1
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Győrffy B. Transcriptome-level discovery of survival-associated biomarkers and therapy targets in non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:362-374. [PMID: 37783508 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Survival rate of patients with lung cancer has increased by over 60% in the recent two decades. With longer survival, the identification of genes associated with survival has emerged as an issue of utmost importance to uncover the most promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH An integrated database was set up by combining multiple independent datasets with clinical data and transcriptome-level gene expression measurements. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed to identify genes with higher expression levels linked to shorter survival. The strongest genes were filtered to include only those with known druggability. KEY RESULTS The entire database includes 2852 tumour specimens from 17 independent cohorts. Of these, 2227 have overall survival data and 1256 samples have progression-free survival time. The most significant genes associated with survival were MIF, UBC and B2M in lung adenocarcinoma and ANXA2, CSNK2A2 and KRT18 in squamous cell carcinoma. We also aimed to reveal the best druggable targets in non-smokers lung cancer. The three most promising hits in this cohort were MDK, THY1 and PADI2. The established lung cancer cohort was added to the Kaplan-Meier plotter (https://www.kmplot.com) enabling the validation of future gene expression-based biomarkers in both the present and yet unexamined subgroups of patients. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In this study, we established a comprehensive database of transcriptome-level data for lung cancer. The database can be utilized to identify and rank the most promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different subtypes of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Wang H, Yan R. Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Step Synthesis of Isothiazolone/1,2‐Selenazolone Derivatives via [3+1+1] Annulation of Cyclopropenones, Anilines, and Elemental Chalcogens. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, Gansu People's Republic of China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000, Gansu People's Republic of China
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3
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Li L, Xu M, Rowan SC, Howell K, Russell-Hallinan A, Donnelly SC, McLoughlin P, Baugh JA. The effects of genetic deletion of Macrophage migration inhibitory factor on the chronically hypoxic pulmonary circulation. Pulm Circ 2021; 10:2045894020941352. [PMID: 33447370 PMCID: PMC7780187 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020941352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is well established that the haemodynamic cause of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is increased pulmonary vascular resistance, the molecular pathogenesis of the increased resistance remains incompletely understood. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a pleiotropic cytokine with endogenous tautomerase enzymatic activity as well as both intracellular and extracellular signalling functions. In several diseases, macrophage migration inhibitory factor has pro-inflammatory roles that are dependent upon signalling through the cell surface receptors CD74, CXCR2 and CXCR4. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression is increased in animal models of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and macrophage migration inhibitory factor tautomerase inhibitors, which block some of the functions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and have been shown to attenuate hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. However, because of the multiple pathways through which it acts, the integrated actions of macrophage migration inhibitory factor during the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension were unclear. We report here that isolated lungs from adult macrophage migration inhibitory factor knockout (MIF-/- ) mice maintained in normoxic conditions showed greater acute hypoxic vasoconstriction than the lungs of wild type mice (MIF+/+ ). Following exposure to hypoxia for three weeks, isolated lungs from MIF-/- mice had significantly higher pulmonary vascular resistance than those from MIF+/+ mice. The major mechanism underlying the greater increase in pulmonary vascular resistance in the hypoxic MIF-/- mice was reduction of the pulmonary vascular bed due to an impairment of the normal hypoxia-induced expansion of the alveolar capillary network. Taken together, these results demonstrate that macrophage migration inhibitory factor plays a central role in the development of the pulmonary vascular responses to chronic alveolar hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maojia Xu
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon C Rowan
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katherine Howell
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adam Russell-Hallinan
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Tallaght University Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul McLoughlin
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A Baugh
- UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Castelli R, Scalvini L, Vacondio F, Lodola A, Anselmi M, Vezzosi S, Carmi C, Bassi M, Ferlenghi F, Rivara S, Møller IR, Rand KD, Daglian J, Wei D, Dotsey EY, Ahmed F, Jung KM, Stella N, Singh S, Mor M, Piomelli D. Benzisothiazolinone Derivatives as Potent Allosteric Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors That Functionally Mimic Sulfenylation of Regulatory Cysteines. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1261-1280. [PMID: 31714779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We describe a set of benzisothiazolinone (BTZ) derivatives that are potent inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL), the primary degrading enzyme for the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG). Structure-activity relationship studies evaluated various substitutions on the nitrogen atom and the benzene ring of the BTZ nucleus. Optimized derivatives with nanomolar potency allowed us to investigate the mechanism of MGL inhibition. Site-directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry experiments showed that BTZs interact in a covalent reversible manner with regulatory cysteines, Cys201 and Cys208, causing a reversible sulfenylation known to modulate MGL activity. Metadynamics simulations revealed that BTZ adducts favor a closed conformation of MGL that occludes substrate recruitment. The BTZ derivative 13 protected neuronal cells from oxidative stimuli and increased 2-AG levels in the mouse brain. The results identify Cys201 and Cys208 as key regulators of MGL function and point to the BTZ scaffold as a useful starting point for the discovery of allosteric MGL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Castelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Laura Scalvini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Mattia Anselmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Stefano Vezzosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Caterina Carmi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Michele Bassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Francesca Ferlenghi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Ingvar R Møller
- Department of Pharmacy , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kasper D Rand
- Department of Pharmacy , Universitetsparken 2 , DK-2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nephi Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-7280 , United States
| | - Simar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-7280 , United States
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università degli Studi di Parma , Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A , I-43124 Parma , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale Biopharmanet-tec , Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze , Tecnopolo Padiglione 33 , I-43124 Parma , Italy
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5
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Bilsborrow JB, Doherty E, Tilstam PV, Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:733-744. [PMID: 31414920 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1656718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine with upstream regulatory roles in innate and adaptive immunity and is implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several classes of MIF inhibitors such as small molecule inhibitors and peptide inhibitors are in clinical development. Areas covered. The role of MIF in the pathogenesis of RA and SLE is examined; the authors review the structure, physiology and signaling characteristics of MIF and the related cytokine D-DT/MIF-2. The preclinical and clinical trial data for MIF inhibitors are also reviewed; information was retrieved from PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov using the keywords MIF, D-DT/MIF-2, CD74, CD44, CXCR2, CXCR4, Jab-1, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, MIF inhibitor, small molecule, anti-MIF, anti-CD74, and peptide inhibitor. Expert opinion. Studies in mice and in humans demonstrate the therapeutic potential of MIF inhibition for RA and SLE. MIF- directed approaches could be particularly efficacious in patients with high expression MIF genetic polymorphisms. In patients with RA and SLE and high expression MIF alleles, targeted MIF inhibition could be a precision medicine approach to treatment. Anti-MIF pharmacotherapies could also be steroid-sparing in patients with chronic glucocorticoid dependence or refractory autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Bilsborrow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Edward Doherty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Pathricia V Tilstam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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6
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Yang L, Song L, Tang S, Li L, Li H, Yuan B, Yang G. Co-Catalyzed Intramolecular S-N Bond Formation in Water for 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H
)-ones and 1,2,4-Thiadiazoles Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Shanyu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Longjia Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Heng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Bingxin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Zhengzhou University; 100 Kexue Avenue 450001 Zhengzhou P. R. China
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7
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Yang K, Zhang H, Niu B, Tang T, Ge H. Benzisothiazol-3-ones through a Metal-Free Intramolecular N-S Bond Formation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University Purdue, University Indianapolis; 46202 Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University Purdue, University Indianapolis; 46202 Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Tiandi Tang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Changzhou University; 1 Gehu Road 213164 Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Haibo Ge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Indiana University Purdue, University Indianapolis; 46202 Indianapolis Indiana USA
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8
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Trivedi-Parmar V, Jorgensen WL. Advances and Insights for Small Molecule Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8104-8119. [PMID: 29812929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of the immune response whose dysregulation is tied to a broad spectrum of inflammatory and proliferative disorders. As its complex signaling pathways and pleiotropic nature have been elucidated, it has become an attractive target for drug discovery. Remarkably, MIF is both a cytokine and an enzyme that functions as a keto-enol tautomerase. Strategies including in silico modeling, virtual screening, high-throughput screening, and screening of anti-inflammatory natural products have led to a large and diverse catalogue of MIF inhibitors as well as some understanding of the structure-activity relationships for compounds binding MIF's tautomerase active site. With possible clinical trials of some MIF inhibitors on the horizon, it is an opportune time to review the literature to seek trends, address inconsistencies, and identify promising new avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Trivedi-Parmar
