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Ahmed NM, Mohamed MS, Awad SM, Abd El-Hameed RH, El-tawab NAA, Gaballah MS, Said AM. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of novel 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidine derivatives as potent anticancer agents against leukemia and apoptotic inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2304625. [PMID: 38348824 PMCID: PMC10866072 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2304625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel series of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidines and condensed pyrimidines analogues were prepared. All the synthesized compounds (1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-r and 5a-c) were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity by the National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA) against 60 cell lines. Compound 1c showed promising anticancer activity and was selected for the five-dose testing. Results demonstrated that compound 1c possessed broad spectrum anti-cancer activity against the nine cancerous subpanels tested with selectivity ratio ranging from 0.7 to 39 at the GI50 level with high selectivity towards leukaemia. Mechanistic studies showed that Compound 1c showed comparable activity to Duvelisib against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 0.0034 and 0.0025 μM, respectively) and arrested cell cycle at the S phase and displayed significant increase in the early and late apoptosis in HL60 and leukaemia SR cells. The necrosis percentage showed a significant increase from 1.13% to 3.41% in compound 1c treated HL60 cells as well as from 1.51% to 4.72% in compound 1c treated leukaemia SR cells. Also, compound 1c triggered apoptosis by activating caspase 3, Bax, P53 and suppressing Bcl2. Moreover, 1c revealed a good safety profile against human normal lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38 cells). Molecular analysis of Duvelisib and compound 1c in PI3K was performed. Finally, these results suggest that 2-thiopyrimidine derivative 1c might serve as a model for designing novel anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mosaad S. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Awad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed S. Gaballah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Athenex Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA
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2
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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A comprehensive review on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111073. [PMID: 38823538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. Dysregulation of normal signalling pathways in cancer contributes to the different hallmarks of this disease. The signalling pathway of which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a part is not an exception. In fact, dysregulated activation of PI3K signalling pathways can result in unbridled cellular proliferation and enhanced cell survival, thereby fostering the onset and advancement of cancer. Therefore, there is substantial interest in developing targeted therapies specifically aimed at inhibiting the PI3K enzyme and its associated pathways. Also, the therapeutic interest on pyrazoles and indazoles has been growing due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as PI3K inhibitors, and they showed promising results. There are already some PI3K inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Idelalisib (Zydelig®) and Alpelisib (Piqray®). In this context, this review aims to address the importance of PI3K in cellular processes and its role in cancer. Additionally, it aims to report a comprehensive literature review of PI3K inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PI3K inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Donlon TA, Chen R, Masaki KH, Willcox BJ, Morris BJ. Association with Longevity of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Regulatory Subunit 1 Gene Variants Stems from Protection against Mortality Risk in Men with Cardiovascular Disease. Gerontology 2021; 68:162-170. [PMID: 34077942 DOI: 10.1159/000515390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic variation in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reregulatory subunit 1 gene (PIK3R1) is associated with longevity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects this association. METHODS We performed a longitudinal study of longevity-associated PIK3R1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7709243 genotype by CVD status in 3,584 elderly American men of Japanese ancestry. RESULTS At baseline (1991-1993), 2,254 subjects had CVD and 1,314 did not. The follow-up until Dec 31, 2019 found that overall, men with a CVD had higher mortality than men without a CVD (p = 1.7 × 10-5). However, survival curves of CVD subjects differed according to PIK3R1 genotype. Those with longevity-associated PIK3R1 TT/CC had survival curves similar to those of subjects without a CVD (p = 0.11 for TT/CC, and p = 0.054 for TC), whereas survival curves for CVD subjects with the CT genotype were significantly attenuated compared with survival curves of subjects without a CVD (p = 0.0000012 compared with TT/CC, and p = 0.0000028 compared with TC). Men without CVD showed no association of longevity-associated genotype with life span (p = 0.58). Compared to subjects without any CVD, hazard ratios for mortality risk were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.39; p = 0.0000043) for CT subject with CVD and 1.07 (95% CI 0.99-1.17; p = 0.097) for CC/TT subjects with CVD. There was no genotypic effect on life span for 1,007 subjects with diabetes and 486 with cancer. CONCLUSION Our study provides novel insights into the basis for PIK3R1 as a longevity gene. We suggest that the PIK3R1 longevity genotype attenuates mortality risk in at-risk individuals by protection against cellular stress caused by CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Donlon
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Department of Pathology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Randi Chen
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Brian J Morris
- Department of Research, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
