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Ferjancic Z, Bihelovic F, Vulovic B, Matovic R, Trmcic M, Jankovic A, Pavlovic M, Djurkovic F, Prodanovic R, Djurdjevic Djelmas A, Kalicanin N, Zlatovic M, Sladic D, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M, Saicic RN. Development of iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors as drug candidates for SARS-CoV-2 virus via molecular modelling and in vitro studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2289007. [PMID: 38086763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2289007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed new iminosugar-based glycosidase inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Known drugs (miglustat, migalastat, miglitol, and swainsonine) were chosen as lead compounds to develop three classes of glycosidase inhibitors (α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, and mannosidase). Molecular modelling of the lead compounds, synthesis of the compounds with the highest docking scores, enzyme inhibition tests, and in vitro antiviral assays afforded rationally designed inhibitors. Two highly active α-glucosidase inhibitors were discovered, where one of them is the most potent iminosugar-based anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent to date (EC90 = 1.94 µM in A549-ACE2 cells against Omicron BA.1 strain). However, galactosidase inhibitors did not exhibit antiviral activity, whereas mannosidase inhibitors were both active and cytotoxic. As our iminosugar-based drug candidates act by a host-directed mechanism, they should be more resilient to drug resistance. Moreover, this strategy could be extended to identify potential drug candidates for other viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filip Bihelovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Vulovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Radomir Matovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Trmcic
- Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jankovic
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filip Djurkovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Nevena Kalicanin
- University of Belgrade-Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mario Zlatovic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Sladic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Institut Pasteur, Center for the Viral Populations and Pathogenesis, Paris, France
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Radomir N Saicic
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu Q, Liu Y, Liu T, Fan J, Xia Z, Zhou Y, Deng X. Expanding horizons of iminosugars as broad-spectrum anti-virals: mechanism, efficacy and novel developments. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:55. [PMID: 39325109 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Iminosugars, a class of polyhydroxylated cyclic alkaloids with intriguing properties, hold promising therapeutic potentials against a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses, including DENV, HCV, HIV, and influenza viruses. Mechanistically, iminosugars act as the competitive inhibitors of host endoplasmic reticular α-glucosidases I and II to disrupt the proper folding of viral nascent glycoproteins, which thereby exerts antiviral effects. Remarkably, the glycoproteins of many enveloped viruses are significantly more dependent on the calnexin pathway of the protein folding than most host glycoproteins. Therefore, extensive interests and efforts have been devoted to exploit iminosugars as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. This review provides the summary and insights into the recent advancements in the development of novel iminosugars as effective and selective antiviral agents against a variety of enveloped viruses, as well as the understandings of their antiviral mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiantong Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyun Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinbao Fan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Drug Research for Chronic Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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3
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Meng A, Liu C. Multivalent Pyrrolidine Iminosugars: Synthesis and Biological Relevance. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175420. [PMID: 36080188 PMCID: PMC9457877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the strategy of multivalency has been widely employed to design glycosidase inhibitors, as glycomimetic clusters often induce marked enzyme inhibition relative to monovalent analogs. Polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, one of the most studied classes of iminosugars, are an attractive moiety due to their potent and specific inhibition of glycosidases and glycosyltransferases, which are associated with many crucial biological processes. The development of multivalent pyrrolidine derivatives as glycosidase inhibitors has resulted in several promising compounds that stand out. Herein, we comprehensively summarized the different synthetic approaches to the preparation of multivalent pyrrolidine clusters, from total synthesis of divalent iminosugars to complex architectures bearing twelve pyrrolidine motifs. Enzyme inhibitory properties and multivalent effects of these synthesized iminosugars were further discussed, especially for some less studied therapeutically relevant enzymes. We envision that this comprehensive review will help extend the applications of multivalent pyrrolidine iminosugars in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Aiguo Meng
- Affiliated Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063000, China
- Correspondence:
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4
