. Indeed, virtual screening of large compound libraries has led to the recent discovery of potent and selective melatonin receptor agonists and partial agonists of new chemotypes. Having said this, the melatonergic field is still lacking subtype-selective melatonin receptor antagonists "active" in vivo, which are critical to our understanding of melatonin and melatonin receptors' role in basic physiology and disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Melatonin/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/chemistry
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Boutin
- Institut de Recherches Internationales SERVIER, Suresnes, France
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- School of Pharmacy & Graduate School of Pharmaceutical, Administrative and Social Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburg, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Darius P Zlotos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, Egypt
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Urvashi, Dar MO, Bharatam PV, Das P, Kukreti S, Tandon V. Cu(II)-catalyzed sulfonylation of 7-azaindoles using DABSO as SO2-Source and its mechanistic study. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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3
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Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Indole-based melatonin analogues: Synthetic approaches and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Sharma N, Anurag. 7-Azaindole Analogues as Bioactive Agents and Recent Results. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:727-736. [PMID: 30264679 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180928154004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Azaindoles have been accepted as important structures having various biological activities in medicinal chemistry in novel drug discovery. Various azaindole derivatives have been used commercially and newer analogues are synthesized continuously. As in literature, azaindole is a very potent moiety, its derivatives displayed a number of biological activities such as kinase inhibitors, cytotoxic agents, anti-angiogenic activity, CRTh2 receptor antagonists, melanin agonists, nicotine agonists, effectiveness in alzheimer disease, cytokinin analogs, Orai inhibitors in asthma and chemokine receptor- 2 (CCR2) antagonists. This review consists of biological activities of various azaindole analogs, reported so far, and their structure activity relations, along with future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Near Baghpat Crossing, Bypass Road, Meerut-250005, India
| | - Anurag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH-58, Near Baghpat Crossing, Bypass Road, Meerut-250005, India
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Immadi SS, Dopart R, Wu Z, Fu B, Kendall DA, Lu D. Exploring 6-Azaindole and 7-Azaindole Rings for Developing Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Allosteric Modulators. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:252-258. [PMID: 30547095 PMCID: PMC6290480 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Org27569 is a prototypical allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). It belongs to the indole-2-carboxamide scaffold and has been intensively investigated in pharmacology and in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. Although azaindoles are rare in natural products and differ only by the presence of an extra ring nitrogen, they were demonstrated as valuable bioisosteres in many pharmacologically important molecules. To extend the SAR investigation of the indole-2-carboxamide class of CB1 allosteric modulators, azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) rings were used to replace the indole ring of Org27569 analogs to explore the potential of azaindole-2-carboxamides as CB1 allosteric modulators. Using 6- and 7-azaindole in lieu of the indole moiety within this class of CB1 allosteric modulators indeed improved the aqueous solubility. Materials and Methods: We synthesized 6- and 7-azaindole-2-carboxamides and their indole-2-carboxamide counterparts. The molecules were evaluated by [3H]CP55,940 binding and [35S]GTPγS binding assays for their allosteric modulation of the CB1 receptor. Results: The 7-azaindole-2-carboxamides lost the ability to bind to the CB1 receptor. The 6-azaindole-2-carboxamides (e.g., 3c and 3d) showed markedly reduced binding affinities to the CB1 receptor in comparison with their indole-2-carboxamide counterparts. However, they behaved similarly as indole-2-carboxamides in potentiating the orthosteric agonist binding and inhibiting the orthosteric agonist-induced G-protein coupling. The results indicated that some azaindole scaffolds (e.g., 6-azaindole) are worth further exploration, whereas the 7-azaindole ring is not a viable bioisostere of the indole ring in the Org27569 class of CB1 allosteric modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Sujana Immadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas
| | - Rachel Dopart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Zhixing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas
| | - Boqiao Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas
| | - Debra A. Kendall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Dai Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas
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6
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Viault G, Poupart S, Mourlevat S, Lagaraine C, Devavry S, Lefoulon F, Bozon V, Dufourny L, Delagrange P, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorescent ligands for MT1 and/or MT2 melatonin receptors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent melatoninergic ligands have been designed by associating the 4-azamelatonin ligands with different fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Viault
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - S. Poupart
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | | | | | | | | | - V. Bozon
- PRC
- INRA
- CNRS
- IFCE
- Université de Tours
| | | | - P. Delagrange
- Institut de Recherche Servier
- Sciences Expérimentales
- 78290 Croissy
- France
| | - G. Guillaumet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
| | - F. Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique
- Université d’Orléans
- UMR CNRS 7311
- 45067 Orléans Cedex 2
- France
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Thireau J, Marteaux J, Delagrange P, Lefoulon F, Dufourny L, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Original Design of Fluorescent Ligands by Fusing BODIPY and Melatonin Neurohormone. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:158-61. [PMID: 24900790 DOI: 10.1021/ml4004155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An original design and synthesis of fluorescent ligands for melatonin receptor studies is presented and consists in the fusion of the endogenous ligand with the fluorescent BODIPY core. Probes I-IV show high affinities for MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors and exhibit fluorescence properties compatible with cell observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Thireau
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orleans, France
| | - Justine Marteaux
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orleans, France
| | - Philippe Delagrange
- Unité de
Recherches et Découvertes en Neurosciences, Institut de Recherches Servier, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | | | - Laurence Dufourny
- UMR INRA-CNRS 7247-Univ.
Tours-IFCE, PRC, Centre INRA de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Franck Suzenet
- Université d’Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orleans, France
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8
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Mąkosza M, Wojciechowski K. Synthesis of Heterocycles via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-sr(s)1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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9
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Jadhav J, Khanapaure S, Kurane R, Salunkhe R, Rashinkar G. Facile access to 3-cyano-4-azaindoles via a modified Madelung indole synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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10
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Zlotos DP, Jockers R, Cecon E, Rivara S, Witt-Enderby PA. MT1 and MT2 Melatonin Receptors: Ligands, Models, Oligomers, and Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3161-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401343c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darius. P. Zlotos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The German University in Cairo, New Cairo City, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016,
Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR
8104, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cecon
- Department
of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area
delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paula A. Witt-Enderby
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, 421 Mellon Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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12
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Thomae D, Jeanty M, Coste J, Guillaumet G, Suzenet F. Extending the Scope of the Aza-Fischer Synthesis of 4- and 6-Azaindoles. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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