FOXO proteins are transcription factors that are involved in numerous physiological processes and in various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic neurological diseases. For example, FOXO proteins are context-dependent tumour suppressors that are frequently inactivated in human cancers, and FOXO3 is the second most replicated gene associated with extreme human longevity. Therefore, pharmacological manipulation of FOXO proteins is a promising approach to developing therapeutics for cancer and for healthy ageing. In this Review, we overview the role of FOXO proteins in health and disease and discuss the pharmacological approaches to modulate FOXO function.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidine-5-carbonitriles featuring morpholine moiety as antitumor agents. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:403-421. [PMID: 32027179 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Design and synthesis of novel morpholinopyrimidine-5-carbonitriles as antitumor agents. Materials & methods: New series of morpholinopyrimidine-5-carbonitriles have been synthesized. 19 derivatives (3b, 4a, 5-6, 9-12, 13a-e, 14a-c and 15-17) were evaluated for their in vitro antitumor activity by the National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA). Moreover, compound 13e was evaluated against PI3K (α, β and δ) and the mechanism of its cytotoxic activity on leukemia SR was studied. Results: Compound 13e possessed remarkable broad spectrum antitumor activity with GI50 (median growth inhibition) and TGI (total growth inhibition) values of 6.15 and 28.66 μM, respectively, caused cell cycle arrest at G2-M phase and significant increase in the percentage of annexin V-FITC - positive apoptotic cells, also increased the level of active caspase-3. Moreover, 13e revealed good safety profile against transformed human liver epithelial-2 (THLE2).
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Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors as new weapon to combat cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Rao RN, MM B, Maiti B, Thakuria R, Chanda K. Efficient Access to Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines/pyrazines/pyrimidines via Catalyst-Free Annulation Reaction under Microwave Irradiation in Green Solvent. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:164-171. [PMID: 29373013 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An expeditious catalyst-free heteroannulation reaction for imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines/pyrimidines/pyrazines was developed in green solvent under microwave irradiation. Using H2O-IPA as the reaction medium, various substituted 2-aminopyridines/pyrazines/pyrimidines underwent annulation reaction with α-bromoketones under microwave irradiation to provide the corresponding imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines/pyrimidines/pyrazines in excellent yields. The synthetic methodology appears to be very simple and superior to the already reported procedures with the high abundance of commercial reagents and great ability in expanding the molecular diversity. The present synthetic sequence is visualized as an environmentally benign process which allows the introduction of three points of structural diversity to expand chemical space with excellent purity and yields. The anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities of the derivatives were evaluated. Screening results uncovered three derivatives with strong inhibition of albumin denaturation and two derivatives were active on Proteus and Klebsiella bacteria. These positive bioassay results implied that the library of potential anti-inflammatory agents could be rapidly prepared in an ecofriendly manner, and provided new insights into drug discovery for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Balamurali MM
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Chennai-632014, India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, India
| | - Ranjit Thakuria
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore-632014, India
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8
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Liu Y, Wan WZ, Li Y, Zhou GL, Liu XG. Recent development of ATP-competitive small molecule phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Oncotarget 2018; 8:7181-7200. [PMID: 27769061 PMCID: PMC5351699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinostitol-3-kinase (PI3K) is the potential anticancer target in the PI3K/Akt/ mTOR pathway. Here we reviewed the ATP-competitive small molecule PI3K inhibitors in the past few years, including the pan Class I PI3K inhibitors, the isoform-specific PI3K inhibitors and/or the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Zhu Wan
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Lian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China
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9
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Generation of tricyclic imidazo[1,2- a ]pyrazines as novel PI3K inhibitors by application of a conformational restriction strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2536-2543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Poli D, Falsini M, Varano F, Betti M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Pugliese AM, Pedata F, Dal Ben D, Thomas A, Palchetti I, Bettazzi F, Catarzi D, Colotta V. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine core for the design of new adenosine receptor antagonists: Structural exploration to target the A 3 and A 2A subtypes. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:611-628. [PMID: 27721147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine ring system has been chosen as a new decorable core skeleton for the design of novel adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists targeting either the human (h) A3 or the hA2A receptor subtype. The N8-(hetero)arylcarboxyamido substituted compounds 4-14 and 21-30, bearing a 6-phenyl moiety or not, respectively, show good hA3 receptor affinity and selectivity versus the other ARs. In contrast, the 8-amino-6-(hetero)aryl substituted derivatives designed for targeting the hA2A receptor subtype (compounds 31-38) and also the 6-phenyl analogues 18-20 do not bind the hA2A AR, or show hA1 or balanced hA1/hA2A AR affinity in the micromolar range. Molecular docking of the new hA3 antagonists was carried out to depict their hypothetical binding mode to our refined model of the hA3 receptor. Some derivatives were evaluated for their fluorescent potentiality and showed some fluorescent emission properties. One of the most active hA3 antagonists herein reported, i.e. the 2,6-diphenyl-8-(3-pyridoylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine 29, tested in a rat model of cerebral ischemia, delayed the occurrence of anoxic depolarization caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation in the hippocampus and allowed disrupted synaptic activity to recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Poli