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Smolobochkin AV, Gazizov AS, Burilov AR, Pudovik MA, Sinyashin OG. Ring opening reactions of nitrogen heterocycles. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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5
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Ma J, Zhang X, Soloveva V, Warren T, Guo F, Wu S, Lu H, Guo J, Su Q, Shen H, Solon E, Comunale MA, Mehta A, Guo JT, Bavari S, Du Y, Block TM, Chang J. Enhancing the antiviral potency of ER α-glucosidase inhibitor IHVR-19029 against hemorrhagic fever viruses in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res 2017; 150:112-122. [PMID: 29253498 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Targeting host functions essential for viral replication has been considered as a broad spectrum and resistance-refractory antiviral approach. However, only a few host functions have, thus far, been validated as broad-spectrum antiviral targets in vivo. ER α-glucosidases I and II have been demonstrated to be essential for the morphogenesis of many enveloped viruses, including members from four families of viruses causing hemorrhagic fever. In vivo antiviral efficacy of various iminosugar-based ER α-glucosidase inhibitors has been reported in animals infected with Dengue, Japanese encephalitis, Ebola, Marburg and influenza viruses. Herein, we established Huh7.5-derived cell lines with ER α-glucosidase I or II knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 and demonstrated that the replication of Dengue, Yellow fever and Zika viruses was reduced by only 1-2 logs in the knockout cell lines. The results clearly indicate that only a partial suppression of viral replication can possibly be achieved with a complete inhibition of ER-α-glucosidases I or II by their inhibitors. We therefore explore to improve the antiviral efficacy of a lead iminosugar IHVR-19029 through combination with another broad-spectrum antiviral agent, favipiravir (T-705). Indeed, combination of IHVR-19029 and T-705 synergistically inhibited the replication of Yellow fever and Ebola viruses in cultured cells. Moreover, in a mouse model of Ebola virus infection, combination of sub-optimal doses of IHVR-19029 and T-705 significantly increased the survival rate of infected animals. We have thus proved the concept of combinational therapeutic strategy for the treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with broad spectrum host- and viral- targeting antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Soloveva
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Travis Warren
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Fang Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Huagang Lu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Qing Su
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anand Mehta
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Sina Bavari
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA.
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6
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Glotova TI, Nikonova AA, Glotov AG. ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS AND PREPARATIONS EFFECTIVE AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:204-210. [PMID: 36494951 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-5-204-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae. It causes various clinical forms of infection leading to significant economic losses in beef and dairy industry worldwide. Furthermore, the virus is a contaminant of biological preparations (bovine fetal serum, continuous cell cultures, vaccines for human and veterinary medicine, interferons, trypsin, biotechnological preparations, embryos, stem cells, etc.). It is used as a test object when developing methods of decontamination. In some countries, a tool for monitoring the infection caused by the virus is vaccination based on the use of live and inactivated vaccines with varying efficiency. The antiviral compounds are a potential means of control in case of insufficient efficacy of vaccines. Their advantage for BVDV control is the ability to provide immediate protection for animals at risk in the case of an outbreak of the disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about antiviral compounds against BVDV. It was noted that due to the use of advanced biomedical technologies there is a tendency to search for drugs that might be effective for antiviral therapy of BVDV, as indicated by numerous studies of new compounds and the antiviral efficacy of known drugs used in medical practice. In addition to the well-known antiviral targets for the virus, such as the RdRp, IMPDH, NS3, new targets were discovered, such as protein p7. Its mechanism of action remains to be explored. It can be concluded that there is a great potential for BVDV control through the use of antiviral drugs which has not yet implemented. The biggest obstacle for commercial implementation of identified compounds is the lack of demonstration of their efficacy in vivo. Further studies should be performed to develop a method for administering effective drugs to groups of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Glotova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A A Nikonova
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
| | - A G Glotov
- Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Biotechnologies
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7
