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Biswas B, Huang YH, Craik DJ, Wang CK. The prospect of substrate-based kinase inhibitors to improve target selectivity and overcome drug resistance. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13130-13147. [PMID: 39183924 PMCID: PMC11339801 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human kinases are recognized as one of the most important drug targets associated with cancer. There are >80 FDA-approved kinase inhibitors to date, most of which work by inhibiting ATP binding to the kinase. However, the frequent development of single-point mutations within the kinase domain has made overcoming drug resistance a major challenge in drug discovery today. Targeting the substrate site of kinases can offer a more selective and resistance-resilient solution compared to ATP inhibition but has traditionally been challenging. However, emerging technologies for the discovery of drug leads using recombinant display and stabilization of lead compounds have increased interest in targeting the substrate site of kinases. This review discusses recent advances in the substrate-based inhibition of protein kinases and the potential of such approaches for overcoming the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Biswas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
| | - Conan K Wang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia 4072
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2
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Kim HG, Sung NY, Kim JH, Cho JY. In vitro anti-cancer effects of beauvericin through inhibition of actin polymerization and Src phosphorylation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154573. [PMID: 36610128 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beauvericin (BEA) is a depsipeptide with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities isolated from Beauveria bassiana. However, little is understood on its anti-cancer activities and mechanism. PURPOSE Aim of this study was to explore the anti-cancer activity of BEA and its underlying molecular mechanism to provide a theoretical basis for its role as a candidate natural drug in cancer diseases. STUDY DESIGN Various cancer cells such as C6 glioma, U251, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HCT-15, LoVo cells, and HEK293T cells were used to the anti-cancer activity of BEA. METHODS To evaluate the anti-cancer activity of BEA, cell viability test (MTT assay), morphological change check, confocal microscopy, actin polymerization assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting analysis. To check the target enzyme of BEA, overexpression and site-directed mutagenesis was employed. RESULTS BEA inhibited the viability of cancer cells including C6, MDA-MB-231, HeLa, HCT-15, LoVo, and U251 cells. Treatment of BEA in C6 glioma cells induced cell membrane blebbing and apoptosis. Caspase-3 and -9 were dose-dependently activated by BEA, and the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was inhibited by BEA. According to confocal microscopy, actin polymerization and actin-actin interaction were interrupted by BEA in C6 cells. BEA regulated the apoptosis of C6 cells depending on the protein phosphorylation of Src and Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3). Moreover, c-terminal amino acids in Src directly interacted with BEA in C6 cells, and the binding of Src and BEA suppressed the kinase activity of Src. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BEA may be a critical candidate or substitute drug for cancer treatment via suppression of the Src/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Yoon Sung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Sanner MF, Zoghebi K, Hanna S, Mozaffari S, Rahighi S, Tiwari RK, Parang K. Cyclic Peptides as Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationship and Molecular Modeling. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:3015-3026. [PMID: 34000187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under-expression or overexpression of protein kinases has been shown to be associated with unregulated cell signal transduction in cancer cells. Therefore, there is major interest in designing protein kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. We have previously reported [WR]5, a peptide containing alternative arginine (R) and tryptophan (W) residues as a non-competitive c-Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor. A number of larger cyclic peptides containing alternative hydrophobic and positively charged residues [WR]x (x = 6-9) and hybrid cyclic-linear peptides, [R6K]W6 and [R5K]W7, containing R and W residues were evaluated for their protein kinase inhibitory potency. Among all the peptides, cyclic peptide [WR]9 was found to be the most potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor. [WR]9 showed higher inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.21 μM) than [WR]5, [WR]6, [WR]7, and [WR]8 with IC50 values of 0.81, 0.57, 0.35, and 0.33 μM, respectively, against c-Src kinase as determined by a radioactive assay using [γ-33P]ATP. Consistent with the result above, [WR]9 inhibited other protein kinases such as Abl kinase activity with an IC50 value of 0.35 μM, showing 2.2-fold higher inhibition than [WR]5 (IC50 = 0.79 μM). [WR]9 also inhibited PKCa kinase activity with an IC50 value of 2.86 μM, approximately threefold higher inhibition than [WR]5 (IC50 = 8.52 μM). A similar pattern was observed against Braf, c-Src, Cdk2/cyclin A1, and Lck. [WR]9 exhibited IC50 values of <0.25 μM against Akt1, Alk, and Btk. These data suggest that [WR]9 is consistently more potent than other cyclic peptides with a smaller ring size and hybrid cyclic-linear peptides [R6K]W6 and [R5K]W7 against selected protein kinases. Thus, the presence of R and W residues in the ring, ring size, and the number of amino acids in the structure of the cyclic peptide were found to be critical in protein kinase inhibitory potency. We identified three putative binding pockets through automated blind docking of cyclic peptides [WR](5-9). The most populated pocket is located between the SH2, SH3, and N-lobe domains on the opposite side of the ATP binding site. The second putative pocket is formed by the same domains and located on the ATP binding site side of the protein. Finally, a third pocket was identified between the SH2 and SH3 domains. These results are consistent with the non-competitive nature of the inhibition displayed by these molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations of the protein-peptide complexes indicate that the presence of either [WR]5 or [WR]9 affects the plasticity of the protein and in particular the volume of the ATP binding site pocket in different ways. These results suggest that the second pocket is most likely the site where these peptides bind and offer a plausible rationale for the increased affinity of [WR]9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel F Sanner