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sez. Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 4412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sez. Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 4412 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Pedata
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmacologia e Tossicologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Ajiroghene Thomas
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine-CNR, Via P.Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Bettazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sez. Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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RAB7 counteracts PI3K-driven macropinocytosis activated at early stages of melanoma development. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11848-62. [PMID: 26008978 PMCID: PMC4494909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Derailed endolysosomal trafficking is emerging as a widespread feature of aggressive neoplasms. However, the oncogenic signals that alter membrane homeostasis and their specific contribution to cancer progression remain unclear. Understanding the upstream drivers and downstream regulators of aberrant vesicular trafficking is distinctly important in melanoma. This disease is notorious for its inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Nevertheless, melanomas uniformly overexpress a cluster of endolysosomal genes, being particularly addicted to the membrane traffic regulator RAB7. Still, the underlying mechanisms and temporal determinants of this dependency have yet to be defined. Here we addressed these questions by combining electron microscopy, real time imaging and mechanistic analyses of vesicular trafficking in normal and malignant human melanocytic cells. This strategy revealed Class I PI3K as the key trigger of a hyperactive influx of macropinosomes that melanoma cells counteract via RAB7-mediated lysosomal degradation. In addition, gain- and loss-of-function in vitro studies followed by histopathological validation in clinical biopsies and genetically-engineered mouse models, traced back the requirement of RAB7 to the suppression of premature cellular senescence traits elicited in melanocytes by PI3K-inducing oncogenes. Together, these results provide new insight into the regulators and modes of action of RAB7, broadening the impact of endosomal fitness on melanoma development.
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Ren J, Yang M, Liu H, Cao D, Chen D, Li J, Tang L, He J, Chen YL, Geng M, Xiong B, Shen J. Multi-substituted 8-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines by Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reaction and their Hsp90 inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1531-5. [PMID: 25490978 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01865f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a 2,3-diamino pyrazine substrate and yttrium triflate catalyst, various 2-alkyl and aryl substituted 3,8-diaminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines were efficiently prepared through Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé MCR. In particular, a novel 2-piperonyl 3,8-diaminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine structure was prepared exclusively with this new method and was found to have moderate Hsp90 inhibitory activity. A crystalline complex with N-terminus ATP domain of Hsp90 and one of the new Hsp90 inhibitors was also obtained to elucidate the origin of activity of 2-piperonyl 3,8-diaminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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13
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Tber Z, Hiebel MA, El Hakmaoui A, Akssira M, Guillaumet G, Berteina-Raboin S. Metal Free Formation of Various 3-Iodo-1H-pyrrolo[3′,2′:4,5]imidazo-[1,2-a]pyridines and [1,2-b]Pyridazines and Their Further Functionalization. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6564-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Tber
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Chimie Organique URAC 22, Faculté des
Sciences et Techniques Université Hassan II-Mohammedia-Casablanca, BP 146, 28800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M.-A. Hiebel
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - A. El Hakmaoui
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Chimie Organique URAC 22, Faculté des
Sciences et Techniques Université Hassan II-Mohammedia-Casablanca, BP 146, 28800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M. Akssira
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Physique et Chimie Organique URAC 22, Faculté des
Sciences et Techniques Université Hassan II-Mohammedia-Casablanca, BP 146, 28800 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - G. Guillaumet
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - S. Berteina-Raboin
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
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14
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Ibrahim MA, Abou-Seri SM, Hanna MM, Abdalla MM, El Sayed NA. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel condensed pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidines featuring morpholine moiety as PI3Kα inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 99:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Goel R, Luxami V, Paul K. Synthesis, in vitro anticancer activity and SAR studies of arylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine–coumarin hybrids. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00584a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of arylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine–coumarin hybrids have been synthesized for in vitro anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Goel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147001
- India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147001
- India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala-147001
- India
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16
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Goel R, Luxami V, Paul K. Recent advances in development of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines: synthesis, reactivity and their biological applications. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:3525-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, reactivity and multifarious biological activities at the different positions of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines are concisely discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Goel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala 147004
- India
| | - Vijay Luxami