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Ma J, Wu S, Zhang X, Guo F, Yang K, Guo J, Su Q, Lu H, Lam P, Li Y, Yan Z, Kinney W, Guo JT, Block TM, Chang J, Du Y. Ester Prodrugs of IHVR-19029 with Enhanced Oral Exposure and Prevention of Gastrointestinal Glucosidase Interaction. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:157-162. [PMID: 28197304 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IHVR-19029 (6) is a lead endoplasmic reticulum α-glucosidases I and II inhibitor, which efficiently protected mice from lethal Ebola and Marburg virus infections via injection route, but suffered from low bioavailability and off-target interactions with gut glucosidases when administered orally. In an effort to improve efficacious exposure levels and avoid side effects, we designed and synthesized ester prodrugs. Not only were the prodrugs stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids and were inactive against glucosidases but they also exhibited antiviral activities against dengue virus infection in a cell based assay. Further in vitro evaluation showed that the bioconversion of the prodrugs is species dependent: in mice, the prodrugs were converted to 6 in the plasma and liver; while in human, the conversion occurred mainly in liver. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study in mice demonstrated that the tetrabutyrate prodrug 8 achieved the most improved overall exposure of 6 upon both oral and intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Xuexiang Zhang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Fang Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Katherine Yang
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Qing Su
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Huagang Lu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Patrick Lam
- Lam Drug Discovery Consulting LLC, Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania 19317, United States
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyin Yan
- Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - William Kinney
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Timothy M. Block
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton
Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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8
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Chikkade PK, Kuninobu Y, Kanai M. Copper-catalyzed intermolecular C(sp 3)-H bond functionalization towards the synthesis of tertiary carbamates. Chem Sci 2015; 6:3195-3200. [PMID: 29142689 PMCID: PMC5657409 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the development of an intermolecular unactivated C(sp3)-H bond functionalization towards the direct synthesis of tertiary carbamates. The transformation proceeded using a readily available, abundant first-row transition metal catalyst (copper), and isocyanates as the source of the amide moiety. This is a novel strategy for direct transformation of a variety of unactivated hydrocarbon feedstocks to N-alkyl-N-aryl and N,N-dialkyl carbamates without pre-functionalization or installation of a directing group. The reaction had a broad substrate scope with 3° > 2° > 1° site selectivity. The reaction proceeded even on a gram scale, and a corresponding free amine was directly obtained when the reaction was performed at high temperature. Kinetic studies suggested that radical-mediated C(sp3)-H bond cleavage was the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Kumara Chikkade
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
- ERATO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan . ;
- ERATO (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Kanai Life Science Catalysis Project , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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9
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Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike protein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 59:206-16. [PMID: 25348530 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03999-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on the N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. Because most of the viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin, i.e., iminosugars, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. However, like viral envelope proteins, the cellular receptors of many viruses are also glycoproteins. It is therefore possible that inhibition of ER glucosidases not only compromises virion production but also disrupts expression and function of viral receptors and thus inhibits virus entry into host cells. Indeed, we demonstrate here that iminosugar treatment altered the N-linked glycan structure of angiotensin I-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which did not affect its expression on the cell surface or its binding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike glycoprotein. However, alteration of N-linked glycans of ACE2 impaired its ability to support the transduction of SARS-CoV and human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) spike glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral particles by disruption of the viral envelope protein-triggered membrane fusion. Hence, in addition to reducing the production of infectious virions, inhibition of ER glucosidases also impairs the entry of selected viruses via a post-receptor-binding mechanism.
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10
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Guo F, Zhao X, Gill T, Zhou Y, Campagna M, Wang L, Liu F, Zhang P, DiPaolo L, Du Y, Xu X, Jiang D, Wei L, Cuconati A, Block TM, Guo JT, Chang J. An interferon-beta promoter reporter assay for high throughput identification of compounds against multiple RNA viruses. Antiviral Res 2014; 107:56-65. [PMID: 24792753 PMCID: PMC4143146 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A cell-based IFN-β reporter assay was established for high throughput screen. This assay can be applied to any virus that is able to activate IFN response in the report cells. The assay allows for identification of compounds with antiviral and innate immune response modulating activity.