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samara Hanna
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Saghar Mozaffari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, California 92618, United States
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Abstract
Approximately 75% of all disease-relevant human proteins, including those involved in intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs), are undruggable with the current drug modalities (i.e., small molecules and biologics). Macrocyclic peptides provide a potential solution to these undruggable targets because their larger sizes (relative to conventional small molecules) endow them the capability of binding to flat PPI interfaces with antibody-like affinity and specificity. Powerful combinatorial library technologies have been developed to routinely identify cyclic peptides as potent, specific inhibitors against proteins including PPI targets. However, with the exception of a very small set of sequences, the vast majority of cyclic peptides are impermeable to the cell membrane, preventing their application against intracellular targets. This Review examines common structural features that render most cyclic peptides membrane impermeable, as well as the unique features that allow the minority of sequences to enter the cell interior by passive diffusion, endocytosis/endosomal escape, or other mechanisms. We also present the current state of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of cell penetration, the various strategies for designing cell-permeable, biologically active cyclic peptides against intracellular targets, and the assay methods available to quantify their cell-permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ashweta Sahni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dehua Pei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 484 West 12 Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Structure-based inhibitory peptide design targeting peptide-substrate binding site in EGFR tyrosine kinase. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217031. [PMID: 31116768 PMCID: PMC6530890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) plays the critical roles in the vital cell activities, proliferation, differentiation, migration and survival in response to polypeptide growth factor ligands. Aberrant activation of this receptor has been demonstrated in many human cancers, particularly in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). L858R point mutation is the most common oncogenic mutation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC. A feedback inhibitor of EGFR is MIG6 molecule which binds peptide-substrate binding site of the receptor and leads to degradation of activated EGFR. In this in silico study, the peptide-substrate binding site of EGFRL858R mutant has been targeted to inhibit it using molecular docking, MD simulation and MM-PBSA method. Finally, physicochemical properties of the designed peptides have been evaluated. A peptide library was provided composed of 31 peptides which were designed based on the MIG6 structure. The results indicated that, two peptides were able to inhibit EGFRL858R mutant selectively. This computational study could be helpful in designing novel inhibitory peptides to inhibit oncogenic EGFR mutants which do not respond to available EGFR TKIs.
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Bagheri M, Amininasab M, Dathe M. Arginine/Tryptophan-Rich Cyclic α/β-Antimicrobial Peptides: The Roles of Hydrogen Bonding and Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Solvent-Accessible Surface Areas upon Activity and Membrane Selectivity. Chemistry 2018; 24:14242-14253. [PMID: 29969522 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial selectivity of an amphiphilic library of small cyclic α/β-tetra-, α/β-penta-, and α/β-hexapeptides rich in arginine/tryptophan (Arg/Trp) residues, which contains asymmetric backbone configurations and differ in hydrophobicity and alternating d,l-amino acids, was investigated against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. The structural analyses showed that the peptides tend to form assemblies of different shapes. All-l-peptides, especially the most hydrophobic pentamers, were more strongly anti-B. subtilis. With the exception to cyclo(Phe-d-Trp-β3 hArg-Arg-d-Trp) (Phe=phenylalanine), the peptides had no effects on inner membrane of E. coli, but lyzed the lipopolysaccharide layer according to their activity pattern. The activities adversely changed with a decrease in the number of amide intramolecular hydrogen bonds in assemblies of diastereomeric peptides and the ratio of hydrophobic/hydrophilic solvent-accessible surface areas. The remarkable enhanced entropic contribution for the partitioning of the least conformationally constrained cyclo(Trp-d-Phe-β3 hTrp-Arg-d-Arg) sequence into the membranes supported the strong self-assembly behavior, therefore making the peptide less penetrable through the E. coli outer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Bagheri
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, 16 Azar Street, 14176-14335, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehriar Amininasab
