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Raspa M, Paoletti R, Scavizzi F. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside improves survival, quality, and fertility of frozen-thawed C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N mouse spermatozoa. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 39330618 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G) is a stabilized form of ascorbic acid and a potent antioxidant. Ascorbic acid is present in the testes and epididymis and helps maintain the physiological integrity of reproductive organs. Its properties have been utilized to protect spermatozoa of different species from oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spermatozoa of C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N strains were frozen and analyzed, after thawing, by supplementing the capacitation medium with AA2G, both in the presence and absence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD). The effect of treatment was evaluated by SCA System (Microptic) analyzing the velocity, vitality, morphology, and the DNA fragmentation. We also examined sperm capacitation (CTC), acrosome reaction (Coomassie Brillant Blue), and fertility (in vitro fertilization) of treated spermatozoa. RESULTS AA2G improved sperm quality and fertility particularly in association with MBCD. We observed a significant increase of sperm motility, velocity, and vitality associated with an enhanced capacitation and acrosome reaction. These improvements resulted in a marked increase in in vitro fertilization success. Embryos obtained were cultured and reached normally the blastocyst stage. DISCUSSION This study aimed to determine if AA2G could safeguard mouse spermatozoa during cryopreservation. We found a protective effect of AA2G that increased sperm survivability resulting in higher fertilization rate. CONCLUSION This newly improved protocol shows potential for reanimating cryopreserved GEMMs stored in mouse biobanks and international repositories, such as the European Mouse Mutant Archive (EMMA). This can serve as a pivotal tool in fulfilling the 3Rs mission (replacement, reduction, and refinement), promoting ethical and humane research practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council (IBBC), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Scalo, Monterotondo, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council (IBBC), CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Scalo, Monterotondo, Italy
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Lamie C, Elmowafy E, Attia D, Mortada ND. Glucospanlastics: innovative antioxidant and anticancer ascorbyl-2-glucoside vesicles for striking topical performance of repurposed itraconazole. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26524-26543. [PMID: 39175684 PMCID: PMC11339782 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03542a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Presently, the development of functional derivatives exploiting biocompatible pharmaceutical materials has become a pressing demand. Among them, ascorbyl-2-glucoside (AA-2G), an ascorbic acid derivative, has significant potential owing to its stability, solubilization and antioxidant prospects. Herein, AA-2G was utilized for the fabrication of itraconazole (ITZ) spanlastics, which were denoted as "glucospanlastics". Subsequently, the newly designed glucospanlastics were characterized to determine their dimensions, charge, entrapment, solubilization efficiency, morphology, stability and antioxidant activity. Further, their cytotoxicity towards A431 cells and their ex vivo skin deposition were investigated. Subsequently, the competence of the formulated cream containing glucospanlastics to suppress Ehrlich carcinoma and modulate the antioxidant profile was evaluated in vivo. The results revealed that the proposed nano-sized glucospanlastics performed better than conventional spanlastics (without AA-2G) with respect to optimal solubilization efficiency and ITZ entrapment (>95%) together with antioxidant, cytotoxic and skin permeation potentials. More importantly, glucospanlastics containing 10 and 20 mg AA-2G demonstrated considerable tumor suppression and necrosis, improvement in glutathione (GSH) content by 1.68- and 2.26-fold, elevation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels by 1.67- and 2.84-fold and 1.78- and 2.03-fold reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, respectively, compared to a conventional ITZ cream. These innovative antioxidant vesicles show future potential for the dermal delivery of cancer-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lamie
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt Cairo 11837 Egypt +20-2-26300010/20 +20-2-01111414144
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient Care (DDDPC), School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London Kingston Upon Thames Surrey KT1 2EE UK
| | - Enas Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Monazzamet Elwehda Elafrikeya Street, Abbaseyya Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Dalia Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, The British University in Egypt Cairo 11837 Egypt +20-2-26300010/20 +20-2-01111414144
| | - Nahed D Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University Monazzamet Elwehda Elafrikeya Street, Abbaseyya Cairo 11566 Egypt
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Inoue Y, Nanri A, Arce FJ, See GL, Tanikawa T, Yokogawa T, Kitamura M. Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Ternary Inclusion Complexes of Ascorbyl Palmitate and Urea with γ-Cyclodextrin. CHEMENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering7020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A three-component inclusion complex of ascorbyl palmitate (ASCP), urea (UR), and γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) with a molar ratio of 1/12 has been prepared for the first time using the evaporation method (EVP method) and the grinding and mixing method (GM method). Also, we investigated changes in the physicochemical properties of the three-component complexes. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements showed ASCP, UR, and γCD characteristic peaks in the physical mixture (PM) (AU (ASCP/UR = 1/12)/γCD = 1/2). In GM (AU (ASCP/UR = 1/12)/γCD = 1/1), new diffraction peaks were observed around 2θ = 7.5° and 16.6°, while characteristic peaks derived from EVP (ASCP/UR = 1/12) were observed at 2θ = 23.4° and 24.9°. On the other hand, new diffraction peaks at 2θ = 7.4° and 16.6° were observed in GM (1/2). In the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement, an endothermic peak at around 83 °C was observed in the GM (1/1) sample, which is thought to originate from the phase transition of urea from the hexagonal to the tetragonal form. An endothermic peak around 113.9 °C was also observed for EVP (ASCP/UR = 1/12). However, no characteristic phase transition-derived peak or EVP (ASCP/UR = 1/12)-derived endothermic peak was observed in GM (1/2). Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of GM (1/2) showed no shift in the peak derived from the CH group of ASCP. The peaks derived from the NH group of UR shifted to the high and low wavenumber sides at 5032 cm−1 and 5108 cm−1 in EVP (ASCP/UR = 1/12). The peak derived from the OH group of γCD shifted, and the peak derived from the OH group of ASCP broadened at GM (1/2). These results suggest that AU (ASCP/UR = 1/12)/γCD prepared by the mixed grinding method formed inclusion complexes at the molar ratio (1/2).
