1
|
Thilagavathi R, Hosseini-Zare MS, Malini M, Selvam C. A comprehensive review on glucokinase activators: Promising agents for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:247-263. [PMID: 34714587 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucokinase is a key enzyme which converts glucose into glucose-6-phosphate in the liver and pancreatic cells of the human. In the liver, glucokinase promotes the synthesis of glycogen, and in the pancreas, it helps in glucose-sensitive insulin release. It serves as a "glucose sensor" and thereby plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Due to this activity, glucokinase is considered as an attractive drug target for type 2 diabetes. It created a lot of interest among the researchers, and several small molecules were discovered. The research work was initiated in 1990. However, the hypoglycemic effect, increased liver burden, and loss of efficacy over time were faced during clinical development. Dorzagliatin, a novel glucokinase activator that acts on both the liver and pancreas, is in the late-stage clinical development. TTP399, a promising hepatoselective GK activator, showed a clinically significant and sustained reduction in glycated hemoglobin with a low risk of adverse effects. The successful findings generated immense interest to continue further research in finding small molecule GK activators for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The article covers different series of GK activators reported over the past decade and the structural insights into the GK-GK activator binding which, we believe will stimulate the discovery of novel GK activators to treat type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Thilagavathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini-Zare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manokaran Malini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India
| | - Chelliah Selvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Design and synthesis of newer N-benzimidazol-2yl benzamide analogues as allosteric activators of human glucokinase. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
3
|
Grewal AS, Lather V, Charaya N, Sharma N, Singh S, Kairys V. Recent Developments in Medicinal Chemistry of Allosteric Activators of Human Glucokinase for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Therapeutics. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2510-2552. [PMID: 32286938 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200414163148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucokinase (GK), a cytoplasmic enzyme catalyzes the metabolism of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate with the help of ATP and aids in the controlling of blood glucose levels within the normal range in humans. In pancreatic β-cells, it plays a chief role by controlling the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin and in liver hepatocyte cells, it controls the metabolism of carbohydrates. GK acts as a promising drug target for the pharmacological treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as it plays an important role in the control of carbohydrate metabolism. METHODS Data used for this review was based on the search from several science databases as well as various patent databases. The main data search terms used were allosteric GK activators, diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes, glucokinase, glucokinase activators and human glucokinase. RESULTS This article discusses an overview of T2DM, the biology of GK, the role of GK in T2DM, recent updates in the development of small molecule GK activators reported in recent literature, mechanism of action of GK activators and their clinical status. CONCLUSION GK activators are the novel class of pharmacological agents that enhance the catalytic activity of GK enzyme and display their antihyperglycemic effects. Broad diversity of chemical entities including benzamide analogues, carboxamides, acrylamides, benzimidazoles, quinazolines, thiazoles, pyrimidines, pyridines, orotic acid amides, amino acid derivatives, amino phosphates and urea derivatives have been synthesized in past two decades as potent allosteric activators of GK. Presently, the pharmaceutical companies and researchers are focusing on the design and development of liver-selective GK activators for preventing the possible adverse effects associated with GK activators for the long-term treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer S Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Charaya
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Haryana, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hetero-substituted sulfonamido-benzamide hybrids as glucokinase activators: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and in-silico ADME evaluation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
5
|
Khadse SC, Amnerkar ND, Dave MU, Lokwani DK, Patil RR, Ugale VG, Charbe NB, Chatpalliwar VA. Quinazolin-4-one derivatives lacking toxicity-producing attributes as glucokinase activators: design, synthesis, molecular docking, and in-silico ADMET prediction. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-019-0012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A small library of quinazolin-4-one clubbed thiazole acetates/acetamides lacking toxicity-producing functionalities was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antidiabetic potential as glucokinase activators (GKA). Molecular docking studies were done in the allosteric site of the human glucokinase (PDB ID: 1V4S) enzyme to assess the binding mode and interactions of synthesized hits for best-fit conformations. All the compounds were evaluated by in vitro enzymatic assay for GK activation.