- Department of cell and molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of, Tehran, Iran
| | - Margitta Dathe
- Leibniz institute of molecular pharmacology (FMP), Robert Roessle Street 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
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Hanold LE, Fulton MD, Kennedy EJ. Targeting kinase signaling pathways with constrained peptide scaffolds. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 173:159-170. [PMID: 28185915 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Kinases are amongst the largest families in the human proteome and serve as critical mediators of a myriad of cell signaling pathways. Since altered kinase activity is implicated in a variety of pathological diseases, kinases have become a prominent class of proteins for targeted inhibition. Although numerous small molecule and antibody-based inhibitors have already received clinical approval, several challenges may still exist with these strategies including resistance, target selection, inhibitor potency and in vivo activity profiles. Constrained peptide inhibitors have emerged as an alternative strategy for kinase inhibition. Distinct from small molecule inhibitors, peptides can provide a large binding surface area that allows them to bind shallow protein surfaces rather than defined pockets within the target protein structure. By including chemical constraints within the peptide sequence, additional benefits can be bestowed onto the peptide scaffold such as improved target affinity and target selectivity, cell permeability and proteolytic resistance. In this review, we highlight examples of diverse chemistries that are being employed to constrain kinase-targeting peptide scaffolds and highlight their application to modulate kinase signaling as well as their potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Hanold
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Melody D Fulton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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8
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Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Tiwari RK, Oh D, Sullivan B, Kumar A, Beni YA, Parang K. Cyclic peptide-selenium nanoparticles as drug transporters. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3631-41. [PMID: 25184366 PMCID: PMC4186687 DOI: 10.1021/mp500364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic peptide composed of five tryptophan, four arginine, and one cysteine [W5R4C] was synthesized. The peptide was evaluated for generating cyclic peptide-capped selenium nanoparticles (CP-SeNPs) in situ. A physical mixing of the cyclic peptide with SeO3(-2) solution in water generated [W5R4C]-SeNPs via the combination of reducing and capping properties of amino acids in the peptide structure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that [W5R4C]-SeNPs were in the size range of 110-150 nm. Flow cytometry data revealed that a fluorescence-labeled phosphopeptide (F'-PEpYLGLD, where F' = fluorescein) and an anticancer drug (F'-dasatinib) exhibited approximately 25- and 9-times higher cellular uptake in the presence of [W5R4C]-SeNPs than those of F'-PEpYLGLD and dasatinib alone in human leukemia (CCRF-CEM) cells after 2 h of incubation, respectively. Confocal microscopy also exhibited higher cellular delivery of F'-PEpYLGLD and F'-dasatinib in the presence of [W5R4C]-SeNPs compared to the parent fluorescence-labeled drug alone in human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells after 2 h of incubation at 37 °C. The antiproliferative activities of several anticancer drugs doxorubicin, gemcitabine, clofarabine, etoposide, camptothecin, irinotecan, epirubicin, fludarabine, dasatinib, and paclitaxel were improved in the presence of [W5R4C]-SeNPs (50 μM) by 38%, 49%, 36%, 36%, 31%, 30%, 30%, 28%, 24%, and 17%, respectively, after 48 h incubation in SK-OV-3 cells. The results indicate that CP-SeNPs can be potentially used as nanosized delivery tools for negatively charged biomolecules and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Chao Family Comprehensice Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine , Shanbrom Hall, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, California 92868, United States
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9
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Chand K, Prasad S, Tiwari RK, Shirazi AN, Kumar S, Parang K, Sharma SK. Synthesis and evaluation of c-Src kinase inhibitory activity of pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2014; 53:75-82. [PMID: 24632506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Src kinase, a prototype member of the Src family of kinases (SFKs), is over-expressed in various human tumors, and has become a target for anticancer drug design. In this perspective, a series of eighteen 2-pyridone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their c-Src kinase inhibitory activity. Among them, eight compounds exhibited c-Src kinase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of less than 25μM. Compound 1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-5-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (36) exhibited the highest c-Src kinase inhibition with an IC50 value of 12.5μM. Furthermore, the kinase inhibitory activity of compound 36 was studied against EGFR, MAPK and PDK, however no significant activity was observed at the highest tested concentration (300μM). These results provide insights for further optimization of this scaffold for designing the next generation of 2-pyridone derivatives as candidate Src kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Chand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Amir N Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India; Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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El-Sayed NS, Shirazi AN, El-Meligy MG, El-Ziaty AK, Nagib ZA, Parang K. Synthesis of 4-aryl-6-indolylpyridine-3-carbonitriles and evaluation of their antiproliferative activity. Tetrahedron Lett 2014; 55:1154-1158. [PMID: 24678129 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of 