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
| | - William L Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520-8107 , United States
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9
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Viani F, Rossi B, Panzeri W, Merlini L, Martorana AM, Polissi A, Galante YM. Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of a library of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) derivatives amenable of crosslinking to polysaccharides. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Broad spectrum anti-infective properties of benzisothiazolones and the parallels in their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal effects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1291-1295. [PMID: 28159413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various mono- and bis-benzisothiazolone derivatives were synthesized and screened against different strains of bacteria and fungi in order to understand the effect of multiple electrophilic sulfur atoms and substitution pattern in the immediate vicinity of reactive sulfur. Staphyllococcus aureus-ATCC 7000699, MRSA and S. aureus-ATCC 29213 (Quality Control strain) were more susceptible to this class of compounds, and the most potent derivative 1.15 had MIC50 of 0.4μg/mL (cf. Gentamicin=0.78μg/mL). CLogP value, optimally in the range of 2.5-3.5, appeared to contribute more to the activity than the steric and electronic effects of groups attached at nitrogen. By and large, their anti-fungal activities also followed a similar trend with respect to the structure and CLogP values. The best potency of IC50=0.1μg/mL was shown by N-benzyl derivative (1.7) against Aspergillus fumigatus; it was also potent against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Sporothrix schenckii, and Candida parapsilosis with IC50 values ranging from 0.4 to 1.3μg/mL. Preliminary studies also showed that this class of compounds have the ability to target malaria parasite with IC50 values in low micromolar range, and improvement of selectivity is possible through structure optimization.
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11
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Xu F, Chen Y, Fan E, Sun Z. Synthesis of 3-Substituted Aryl[4,5]isothiazoles through an All-Heteroatom Wittig-Equivalent Process. Org Lett 2016; 18:2777-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Erkang Fan
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Zhihua Sun
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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12
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Cisneros JA, Robertson MJ, Valhondo M, Jorgensen WL. Irregularities in enzyme assays: The case of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2764-2767. [PMID: 27156768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) previously reported in the literature have been reexamined by synthesis, assaying for tautomerase activity, and protein crystallography. Substantial inconsistencies between prior and current assay results are noted. They appear to arise from difficulties with the tautomerase substrates, solubility issues, and especially covalent inhibition. Incubation time variation shows that 3, 4, 6, and 9 are covalent or slow-binding inhibitors. Two protein crystal structures are provided; one confirms that the twice-discovered 3 is a covalent inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States
| | - Margarita Valhondo
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States
| | - William L Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, United States.
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13
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Pantouris G, Syed MA, Fan C, Rajasekaran D, Cho TY, Rosenberg EM, Bucala R, Bhandari V, Lolis EJ. An Analysis of MIF Structural Features that Control Functional Activation of CD74. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:1197-205. [PMID: 26364929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
For more than 15 years, the tautomerase active site of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its catalytic residue Pro1 have been being targeted for the development of therapeutics that block activation of its cell surface receptor, CD74. Neither the biological role of the MIF catalytic site nor the mechanistic details of CD74 activation are well understood. The inherently unstable structure of CD74 remains the biggest obstacle in structural studies with MIF for understanding the basis of CD74 activation. Using a novel approach, we elucidate the mechanistic details that control activation of CD74 by MIF surface residues and identify structural parameters of inhibitors that reduce CD74 biological activation. We also find that N-terminal mutants located deep in the catalytic site affect surface residues immediately outside the catalytic site, which are responsible for reduction of CD74 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pantouris
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chengpeng Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Deepa Rajasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Thomas Yoonsang Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Eric M Rosenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard Bucala
- Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elias J Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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14
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Pantouris G, Rajasekaran D, Garcia AB, Ruiz VG, Leng L, Jorgensen WL, Bucala R, Lolis EJ. Crystallographic and Receptor Binding Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Complexed to Two Potent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8652-6. [PMID: 25268646 PMCID: PMC4207548 DOI: 10.1021/jm501168q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