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Melo-Guímaro S, Cardoso R, João CP, Santos J, Melro E, Arnaut LG, Pereira JC, Serpa C. Efficient dermal delivery of ascorbic acid 2-glucoside with photoacoustic waves. Int J Cosmet Sci 2022; 44:453-463. [PMID: 35670051 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ascorbic acid (i.e., vitamin C) is an important antioxidant present in skin. The protective role of vitamin C against photoaging motivated numerous attempts to promote its topical delivery, with a success limited by its chemical instability and poor skin permeability. Vitamin C precursors, such as ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), that are metabolized to vitamin C by enzymes present in the skin, solve the problem of stability but are limited by low skin permeability. We developed a 2% (w/v) gel formulation of AA2G application (viscosity 4.30 × 104 Pa.s, pH 5.94) and compared its passive dermal delivery with the delivery promoted by photoacoustic waves that transiently perturb the skin barrier. METHODS Photoacoustic (PA) waves were generated by laser pulses absorbed by piezophotonic (light-to-pressure) transducers. Pig skin samples were exposed to the 2% AA2G formulation alone or combined with 5 minutes of PA waves. One hour later, AA2G was extracted from the skin and quantified by reverse-phase HPLC. AA2G transdermal fluxes using Franz cells with 760 μm thick pig skin samples were also measured. RESULTS PA waves transiently enhanced skin permeability and increased dermal delivery of AA2G. AA2G was released from the formulation nearly quantitatively (92.6 ± 6.2%) in 24 hours, showing a non-Fickian behaviour controlled by diffusion and swelling. AA2G dermal delivery with exposure for 5 minutes to PA waves was compared with passive delivery to pig skin. PA waves increased the delivery of AA2G to the skin by a factor of 15 fold with respect to passive delivery, as measured from skin extracts after 1 hour of contact of the formulation with the skin. CONCLUSION 5 minutes of exposure to PA waves is a safe and effective method to deliver large quantities of AA2G to the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melo-Guímaro
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Cardoso
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celso Paiva João
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Santos
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elodie Melro
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Costa Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Edifício B, Coimbra, Portugal
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Sawutdeechaikul P, Kanokrungsee S, Sahaspot T, Thadvibun K, Banlunara W, Limcharoen B, Sansureerungsikul T, Rutwaree T, Oungeun M, Wanichwecharungruang S. Detachable dissolvable microneedles: intra-epidermal and intradermal diffusion, effect on skin surface, and application in hyperpigmentation treatment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24114. [PMID: 34916571 PMCID: PMC8677736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering bioactive compounds into skin tissue has long been a challenge. Using ex vivo porcine and rat skins, here we demonstrate that a detachable dissolvable microneedle (DDMN) array, a special dissolvable microneedle that allows needle detachment from the base within 2 min post administration, can effectively embed a model compound into epidermis and dermis. Diffusion of the compound from the needle embedding sites to the nearby skin tissue is demonstrated at various post administration periods. The relationship between the time that a conventional dissolvable microneedle array is left on skin without needle detachment from the base and the degree of skin surface abrasion at each microneedle penetration spot is also demonstrated on skin of human volunteers. Co-loading glutathione with vitamin C (vitC) can stabilize vitC in the DDMN. DDMN loaded with vitC and glutathione can help erasing post-acne-hyperpigmentation spots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silada Kanokrungsee
- Faculty of Medicine, Skin Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyapat Sahaspot
- Faculty of Medicine, Skin Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamonwan Thadvibun
- Faculty of Medicine, Skin Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wijit Banlunara
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Benchaphorn Limcharoen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Teeranut Rutwaree
- Mineed Technology, 142 Innovation Cluster 2, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Miranda Oungeun
- Department of Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Supason Wanichwecharungruang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Preparation and Characterization of a Hybrid Complex of Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks-1 and Ascorbic Acid Derivatives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14237309. [PMID: 34885460 PMCID: PMC8658738 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based metal–organic frameworks-1 (CD-MOF-1) prepared using potassium hydroxide, ethanol, and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) has been reported as a new type of MOF for the development of pharmaceutical formulations. The present study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties of ascorbic acid derivatives (L-ascorbyl 6-palmitate (ASCP); L-ascorbyl 2,6-palmitate (ASCDP)) complexed with CD-MOF-1 by a solvent evaporation method. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that the crystal diffraction pattern of CD-MOF-1 changed from α-type to β-type when prepared by a solvent evaporation method. For ASCP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/2 and ASCDP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/4 evaporated samples, the crystal diffraction peaks derived from ASCP and ASCDP disappeared, indicating a β-like behavior. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the endothermic peaks of evaporated samples (ASCP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/2 and ASCDP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/4) were not detected due to melting. Furthermore, intermolecular interactions were observed in the hydrogen bonds between the CH groups of the side chains of ASCP and ASCDP and the OH group of CD-MOF-1 in (ASCP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/2) and EVP (ASCDP/CD-MOF-1 = 1/4), based on the near-infrared absorption spectroscopy analysis. CD-MOF-1 did not form inclusion complexes with the lactone rings of ASCP and ASCDP, but with the lipophilic side chains. These results suggested that CD-MOF-1 may be useful in preparing novel drug carriers for ASCP and ASCDP.
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Jacques C, Genies C, Bacqueville D, Tourette A, Borotra N, Chaves F, Sanches F, Gaudry AL, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H. Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside: An ascorbic acid pro-drug with longer-term antioxidant efficacy in skin. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:691-702. [PMID: 34679221 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deleterious effects of pollutants and ultraviolet radiation on the skin can be attenuated using formulations containing antioxidants. However, these have disadvantages, including chemical instability, photodegradation, poor bioavailability or biological activity. Here, two commercial formulations were evaluated: one optimized to stabilize and deliver ascorbic acid (AA) at 15% and the other containing a glucoside form of AA, namely ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), at 1.8% and at a physiological pH. We compared the skin delivery, antioxidative effects and chemical stability of AA2G with AA in their respective formulations. METHODS Skin delivery was measured using fresh viable human skin explants, and oxidative stress was measured using a human reconstructed epidermal (RHE) model according to levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. RESULTS Ascorbic acid 2-glucoside was completely metabolized to AA by the skin before entering the receptor compartment. The skin contained parent and AA, indicating a reserve of AA2G was present for further metabolism. For AA2G and AA, maximum flux of AA-equivalents was at 12 h, with continued absorption over 24 h. The absolute amount in µg was higher in the skin after application of AA than after application of AA2G. This may suggest a greater antioxidative effect; however, according to all three measurements of oxidative stress, the protective effect of AA and AA2G was similar. Unlike AA, AA2G was chemically stable under storage conditions. CONCLUSION A lower concentration of AA2G is as effective as the active metabolite, AA, in terms of antioxidant effects. AA2G was chemically stable and can be applied at a lower concentration than AA, thus avoiding the need for an acidic formulation with a pH below 3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Jacques
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Genies
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Bacqueville
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Amelie Tourette
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Borotra
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Fernanda Chaves
- Brazilian Innovation Center, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Barra da Tijuca - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fabio Sanches
- Brazilian Innovation Center, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Barra da Tijuca - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Anne L Gaudry
- Brazilian Innovation Center, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Barra da Tijuca - Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Applied Research Department, Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Toulouse, France
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2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid: Properties, production, and potential application as a substitute for L-ascorbic acid. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Additive Effect of a Combination of Artocarpus lakoocha and Glycyrrhiza glabra Extracts on Tyrosinase Inhibition in Melanoma B16 Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13100310. [PMID: 33066628 PMCID: PMC7602378 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lakoocha (Al) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Gg) extracts have been reported to show tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin pigment reduction. This is the first study to assess the combination of Al and Gg extracts in enhancing inhibition of tyrosinase and reduction of melanin pigments. Al and Gg extracted by maceration in 70% and 95% ethanol were analyzed for oxyresveratrol and glabridin using Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Extracts of Al and Gg singly and combinations of Al95 and Gg95 were tested for cytotoxicity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and reduction of melanin pigments in melanoma B16 cells. Al95 had higher antioxidant, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and reduced more melanin pigments in B16 cells compared to Al70, and exhibited higher levels of oxyresveratrol. Gg95 inhibited oxidative stress and mushroom tyrosinase better than Gg70, and exhibited higher levels of glabridin. Combinations of Al95 and Gg95 at various ratios (concentration of 0.1 mg/mL) were not cytotoxic to B16 cells. Interestingly, Al95 and Gg95 combined at a ratio 9:1 reduced melanin pigment up to 53% in B16 cells. This combination of Al95 and Gg95 extracts exhibited the additive effect of reducing melanin pigments by suppressing the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2) in B16 cells. The combination of Al and Gg extracts could be developed as skin care products for hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Wojciechowska A, Klewicki R, Sójka M, Grzelak-Błaszczyk K. Application of Transgalactosylation Activity of β-Galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis for the Synthesis of Ascorbic Acid Galactoside. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:386-400. [PMID: 28707051 PMCID: PMC5756576 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of a commonly known beneficial role and low stability of ascorbic acid, many efforts are constantly undertaken to produce its improved derivatives. This paper presents results on the synthesis of ascorbic acid galactoside using transgalactosylation properties of β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis and lactose as a donor of galactosyl moiety. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of selected factors (concentration and molar ratio of substrates, amount of the enzyme preparation, pH of the solution, presence of different ions) on the course of transgalactosylation reaction. Research has shown that approx. 2.5% dry matter (d.m.; 12.7 g/L) of ascorbic acid galactoside is formed under favourable conditions (50% (w/v) substrates, sodium ascorbate and lactose at the molar ratio of 1.9:1, enzyme dose of 28,600 U/100 g lactose, pH = 7.0). The addition of Mg2+ or K+ ions to the reaction medium caused an increase in the final product content (even up to approx. 3.4% d.m., 17.2 g/L), while Na+ or Mn2+ had an adverse impact on the yield. The gathered data may be valuable for cosmetic or food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wojciechowska
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Robert Klewicki
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzelak-Błaszczyk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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Mochizuki M, Nomura S, Inami K. Radical Scavenging Activity of Ascorbic Acid Analogs Containing a Carbonyl Conjugated Ene-Diol Structure. HETEROCYCLES 2016. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Kobashigawa S, Kashino G, Suzuki K, Yamashita S, Mori H. Ionizing radiation-induced cell death is partly caused by increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in normal human fibroblast cells. Radiat Res 2015; 183:455-64. [PMID: 25807320 DOI: 10.1667/rr13772.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced cell death is thought to be caused by nuclear DNA damage that cannot be repaired. However, in this study we found that a delayed increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is responsible for some of the radiation-induced cell death in normal human fibroblast cells. We have previously reported that there is a delayed increase of mitochondrial (·)O2(-), measured using MitoSOX™ Red reagent, due to gamma irradiation. This is dependent on Drp1 localization to mitochondria. Here, we show that knockdown of Drp1 expression reduces the level of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) remaining 3 days after 6 Gy irradiation. Furthermore, cells with knockdown of Drp1 expression are more resistant to gamma radiation. We then tested whether the delayed increase of ROS causes DNA damage. The antioxidant, 2-glucopyranoside ascorbic acid (AA-2G), was applied before or after irradiation to inhibit ROS production during irradiation or to inhibit delayed ROS production from mitochondria. Interestingly, 1 h after exposure, the AA-2G treatment reduced the level of DSBs remaining 3 days after 6 Gy irradiation. In addition, irradiated AA-2G-treated cells were more resistant to radiation than the untreated cells. These results indicate that delayed mitochondrial ROS production may cause some of the cell death after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinko Kobashigawa
- a Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
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Optimization of pancreatic lipase inhibition by Cudrania tricuspidata fruits using response surface methodology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2329-33. [PMID: 24751440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bur. (Moraceae) significantly inhibited pancreatic lipase, which plays a key role in fat absorption. Optimization of extraction conditions with minimum pancreatic lipase activity and maximum yield was determined using response surface methodology with three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). Regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data and the optimal condition was obtained as ethanol concentration, 74.5%; temperature 61.9°C and extraction time, 13.5h. The pancreatic lipase activity and extraction yield under optimal conditions were found to be 65.5% and 54.0%, respectively, which were well matched with the predicted value of 65.8% and 47.1%. Further fractionation of C. tricuspidata extract resulted in the isolation of compound 1, which was identified as 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone. It inhibited pancreatic lipase activity with IC50 value of 65.0μM. HPLC analysis suggested positive correlation between pancreatic lipase inhibition and 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone of C. tricuspidata fruits.
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