Results
Data showed that compounds 3 (EC50 = 632 nM) and 4 (EC50 = 516 nM) showed maximum GK activation compared to the standards RO-281675 and piragliatin. Based on the results of the in vitro enzyme assay, docking studies, and substitution pattern, selected compounds were tested for their glucose-lowering effect in vivo by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal rats. Compounds 3 (133 mg/dL) and 4 (135 mg/dL) exhibited prominent activity by lowering the glucose level to almost normal, eliciting the results in parallel to enzyme assay and docking studies. Binding free energy, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interactions of most active quinazolin-4-one derivatives 3 and 4 with key amino acid residues of the 1V4S enzyme were studied precisely. Preliminary in-silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction was carried out using SwissADME and PreADMET online software which revealed that all the compounds have the potential to become orally active antidiabetic agents as they obeyed Lipinski's rule of five.
Conclusion
The results revealed that the designed lead could be significant for the strategic design of safe, effective, and orally bioavailable quinazolinone derivatives as glucokinase activators.
Collapse
|
6
|
Grewal AS, Kharb R, Prasad DN, Dua JS, Lather V. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 3,5-disubstituted benzamide derivatives as allosteric glucokinase activators. BMC Chem 2019; 13:2. [PMID: 31384754 PMCID: PMC6661843 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK) is the key enzyme expressed in β-cells of pancreas and liver hepatocytes and helps in the maintenance of blood glucose levels in normal range. Activators of GK are the novel category of drug candidates which activate GK enzyme allosterically and show their antidiabetic activity. A new series of 3,5-disubstituted benzamide analogues was designed, synthesized and evaluated as GK activators by in vitro assay as well as in silico docking studies followed by evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity in animal model. Amongst the synthesized derivatives, compounds 5c, 5f, 5i, 6c, 6e and 6h displayed excellent in vitro GK activation. Compounds 6c and 6e exhibited highest antihyperglycemic activity in oral glucose tolerance test in animal model. Compound 6e displayed most significant antihyperglycemic activity and comparable to that of standard drug in animal studies. In addition, antihyperglycemic activity of the synthesized molecules was further supported by the in silico docking studies of the synthesized derivatives in the allosteric site of GK protein.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer Singh Grewal
- 1Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401 India.,2I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab 144601 India
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- 3Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P 201303 India
| | | | | | - Viney Lather
- 3Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, U.P 201303 India.,Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy, Sirsa, Haryana 125055 India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grewal AS, Kharb R, Prasad DN, Dua JS, Lather V. N-pyridin-2-yl benzamide analogues as allosteric activators of glucokinase: Design, synthesis, in vitro,in silico and in vivo evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:364-372. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy; Chitkara University; Rajpura Punjab India
- I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University; Jalandhar Punjab India
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | | | | | - Viney Lather
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy; Amity University; Noida Uttar Pradesh India
- Jan Nayak Ch. Devi Lal Memorial College of Pharmacy; Sirsa Haryana India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Charaya N, Pandita D, Grewal AS, Lather V. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazol-2-yl benzamide derivatives as glucokinase activators. Comput Biol Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
9
|
Park K, Lee BM, Hyun KH, Han T, Lee DH, Choi HH. Design and Synthesis of Acetylenyl Benzamide Derivatives as Novel Glucokinase Activators for the Treatment of T2DM. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:296-301. [PMID: 25815149 DOI: 10.1021/ml5004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel acetylenyl-containing benzamide derivatives were synthesized and screened using an in vitro assay measuring increases in glucokinase activity stimulated by 10 mM glucose concentration and glucose uptake in rat hepatocytes. Lead optimization of an acetylenyl benzamide series led to the discovery of several active compounds via in vitro enzyme assays (EC50 < 40 nM) and in vivo OGTT assays (AUC reduction > 40% at 50 mg/kg). Of the active compounds tested, 3-(3-amino-phenylethynyl)-5-(2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethoxy)-N-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-benzamide (19) was identified as a potent glucokinase activator exhibiting an EC50 of 27 nM and eliciting a 2.16-fold increase in glucose uptake. Compound 19 caused a glucose AUC reduction of 47.4% (30 mg/kg) in an OGTT study in C57BL/6J mice compared to 22.6% for sitagliptin (30 mg/kg). Single treatment of the compound 19 in C57BL/6J mice elicited basal glucose lowering activity without any significant evidence for hypoglycemia risk. Compound 19 was therefore selected as a candidate for further preclinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaapjoo Park