report the crystal structures of two inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum macrophage migration inhibitory
factor (PfMIF) with nanomolar Ki’s, analyze their interactions with the active site
of PfMIF, and provide explanations regarding their
selectivity of PfMIF versus human MIF. These inhibitors
were also found to selectively inhibit interactions between PfMIF and the human MIF receptor CD74. The results of this
study provide the framework for the development of new therapeutics
that target PfMIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pantouris
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Deepa Rajasekaran
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Alvaro Baeza Garcia
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Victor G. Ruiz
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Lin Leng
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - William L. Jorgensen
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Richard Bucala
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
| | - Elias J. Lolis
- Departments
of Pharmacology, ‡Internal Medicine, §Chemistry, and the ∥Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8066, United States
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15
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Rajasekaran D, Zierow S, Syed M, Bucala R, Bhandari V, Lolis EJ. Targeting distinct tautomerase sites of D-DT and MIF with a single molecule for inhibition of neutrophil lung recruitment. FASEB J 2014; 28:4961-71. [PMID: 25016026 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-256636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a new inflammatory activity for extracellular d-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), the recruitment of neutrophils to the lung on D-DT intratracheal installation of C57BL/6J mice with an EC50 of 5.6 μg. We also find that D-DT and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) have additive effects in neutrophil recruitment. Although the tautomerase site of D-DT and its homologue MIF are biophysically very different, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP) forms a covalent bond with Pro-1 of both proteins, resulting in a 6-phenylpyrimidine (6-PP) adduct. Recruitment of neutrophils to the lung for the 6-PP adducts of D-DT and MIF are reduced by ∼ 50% relative to the apo proteins, demonstrating that an unmodified Pro-1 is important for this activity, but there is no cooperativity in inhibition of the proteins together. The differences in the binding mode of the 6-PP adduct for D-DT was determined by crystallographic studies at 1.13 Å resolution and compared to the structure of the MIF-6-PP complex. There are major differences in the location of the 6-PP adduct to the D-DT and MIF active sites that provide insight into the lack of cooperativity by 4-IPP and into tuning the properties of the covalent inhibitors of D-DT and MIF that are necessary for the development of therapeutic small molecules against neutrophil damage from lung infections such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Elias J Lolis
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Sayegh J, Cao J, Zou MR, Morales A, Blair LP, Norcia M, Hoyer D, Tackett AJ, Merkel JS, Yan Q. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of Jumonji AT-rich interactive domain 1B (JARID1B) histone demethylase by a sensitive high throughput screen. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9408-17. [PMID: 23408432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
JARID1B (also known as KDM5B or PLU1) is a member of the JARID1 family of histone lysine demethylases responsible for the demethylation of trimethylated lysine 27 in histone H3 (H3K4me3), a mark for actively transcribed genes. JARID1B is overexpressed in several cancers, including breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. In addition, JARID1B is required for mammary tumor formation in syngeneic or xenograft mouse models. JARID1B-expressing melanoma cells are associated with increased self-renewal character. Therefore, JARID1B represents an attractive target for cancer therapy. Here we characterized JARID1B using a homogeneous luminescence-based demethylase assay. We then conducted a high throughput screen of over 15,000 small molecules to identify inhibitors of JARID1B. From this screen, we identified several known JmjC histone demethylase inhibitors, including 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and catechols. More importantly, we identified several novel inhibitors, including 2-4(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (PBIT), which inhibits JARID1B with an IC50 of about 3 μm in vitro. Consistent with this, PBIT treatment inhibited removal of H3K4me3 by JARID1B in cells. Furthermore, this compound inhibited proliferation of cells expressing higher levels of JARID1B. These results suggest that this novel small molecule inhibitor is a lead compound that can be further optimized for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Sayegh
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Reidy T, Rittenberg A, Dwyer M, D'Ortona S, Pier G, Gadjeva M. Homotrimeric macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) drives inflammatory responses in the corneal epithelium by promoting caveolin-rich platform assembly in response to infection. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8269-8278. [PMID: 23372160 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.351064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation that arises during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced ocular infection can trigger tissue damage resulting in long term impairment of visual function, suggesting that the appropriate treatment strategy should include the use of anti-inflammatory agents in addition to antibiotics. We recently identified a potential target for modulation during ocular infection, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). MIF deficiency protected mice from inflammatory-mediated corneal damage resulting from acute bacterial keratitis. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of MIF activity, we analyzed the oligomeric states and functional properties of MIF during infection. We found that in human primary corneal cells infected with P. aeruginosa, MIF is primarily in a homotrimeric state. Homotrimeric MIF levels correlated with the severity of infection in the corneas of infected mice, suggesting that the MIF homotrimers were the functionally active form of MIF. During infection, human primary corneal cells released more IL-8 when treated with recombinant, locked MIF trimers than when treated with lower MIF oligomers. MIF promoted P. aeruginosa-induced IL-8 responses via the formation of caveolin-1-rich "signaling hubs" in the corneal cells that led to elevated MAPK p42/p44 activation and sustained inflammatory signaling. These findings suggest that inhibiting homotrimerization of MIF or the functional activities of MIF homotrimers could have therapeutic benefits during ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reidy
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Alexander Rittenberg
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Markryan Dwyer
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Samantha D'Ortona
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gerald Pier
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mihaela Gadjeva
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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Lai H, Dou D, Aravapalli S, Teramoto T, Lushington GH, Mwania TM, Alliston KR, Eichhorn DM, Padmanabhan R, Groutas WC. Design, synthesis and characterization of novel 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid derivatives: potent inhibitors of Dengue and West Nile virus NS2B/NS3 proteases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:102-13. [PMID: 23211969 PMCID: PMC3563426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-ones and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles individually have recently attracted considerable interest in drug discovery, including as antibacterial and antifungal agents. In this study, a series of functionalized 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid derivatives were synthesized and subsequently screened against Dengue and West Nile virus proteases. Ten out of twenty-four compounds showed greater than 50% inhibition against DENV2 and WNV proteases ([I] = 10 μM). The IC(50) values of compound 7n against DENV2 and WNV NS2B/NS3 were found to be 3.75 ± 0.06 and 4.22 ± 0.07 μM, respectively. The kinetics data support a competitive mode of inhibition by compound 7n. Molecular modeling studies were performed to delineate the putative binding mode of this series of compounds. This study reveals that the hybrid series arising from the linking of the two scaffolds provides a suitable platform for conducting a hit-to-lead optimization campaign via iterative structure-activity relationship studies, in vitro screening and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiguo Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Sridhar Aravapalli
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Tadahisa Teramoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Tom M. Mwania
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Kevin R. Alliston
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - David M. Eichhorn
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - R. Padmanabhan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - William C. Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
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Sanchez-Niño MD, Sanz AB, Ruiz-Andres O, Poveda J, Izquierdo MC, Selgas R, Egido J, Ortiz A. MIF, CD74 and other partners in kidney disease: tales of a promiscuous couple. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 24:23-40. [PMID: 22959722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is increased in kidney and urine during kidney disease. MIF binds to and activates CD74 and chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4. CD74 is a protein trafficking regulator and a cell membrane receptor for MIF, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT/MIF-2) and bacterial proteins. MIF signaling through CD74 requires CD44. CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are upregulated in renal cells in diseased kidneys and MIF activation of CD74 in kidney cells promotes an inflammatory response. MIF or CXCR2 targeting protects from experimental kidney injury, CD44 deficiency modulates kidney injury and CXCR4 activation promotes glomerular injury. However, the contribution of MIF or MIF-2 to these actions of MIF receptors has not been explored. The safety and efficacy of strategies targeting MIF, CD74, CD44 and CXCR4 are under study in humans.
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Abstract
There has been considerable progress in our understanding of cardiac cell metabolism in health and disease, yet important gaps remain in basic knowledge and its translation to clinical care. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions either to conserve ATP or to promote alternative methods of ATP generation. Since the discovery of AMPK more than three decades ago and demonstration of its expression in the heart, interest has grown exponentially in this major fuel gauge as a modulator of the cellular response to ischemia. Such pathway may potentially explain the strong association between metabolic syndrome and ischemic heart disease. Still missing from our most recent cardiology textbooks, this article aims to summarize our understanding so far of the role of AMPK in coordinating the cellular response to ischemic stress and reperfusion injury in the heart. We aim to provide a focused update on the pharmacological agents activating AMPK for treatment of diabetes that show potential cardioprotective effects. Our hope is to stimulate future researchers to the potential benefits of harnessing the AMPK signaling pathway, or better one of its novel downstream targets for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
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