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Jarrard TR, Brock E, Hansen LD, Kenealey JD. Measuring β-galactosidase activity in opaque dairy solutions under optimum conditions for galactooligosaccharide synthesis by isothermal titration calorimetry. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8312-8320. [PMID: 37641293 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The dairy industry uses enzymes to make cheese, alter product flavor, and eliminate lactose. The activities of these enzymes have been measured in clear buffered solutions, but because of the limitations of spectrophotometric methods, enzyme activities have not been measured in opaque or colored dairy products where they are used. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) can be used to determine reaction kinetics in opaque and colored solutions by measuring the heat rate (thermal power) from enzyme-catalyzed reactions as a function of time. This study used ITC to measure β-galactosidase activity in opaque solutions of milk, sweet whey, sweet whey permeate, acid whey, and acid whey permeate with 2 β-galactosidase (Enzyme Commission number 3.2.1.23) isozymes derived from Aspergillus oryzae and Kluyveromyces lactis. The components of the dairy fluids alter the enzyme kinetics and reaction thermodynamics, and the reactions catalyzed by the 2 homologues differ as shown by differing thermodynamic profiles. The study demonstrates that ITC can be used to measure enzyme activity in opaque and colored dairy fluids and identify reactions by their thermodynamic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Jarrard
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - E Brock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - L D Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - J D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602.
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2
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Peterson JA, Crowther CM, Andrus MB, Kenealey JD. Resveratrol derivatives increase cytosolic calcium by inhibiting plasma membrane ATPase and inducing calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 19:100667. [PMID: 31463373 PMCID: PMC6709415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a putative chemotherapeutic naturally found in grapes, peanuts, and Japanese knotweed. Previous studies demonstrate that RES modulates calcium signaling as part of its chemotherapeutic activity. In this study, we determined the chemotherapeutic activity of three RES esters that have been modified at the 4' hydroxyl by the addition of pivalate, butyrate, and isobutyrate. All of the RES derivatives disrupted the calcium signaling in prostate cancer cells more than the parent compound, RES. Further, we demonstrate that the RES derivatives may disrupt the calcium homeostasis by activating calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum and inhibiting plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase. The pivalated and butyrated RES derivatives decreased cell viability significantly more than RES. Because pivalated and butyrated RES are more effective than RES at targeting calcium signaling pathways, pivalated and butyrated RES may serve as more effective chemotherapeutics.
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Key Words
- 2-APB, 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate
- AUC, area under the curve
- BuRV, 4′-butyrate resveratrol
- Calcium signaling
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- Fura-2
- Fura-2, Fura-2-Acetoxymethyl ester
- HBSS, Ca2+- and Mg2+-free Hank's Balanced Salt Solution
- IP3, inositol triphosphate
- IP3R, inositol triphosphate receptor
- IsoRV, 4′-isobutyrate resveratrol
- MTT, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PIP2, phosphatidylinositol biphosphate
- PIV, 4′-pivalate resveratrol
- PLC, phospholipase C
- PMCA, plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
- Plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
- Prostate cancer
- RES, resveratrol
- Resveratrol
- SERCA, sarcoendoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase
- TG, thapsigargin
- [Ca2+]i, cytosolic calcium concentration
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Peterson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Colton M. Crowther
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Merritt B. Andrus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jason D. Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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3
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Intagliata S, Modica MN, Santagati LM, Montenegro L. Strategies to Improve Resveratrol Systemic and Topical Bioavailability: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E244. [PMID: 31349656 PMCID: PMC6719186 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to natural compounds due to their many biological effects. Polyphenols are a class of plant derivatives that have been widely investigated for preventing and treating many oxidative stress-related pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus and inflammation. Among these polyphenols, resveratrol (RSV) has attracted considerable interest owing to its high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. However, the poor water solubility and rapid metabolism of RSV lead to low bioavailability, thus limiting its clinical efficacy. After discussing the main biochemical mechanisms involved in RSV biological activities, this review will focus on the strategies attempted to improve RSV effectiveness, both for systemic and for topical administration. In particular, technological approaches involving RSV incorporation into different delivery systems such as liposomes, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, microemulsions and cyclodextrins will be illustrated, highlighting their potential clinical applications. In addition, chemical modifications of this antioxidant aimed at improving its physicochemical properties will be described along with the results of in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Montenegro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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4
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Gandolfi R, Contini A, Pinto D, Marzani B, Pandini S, Nava D, Pini E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Natural Phenolic (2E,4E,6E)-Octa-2,4,6-trienoic Esters. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Gandolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A.Marchesini’; Università di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A.Marchesini’; Università di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Pandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A.Marchesini’; Università di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Donatella Nava
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A.Marchesini’; Università di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Elena Pini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica ‘A.Marchesini’; Università di Milano; Via Venezian 21 20133 Milan Italy
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5
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Peterson JA, Doughty HP, Eells AJ, Johnson TA, Hastings JP, Crowther CM, Andrus MB, Kenealey JD. The Effects of 4'-Esterified Resveratrol Derivatives on Calcium Dynamics in Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E1968. [PMID: 29135943 PMCID: PMC6150182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Frequently, breast cancer cells modulate their calcium signaling pathways to optimize growth. Unique calcium pathways in breast cancer cells could serve as a way to target tumorigenic cells without affecting normal tissue. Resveratrol has previously been shown to activate calcium signaling pathways. We use cell viability, single-cell calcium microscopy, and RT-PCR assays to determine the activity and mechanism of three different 4'-esterified resveratrol derivatives. We demonstrate that two of the derivatives reduce cell viability more effectively than resveratrol in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The derivatives also activate similar pro-apoptotic calcium signaling pathways. In particular, the pivalated and butyrated resveratrol derivatives are intriguing putative chemotherapeutics because they are more effective at decreasing cell viability in vitro and inhibiting the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, a protein that is often modulated in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Peterson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Hayden P Doughty
