1
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Xiang Y, Naik S, Zhao L, Shi J, Ke H. Emerging phosphodiesterase inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1404-1445. [PMID: 38279990 DOI: 10.1002/med.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) cause progressive loss of neuron structure and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Since the available drugs show only limited symptomatic relief, NDs are currently considered as incurable. This review will illustrate the principal roles of the signaling systems of cyclic adenosine and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphates (cAMP and cGMP) in the neuronal functions, and summarize expression/activity changes of the associated enzymes in the ND patients, including cyclases, protein kinases, and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). As the sole enzymes hydrolyzing cAMP and cGMP, PDEs are logical targets for modification of neurodegeneration. We will focus on PDE inhibitors and their potentials as disease-modifying therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. For the overlapped but distinct contributions of cAMP and cGMP to NDs, we hypothesize that dual PDE inhibitors, which simultaneously regulate both cAMP and cGMP signaling pathways, may have complementary and synergistic effects on modifying neurodegeneration and thus represent a new direction on the discovery of ND drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Swapna Naik
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale Cancer Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Liyun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Abdullaha M, Banoo R, Nuthakki VK, Sharma M, Kaur S, Thakur S, Kumar A, Jadhav HR, Bharate SB. Methoxy-naphthyl-Linked N-Benzyl Pyridinium Styryls as Dual Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Structure-Activity Relationship. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:17591-17608. [PMID: 37251153 PMCID: PMC10210183 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) indicates the need for multitargeted agents as potential therapeutics. Both cholinesterases (ChEs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), play a vital role in disease progression. Thus, inhibiting both ChEs is more beneficial than only one for effectively managing AD. The present study provides a detailed lead optimization of the e-pharmacophore-generated pyridinium styryl scaffold to discover a dual ChE inhibitor. A structure-activity relationship analysis indicated the importance of three structural fragments, methoxy-naphthyl, vinyl-pyridinium, and substituted-benzyl, in a dual ChE inhibitor pharmacophore. The optimized 6-methoxy-naphthyl derivative, 7av (SB-1436), inhibits EeAChE and eqBChE with IC50 values of 176 and 370 nM, respectively. The kinetic study has shown that 7av inhibits AChE and BChE in a non-competitive manner with ki values of 46 and 115 nM, respectively. The docking and molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that 7av binds with the catalytic and peripheral anionic sites of AChE and BChE. Compound 7av also significantly stops the self-aggregation of Aβ. The data presented herein indicate the potential of 7av for further investigation in preclinical models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Abdullaha
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Razia Banoo
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vijay K. Nuthakki
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sukhleen Kaur
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
and Sciences Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Hemant R. Jadhav
- Department
of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology
and Sciences Pilani, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sandip B. Bharate
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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3
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Reshetnikov DV, Ivanov ID, Baev DS, Rybalova TV, Mozhaitsev ES, Patrushev SS, Vavilin VA, Tolstikova TG, Shults EE. Design, Synthesis and Assay of Novel Methylxanthine-Alkynylmethylamine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248787. [PMID: 36557921 PMCID: PMC9788520 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine derivatives have been a great area of interest for the development of potent bioactive agents. Thirty-eight methylxanthine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE) were designed and synthesized. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of 8-chlorocaffeine with aryl(hetaryl)boronic acids, the CuAAC reaction of 8-ethynylcaffeine with several azides, and the copper(I) catalyzed one-pot three-component reaction (A3-coupling) of 8-ethynylcaffeine, 1-(prop-2-ynyl)-, or 7-(prop-2-ynyl)-dimethylxanthines with formaldehyde and secondary amines were the main approaches for the synthesis of substituted methylxanthine derivatives (yield 53-96%). The bioactivity of all new compounds was evaluated by Ellman's method, and the results showed that most of the synthesized compounds displayed good and moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities in vitro. The structure-activity relationships were also discussed. The data revealed that compounds 53, 59, 65, 66, and 69 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 of 0.25, 0.552, 0.089, 0.746, and 0.121 μM, respectively. The binding conformation and simultaneous interaction modes were further clarified by molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila V. Reshetnikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor D. Ivanov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Baev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii S. Mozhaitsev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Patrushev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin A. Vavilin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Timakov Str., 2/12, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana G. Tolstikova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elvira E. Shults