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala 147004
- India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Thapar University
- Patiala 147004
- India
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Andrs M, Korabecny J, Jun D, Hodny Z, Bartek J, Kuca K. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) inhibitors: importance of the morpholine ring. J Med Chem 2014; 58:41-71. [PMID: 25387153 DOI: 10.1021/jm501026z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs) are two related families of kinases that play key roles in regulation of cell proliferation, metabolism, migration, survival, and responses to diverse stresses including DNA damage. To design novel efficient strategies for treatment of cancer and other diseases, these kinases have been extensively studied. Despite their different nature, these two kinase families have related origin and share very similar kinase domains. Therefore, chemical inhibitors of these kinases usually carry analogous structural motifs. The most common feature of these inhibitors is a critical hydrogen bond to morpholine oxygen, initially present in the early nonspecific PI3K and PIKK inhibitor 3 (LY294002), which served as a valuable chemical tool for development of many additional PI3K and PIKK inhibitors. While several PI3K pathway inhibitors have recently shown promising clinical responses, inhibitors of the DNA damage-related PIKKs remain thus far largely in preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andrs
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove , Sokolska 81, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Chadha N, Jasuja H, Kaur M, Singh Bahia M, Silakari O. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα): 3D-QSAR analysis utilizing the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm to refine receptor-ligand complexes for molecular alignment. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 25:221-247. [PMID: 24601789 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2014.883428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) is a lipid kinase involved in several cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival, and its anomalous regulation leads to cancerous conditions. PI3Kα inhibition completely blocks the cancer signalling pathway, hence it can be explored as an important therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the present study, docking analysis of 49 selective imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine inhibitors of PI3Kα was carried out using the QM-Polarized ligand docking (QPLD) program of the Schrödinger software, followed by the refinement of receptor-ligand conformations using the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm in the Liaison program, and alignment of refined conformations of inhibitors was utilized for the development of an atom-based 3D-QSAR model in the PHASE program. Among the five generated models, the best model was selected corresponding to PLS factor 2, displaying the highest value of Q(2)test (0.650). The selected model also displayed high values of r(2)train (0.917), F-value (166.5) and Pearson-r (0.877) and a low value of SD (0.265). The contour plots generated for the selected 3D-QSAR model were correlated with the results of docking simulations. Finally, this combined information generated from 3D-QSAR and docking analysis was used to design new congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Chadha
- a Molecular Modeling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research , Punjabi University , Patiala , Punjab , India
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Goel R, Luxami V, Paul K. Palladium catalyzed novel monoarylation and symmetrical/unsymmetrical diarylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines and their in vitro anticancer activities. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Nikishkin NI, Huskens J, Verboom W. Transition metal-catalyzed functionalization of pyrazines. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:3583-602. [PMID: 23632914 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40460a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed reactions are generally used for carbon-carbon bond formation on pyrazines and include, but are not limited to, classical palladium-catalyzed reactions like Sonogashira, Heck, Suzuki, and Stille reactions. Also a few examples of carbon-heteroatom bond formation in pyrazines are known. This perspective reviews recent progress in the field of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on pyrazine systems. It deals with the most important C-C- and C-X-bond formation methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai I Nikishkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanofabrication, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Welker ME, Kulik G. Recent syntheses of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:4063-91. [PMID: 23735831 PMCID: PMC3711139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the syntheses of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors that have been reported outside of the patent literature in the last 5years but is largely centered on synthetic work reported in 2011 and 2012. While focused on syntheses of inhibitors, some information on in vitro and in vivo testing of compounds is also included. Many of these reported compounds are reversible, competitive adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding inhibitors, so given the structural similarities of many of these compounds to the adenine core, this review presents recent work on inhibitors based on where the synthetic chemistry was started, that is, inhibitor syntheses which started with purines/pyrimidines are followed by inhibitor syntheses which began with pyridines, pyrazines, azoles, and triazines then moves to inhibitors which bear no structural resemblance to adenine: liphagal, wortmannin and quercetin analogs. The review then finishes with a short section on recent syntheses of phosphotidyl inositol (PI) analogs since competitive PI binding inhibitors represent an alternative to the competitive ATP binding inhibitors which have received the most attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Welker
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, PO Box 7486, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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Vachhani DD, Modha SG, Sharma A, Van der Eycken EV. A facile diversity-oriented synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazinones via gold-catalyzed regioselective heteroannulation of propynylaminopyrazinones. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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