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Austin J Eells
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Trent A Johnson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jordan P Hastings
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Colton M Crowther
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Merritt B Andrus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Jason D Kenealey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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6
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Lephart ED. Resveratrol, 4' Acetoxy Resveratrol, R-equol, Racemic Equol or S-equol as Cosmeceuticals to Improve Dermal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061193. [PMID: 28587197 PMCID: PMC5486016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are botanical compounds used in dermatology applications as cosmeceuticals to improve skin health. Resveratrol and equol are two of the best-known polyphenolic or phytoestrogens having similar chemical structures and some overlapping biological functions to 17β-estradiol. Human skin gene expression was reviewed for 28 different biomarkers when resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol (4AR), R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol were tested. Sirtuin 1 activator (SIRT 1) was stimulated by resveratrol and 4AR only. Resveratrol, R-equol and racemic equol were effective on the aging biomarkers proliferating cell nuclear factor (PCNA), nerve growth factor (NGF), 5α-reductase and the calcium binding proteins S100 A8 and A9. Racemic equol and 4AR displayed among the highest levels for the collagens, elastin and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1). S-equol displayed the lowest level of effectiveness compared to the other compounds. The 4AR analog was more effective compared to resveratrol by 1.6-fold. R-equol and racemic equol were almost equal in potency displaying greater inhibition vs. resveratrol or its 4′ analog for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but among the inflammatory biomarkers, resveratrol, 4AR, R-equol and racemic equol displayed high inhibition. Thus, these cosmeceuticals display promise to improve dermal health; however, further study is warranted to understand how phytochemicals protect/enhance the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, LS 4005, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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7
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Das UK, Clément R, Johannes CW, Robins EG, Jong H, Baker RT. One-pot Suzuki–Heck relay to prepare industrially valuable intermediates using the Pd–Cy*Phine catalyst system. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A rare example of a one-pot, palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Heck sequence has been developed with applicability to APIs and organoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam K. Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Roxanne Clément
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
| | - Charles W. Johannes
- Organic Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138665
| | - Edward G. Robins
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138667
| | - Howard Jong
- Organic Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical & Engineering Sciences (ICES)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- Singapore 138665
| | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- Canada
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8
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Traficante CI, Fagundez C, Serra GL, Mata EG, Delpiccolo CML. Chemoselective and Sequential Palladium-Catalyzed Couplings for the Generation of Stilbene Libraries via Immobilized Substrates. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:225-9. [PMID: 27073985 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A versatile palladium-catalyzed tandem synthetic sequence to afford E-stilbenes libraries has been developed. Excellent regio- and stereocontrol have been achieved by means of the sequence of Hiyama and Heck cross-couplings. Undesirable homocoupling byproducts were avoided employing immobilized substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I. Traficante
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET—UNR), Facultad de Ciencias
Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Catherine Fagundez
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, (DQO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Gloria L. Serra
- Laboratorio
de Química Farmacéutica, (DQO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral. Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto G. Mata
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET—UNR), Facultad de Ciencias
Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carina M. L. Delpiccolo
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (CONICET—UNR), Facultad de Ciencias
Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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9
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Hurley LL, Akinfiresoye L, Kalejaiye O, Tizabi Y. Antidepressant effects of resveratrol in an animal model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:1-7. [PMID: 24717328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a natural non-flavonoid polyphenol antioxidant extracted from red grapes in the processing of wine. Initially it was studied for its potential as anticancer drug, and later was found to reduce cardiovascular disease. More recently resveratrol was shown to alleviate depressive-like symptoms induced by stress or other means in mice and rats. The major purpose of this study was to investigate whether resveratrol would manifest an antidepressant effect in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, a putative and non-induced animal model of depression, and whether this effect might be associated with an increase in hippocampal and frontal cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein implicated in chronic effects of many antidepressants. Adult male WKY rats were injected with two doses of resveratrol (10 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and their behavior in the open field locomotor activity (LMA), forced swim test (FST: a measure of helplessness), and sucrose preference test (SPT: a measure of anhedonia) was evaluated after a single acute injection or following 7 days of daily treatment. Both acute and chronic administration of resveratrol resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in FST. However, only chronic resveratrol resulted in dose-dependent increase in sucrose consumption. LMA was not affected by any treatment. Parallel to the observed behavioral effects the level of hippocampal, but not frontal cortical, BDNF was also dose-dependently elevated after chronic resveratrol administration. These findings indicate an antidepressant-like effect of resveratrol in an animal model of depression possibly via activation of hippocampal BDNF, and suggest therapeutic potential of resveratrol in at least a subpopulation of depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Hurley
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Luli Akinfiresoye
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Olubukola Kalejaiye
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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10
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Acerson MJ, Andrus MB. Selective esterification of the polyphenol resveratrol at the 4′-position. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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