6-indolypyridine-3-carbonitrilile derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities to establish structure-activity relationship. The synthesis was carried out through one-pot multicomponent reaction of 3-acetylindole, aromatic aldehydes, ethyl cyanoacetate, and ammonium acetate in the presence of piperidine as a catalyst, using a microwave irradiation method or a traditional thermal method. This was followed by chlorination for compounds 13a-e and subsequent nucleophilic substitution of the chlorine group by ethylenediamine at C2 position of the pyridine ring. The antiproliferative activity of these new nicotinonitriles was evaluated against human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. Among all compounds, 2-((2-aminoethyl)amino)-4-aryl-6-indolylnicotinonitriles series (15a, 15b, 15d, and 15e) exhibited higher antiproliferative activity cells with IC50 values of 4.1-13.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Salem El-Sayed
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt ; Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States ; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Magda Goda El-Meligy
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kamel El-Ziaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Zenat Adeeb Nagib
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States ; School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
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Shirazi AN, Oh D, Tiwari RK, Sullivan B, Gupta A, Bothun GD, Parang K. Peptide amphiphile containing arginine and fatty acyl chains as molecular transporters. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4717-27. [PMID: 24215132 PMCID: PMC3873380 DOI: 10.1021/mp400539r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are promising tools for the intracellular delivery of numerous drugs. PAs are known to be biodegradable systems. Here, four PA derivatives containing arginine and lysine conjugated with fatty acyl groups with different chain lengths, namely, PA1: R-K(C14)-R, PA2: R-K(C16)-R, PA3: K(C14)-R-K(C14), and PA4: K(C16)-R-K(C16), where C16 = palmitic acid and C14 = myristic acid, were synthesized through Fmoc chemistry. Flow cytometry studies showed that, among all synthesized PAs, only K(C16)-R-K(C16), PA4 was able to enhance the cellular uptake of a fluorescence-labeled anti-HIV drug 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacythidine (F'-3TC, F' = fluorescein) and a biologically important phosphopeptide (F'-PEpYLGLD) in human leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) after 2 h incubation. For example, the cellular uptake of F'-3TC and F'-PEpYLGLD was enhanced approximately 7.1- and 12.6-fold in the presence of the PA4 compared to those of the drugs alone. Confocal microscopy of F'-3TC and F'-PEpYLGLD loaded PA4 in live cells showed significantly higher intracellular localization than the drug alone in human ovarian cells (SK-OV-3) after 2 h incubation. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results showed that loading of Dox by the peptide amphiphile was 56% after 24 h. The loaded Dox was released (34%) within 48 h intracellularly. The circular dichrosim (CD) results exhibited that the secondary structure of the peptide was changed upon interactions with Dox. Mechanistic studies revealed that endocytosis is the major pathway of the internalization. These studies suggest that PAs containing the appropriate sequence of amino acids, chain length, charge, and hydrophobicity can be used as cellular delivery tools for transporting drugs and biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Donghoon Oh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Brian Sullivan
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Anju Gupta
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Department of Engineering, College of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas 78041, United States
| | - Geoffrey D. Bothun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
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12
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Nasrolahi Shirazi A, Tiwari RK, Oh D, Sullivan B, McCaffrey K, Mandal D, Parang K. Surface decorated gold nanoparticles by linear and cyclic peptides as molecular transporters. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3137-51. [PMID: 23834324 DOI: 10.1021/mp400199e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ in a green and rapid method from the reaction of reducing linear and cyclic peptides containing tryptophan and lysine residues, (KW)5 and cyclic [KW]5, with an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 and were evaluated as cellular nanodrug delivery systems. The cyclic or linear nature of the peptide was found to determine the morphology and size of the formed peptide-AuNPs and their in vitro molecular transporting efficiency. While cyclic [KW]5-AuNPs formed sponge-like agglomerates, linear (KW)5-AuNPs demonstrated ball-shaped structures. A comparative flow cytometry study showed that the cellular uptake of fluorescence-labeled anti-HIV drugs (emtricitabine (FTC) and lamivudine (3TC)) in human leukemia (CCRF-CEM) cells, and a negatively charged cell-impermeable phosphopeptide (GpYEEI) in human ovarian adecarcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells was significantly higher in the presence of cyclic [KW]5-AuNPs than that of linear (KW)5-AuNPs, parent cyclic [KW]5, and linear (KW)5 peptides. For example, the cellular uptake of F'-GpYEEI was enhanced 12.8-fold by c[KW]5-AuNPs. Confocal microscopy revealed the localization of fluorescence-labeled-3TC in the presence of c[KW]5-AuNPs mostly in nucleus in SK-OV-3 cells after 1 h. On the other hand, l(KW)5-AuNPs delivered fluorescence-labeled-3TC in cytoplasm. These data suggest that noncell penetrating peptides can be converted to efficient molecular transporters through peptide-capped AuNPs formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island , Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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