Virus infection of host cells is sensed by innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and induces production of type I interferons (IFNs) and other inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines orchestrate the elimination of the viruses but are occasionally detrimental to the hosts. The outcomes and pathogenesis of viral infection are largely determined by the specific interaction between the viruses and their host cells. Therefore, compounds that either inhibit viral infection or modulate virus-induced cytokine response should be considered as candidates for managing virus infection. The aim of the study was to identify compounds in both categories, using a single cell-based assay. Our screening platform is a HEK293 cell-based reporter assay where the expression of a firefly luciferase is under the control of a human IFN-β promoter. We have demonstrated that infection of the reporter cell line with a panel of RNA viruses activated the reporter gene expression that correlates quantitatively with the levels of virus replication and progeny virus production, and could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by known antiviral compound or inhibitors of PRR signal transduction pathways. Using Dengue virus as an example, a pilot screening of a small molecule library consisting of 26,900 compounds proved the concept that the IFN-β promoter reporter assay can serve as a convenient high throughput screening platform for simultaneous discovery of antiviral and innate immune response modulating compounds. A representative antiviral compound from the pilot screening, 1-(6-ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl) urea, was demonstrated to specifically inhibit several viruses belonging to the family of flaviviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Xuesen Zhao
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Tina Gill
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Campagna
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Laura DiPaolo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Dong Jiang
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Hepatology Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrea Cuconati
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Block
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA; Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Institute for Biotechnology and Virology Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, PA, USA.
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11
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Chang J, Block TM, Guo JT. Antiviral therapies targeting host ER alpha-glucosidases: current status and future directions. Antiviral Res 2013; 99:251-60. [PMID: 23816430 PMCID: PMC7114303 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ER α-glucosidases are essential host factors for the morphogenesis of many enveloped viruses. Imino sugars are competitive inhibitors of the ER α-glucosidases I and II. Broad-spectrum antiviral efficacies of imino sugars have been demonstrated in vitro, and in vivo. Strategies for development of potent and specific ER α-glucosidase inhibitors have been proposed. Targeting glucosidase is promising for viral hemorrhagic fever and respiratory infections.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident α-glucosidases I and II sequentially trim the three terminal glucose moieties on N-linked glycans attached to nascent glycoproteins. These reactions are the first steps of N-linked glycan processing and are essential for proper folding and function of many glycoproteins. Because most viral envelope glycoproteins contain N-linked glycans, inhibition of ER α-glucosidases with derivatives of 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) or castanospermine (CAST), two well-studied pharmacophores of α-glucosidase inhibitors, efficiently disrupts the morphogenesis of a broad spectrum of enveloped viruses. Moreover, both DNJ and CAST derivatives have been demonstrated to prevent the death of mice infected with several distinct flaviviruses and filoviruses and suppress the multiplication of several other species of viruses in infected animals. N-Butyl derivative of DNJ (NB-DNJ) and 6 O-bytanoyl prodrug of CAST (Bu-CAST) have been evaluated in human clinical trials for their antiviral activities against human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus, and there is an ongoing trial of treating dengue patients with Bu-CAST. This article summarizes the current status of ER α-glucosidase-targeted antiviral therapy and proposes strategies for development of more efficacious and specific ER α-glucosidase inhibitors as broad-spectrum, drug resistance-refractory antiviral therapeutics. These host function-targeted, broad-spectrum antiviral agents do not rely on time-consuming etiologic diagnosis, and should therefore be particularly promising in the management of viral hemorrhagic fever and respiratory tract viral infections, medical conditions that can be caused by many different enveloped RNA viruses, with a short window for medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
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Du Y, Ye H, Guo F, Wang L, Gill T, Khan N, Cuconati A, Guo JT, Block TM, Chang J, Xu X. Design and synthesis of N-alkyldeoxynojirimycin derivatives with improved metabolic stability as inhibitors of BVDV and Tacaribe virus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4258-62. [PMID: 23747225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Novel N-alkyldeoxynojirimycins (NADNJs) based on our previous lead 3 were designed, synthesized and tested in metabolic assays and in virus cultures. NADNJs containing terminal tertiary benzamide, sulfonamide, urea, and oxazolidinone moieties were discovered to have improved metabolic stability compared to 3, while maintaining submicromolar EC50 against BVDV and Tacaribe virus; and low cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Du
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA.
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