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Moon Lee
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hoon Hyun
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taedong Han
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Choi
- Yuhan Research Institute, 25, Tapsil-ro 35beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pike KG, Morris J, Ruston L, Pass SL, Greenwood R, Williams EJ, Demeritt J, Culshaw JD, Gill K, Pass M, Finlay MRV, Good CJ, Roberts CA, Currie GS, Blades K, Eden JM, Pearson SE. Discovery of AZD3147: a potent, selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2326-49. [PMID: 25643210 DOI: 10.1021/jm501778s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
High throughput screening followed by a lead generation campaign uncovered a novel series of urea containing morpholinopyrimidine compounds which act as potent and selective dual inhibitors of mTORC1 and mTORC2. We describe the continued compound optimization campaign for this series, in particular focused on identifying compounds with improved cellular potency, improved aqueous solubility, and good stability in human hepatocyte incubations. Knowledge from empirical SAR investigations was combined with an understanding of the molecular interactions in the crystal lattice to improve both cellular potency and solubility, and the composite parameters of LLE and pIC50-pSolubility were used to assess compound quality and progress. Predictive models were employed to efficiently mine the attractive chemical space identified resulting in the discovery of 42 (AZD3147), an extremely potent and selective dual inhibitor of mTORC1 and mTORC2 with physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties suitable for development as a potential clinical candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt G Pike
- Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Park K, Lee BM, Hyun KH, Lee DH, Choi HH, Kim H, Chong W, Kim KB, Nam SY. Discovery of 3-(4-methanesulfonylphenoxy)-N-[1-(2-methoxy-ethoxymethyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]-5-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)-benzamide as a novel glucokinase activator (GKA) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2280-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
12
|
Park K. Identification of YH-GKA, a novel benzamide glucokinase activator as therapeutic candidate for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 35:2029-33. [PMID: 23263798 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glucokinase activator is expectedly associated with a dual mechanism for lowering blood glucose concentration by the enhancement of glucose uptake in the liver and insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cell. Therefore, glucokinase has been an attractive target for anti-diabetic therapy. Novel benzamide derivatives were synthesized and tested using in vitro assays by measuring fold increase of glucokinase activity at 5.0 mM glucose concentration. Among the prepared compounds, YH-GKA was found to be an active glucokinase activator with EC(50) of 70 nM and glucose area under the curve reduction of 29.6% at 50 mg/kg in an oral glucose tolerance test. In a subchronic study with ob/ob mice, YH-GKA showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels and no adverse effects on serum lipids or body weight. Overall, YH-GKA is a promising candidate for the therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaapjoo Park
- Yuhan Research Institute, Yongin 446-902, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Filipski KJ, Guzman-Perez A, Bian J, Perreault C, Aspnes GE, Didiuk MT, Dow RL, Hank RF, Jones CS, Maguire RJ, Tu M, Zeng D, Liu S, Knafels JD, Litchfield J, Atkinson K, Derksen DR, Bourbonais F, Gajiwala KS, Hickey M, Johnson TO, Humphries PS, Pfefferkorn JA. Pyrimidone-based series of glucokinase activators with alternative donor–acceptor motif. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4571-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Kandalkar SR, Kaduskar RD, Ramaiah PA, Barawkar DA, Bhuniya D, Deshpande AM. Highly efficient one-pot amination of carboxylate-substituted nitrogen-containing heteroaryl chlorides via Staudinger reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
15
|
Park K, Lee BM, Kim YH, Han T, Yi W, Lee DH, Choi HH, Chong W, Lee CH. Discovery of a novel phenylethyl benzamide glucokinase activator for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Waring MJ, Bennett SNL, Boyd S, Campbell L, Davies RDM, Gerhardt S, Hargreaves D, Martin NG, Robb GR, Wilkinson G. Matched triplicate design sets in the optimisation of glucokinase activators – maximising medicinal chemistry information content. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md20367k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