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentyev Ave, 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(383)-3308533
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4
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Sharma M, Sharma A, Nuthakki VK, Bhatt S, Nandi U, Bharate SB. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of caffeine-based triazoles as dual AChE and BACE-1 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1803-1821. [PMID: 36161804 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have significantly contributed to drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Caffeine is one of the well-known central nervous system(CNS)-active natural products. Besides its CNS stimulant properties, it is a mild inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and possesses memory-enhancing properties. The present work aimed to improve the AChE inhibition activity of the caffeine. The rationally designed caffeine-based triazoles were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for cholinesterase and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) inhibitory activities. The attachment of triazole to the caffeine enhances its AChE inhibition activity from half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 129 µM to 0.49 µM (derivative, 6l). The caffeine core interacts with the peripheral anionic site, whereas the benzyl triazole occupies the catalytic anionic site located at the bottom of the active site gorge. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the four-atom ester linker is superior to shorter linkers for connecting the caffeine core to the triazole. The 2,6-difluorobenzyl triazole-linked caffeine derivative, 6d, exhibits dual inhibition of AChE and BACE-1 with IC50 values of 1.43 and 10.9 µM, respectively. The derivative 6d inhibits AChE via a mixed-type mode with an inhibition rate constant (Ki ) value of 2.35 μM, which was corroborated by docking studies. The triazole 6d has an acceptable stability profile in human liver microsomes (t1/2 = 54 min) and was found to possess CNS permeability when evaluated using the parallel artificial membrane permeability blood-brain barrier assay. The results presented herein warrant investigating caffeine-based triazoles in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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5
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M Yelanchezian YM, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A. Neuroprotective Effect of Caffeine in Alzheimer's Disease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123737. [PMID: 35744865 PMCID: PMC9227174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, predicted to be the most significant health burden of the 21st century, with an estimated 131.5 million dementia patients by the year 2050. This review aims to provide an overview of the effect of caffeine on AD and cognition by summarizing relevant research conducted on this topic. We searched the Web of Science core collection and PubMed for studies related to the effect of caffeine on AD and cognition using title search terms: caffeine; coffee; Alzheimer’s; cognition. There is suggestive evidence from clinical studies that caffeine is neuroprotective against dementia and possibly AD (20 out of 30 studies support this), but further studies, such as the “ideal” study proposed in this review, are required to prove this link. Clinical studies also indicate that caffeine is a cognitive normalizer and not a cognitive enhancer. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest the neuroprotective effect of caffeine might be confounded by gender. There is robust evidence based on in vivo and in vitro studies that caffeine has neuroprotective properties in AD animal models (21 out of 22 studies support this), but further studies are needed to identify the mechanistic pathways mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mukish M Yelanchezian
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.M.M.Y.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Henry J. Waldvogel
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.M.M.Y.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Richard L. M. Faull
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.M.M.Y.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (Y.M.M.Y.); (H.J.W.); (R.L.M.F.)
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 W5P7 Galway, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +343-09149-3012
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6
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Multi-target Natural and Nature-Inspired Compounds against Neurodegeneration: A Focus on Dual Cholinesterase and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is a memory-related neurodegenerative condition leading to cognitive impairment. Cholinergic deficit, together with other underlying mechanisms, leads the to onset and progression of the disease. Consequently, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are used for the symptomatic treatment of dementia, even if limited efficacy is observed. More recently, some specific phosphodiesterase isoforms emerged as promising, alternative targets for developing inhibitors to contrast neurodegeneration. Phosphodiesterase isoforms 4, 5 and 9 were found to be expressed in brain regions that are relevant for cognition. Given the complex nature of Alzheimer’s disease and the combination of involved biochemical mechanisms, the development of polypharmacological agents acting on more than one pathway is desirable. This review provides an overview of recent reports focused on natural and Nature-inspired small molecules, or plant extracts, acting as dual cholinesterase and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. In the context of the multi-target directed ligand approach, such molecules would pave the way for the development of novel agents against neurodegeneration. More precisely, according to the literature data, xanthines, other alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins and polyphenolic acids represent promising scaffolds for future optimization.