McKerrecher D, Waring MJ. Property-based design in the optimisation of benzamide glucokinase activators: from hit to clinic. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013; 52:1-43. [PMID: 23384665 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62652-3.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren McKerrecher
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bonn P, Brink DM, Fägerhag J, Jurva U, Robb GR, Schnecke V, Svensson Henriksson A, Waring MJ, Westerlund C. The discovery of a novel series of glucokinase activators based on a pyrazolopyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:7302-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Pfefferkorn JA, Guzman-Perez A, Litchfield J, Aiello R, Treadway JL, Pettersen J, Minich ML, Filipski KJ, Jones CS, Tu M, Aspnes G, Risley H, Bian J, Stevens BD, Bourassa P, D’Aquila T, Baker L, Barucci N, Robertson AS, Bourbonais F, Derksen DR, MacDougall M, Cabrera O, Chen J, Lapworth AL, Landro JA, Zavadoski WJ, Atkinson K, Haddish-Berhane N, Tan B, Yao L, Kosa RE, Varma MV, Feng B, Duignan DB, El-Kattan A, Murdande S, Liu S, Ammirati M, Knafels J, DaSilva-Jardine P, Sweet L, Liras S, Rolph TP. Discovery of (S)-6-(3-Cyclopentyl-2-(4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl)propanamido)nicotinic Acid as a Hepatoselective Glucokinase Activator Clinical Candidate for Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2012; 55:1318-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2014887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Pfefferkorn
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Angel Guzman-Perez
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Litchfield
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert Aiello
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Judith L. Treadway
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Pettersen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Martha L. Minich
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kevin J. Filipski
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher S. Jones
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Meihua Tu
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Gary Aspnes
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hud Risley
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jianwei Bian
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Stevens
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia Bourassa
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Theresa D’Aquila
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Levenia Baker
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicole Barucci
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Alan S. Robertson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Francis Bourbonais
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David R. Derksen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Margit MacDougall
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Over Cabrera
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amanda Lee Lapworth
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James A. Landro
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - William J. Zavadoski
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Karen Atkinson
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nahor Haddish-Berhane
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beijing Tan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lili Yao
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rachel E. Kosa
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Manthena V. Varma
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bo Feng
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David B. Duignan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ayman El-Kattan
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sharad Murdande
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Shenping Liu
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Ammirati
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John Knafels
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paul DaSilva-Jardine
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Laurel Sweet
- Groton Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Spiros Liras
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Timothy P. Rolph
- Cambridge Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Waring MJ, Clarke DS, Fenwick MD, Godfrey L, Groombridge SD, Johnstone C, McKerrecher D, Pike KG, Rayner JW, Robb GR, Wilson I. Property based optimisation of glucokinase activators – discovery of the phase IIb clinical candidate AZD1656. MEDCHEMCOMM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2md20077e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
21
|
Waring MJ, Johnstone C, McKerrecher D, Pike KG, Robb G. Matrix-based multiparameter optimisation of glucokinase activators: the discovery of AZD1092. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
Waring MJ, Brogan IJ, Coghlan M, Johnstone C, Jones HB, Leighton B, McKerrecher D, Pike KG, Robb GR. Overcoming retinoic acid receptor-α based testicular toxicity in the optimisation of glucokinase activators. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1md00090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|