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7
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Borowiecki P, Młynek M, Dranka M. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically enriched diprophylline and xanthinol nicotinate. Bioorg Chem 2020; 106:104448. [PMID: 33229120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A concise chemoenzymatic route toward enantiomerically enriched active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) - diprophylline and xanthinol nicotinate - is reported for the first time. The decisive step is an enantioselective lipase-mediated methanolysis of racemic chlorohydrin-synthon acetate, namely 1-chloro-3-(1,3-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-7H-purin-7-yl)propan-2-yl acetate, performed under kinetically-controlled conditions on a preparative 500 mg-scale. The best results in terms of reaction enantioselectivity (E = 14) were obtained for the enantiomers resolution performed with lipase type B from Candida antarctica immobilized on acrylic resin (CAL-B, Novozym 435) suspended in homophasic acetonitrile-methanol mixture. The elaborated biocatalytic system furnished the key chlorohydrin intermediate (in 71% ee and 38% yield), which was then smoothly converted into enantioenriched active agents: (R)-(-)-diprophylline (57% ee) and (S)-(+)-xanthinol nicotinate (65% ee). To support the assignment of absolute configurations of EKR-products as well as to confirm the stereochemical outcome of the remaining reaction steps, docking studies toward the prediction of enantiomers binding selectivity in CAL-B active site as well as the respective chemical correlations with enantiomerically enriched analytical standards obtained from commercially available (R)-(-)-epichlorohydrin, were applied. In addition, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed for the synthesized optically active APIs furnishing by this manner a first crystal structures of nicotinic acid salt of xanthinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformations, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Młynek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Biotransformations, Koszykowa St. 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Bisognin RP, Wolff DB, Carissimi E, Prestes OD, Zanella R, Storck TR, Clasen B. Potential environmental toxicity of sewage effluent with pharmaceuticals. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:1315-1326. [PMID: 32797393 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sewage effluent effects on the biochemical parameters of Astyanax bimaculatus organs were investigateted. Treated sewage was collected in a treatment plant; 43 compounds, among them, pharmaceuticals and hormones, were investigated. Caffeine, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, oxytetracycline, paracetamol, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole and tylosin waste was detected in the collected material. Fish were divided into four groups: control, TSE (treated sewage effluent), TSE + P (TSE with increased concentration of five pharmaceuticals) and PTSE (TSE + P post-treated with O3/H2O2/UV). Biochemical parameters were evaluated in different organs after 14-day exposure. TBARS levels increased significantly in the brain of animals in the TSE and TSE + P groups in comparison to the control. There was significant reduction in TBARS levels recorded for the liver, muscle and gills of animals in the PTSE group in comparison to those of animals in the other groups. AChE activity reduced in the muscle of animals in the groups showing the highest pharmaceutical concentrations. CAT activity in the liver of animals in groups exposed to pharmaceutical effluent was inhibited. GST activity increased in brain of animals in the TSE + P and PTSE groups, whereas reduced levels of this activity were observed in liver of animals in the TSE group. Increased GST activity was observed in the brain of animals in TSE + P and PTSE groups. Based on integrated biomarker response values, the TSE + P group presented greater changes in the analyzed parameters. Results point out that pharmaceutical waste can cause oxidative stress, as well as affect biochemical and enzymatic parameters in Astyanax sp. Post-treatment can also reduce damages caused to fish, even in case of the likely formation of metabolites. Based on these results, these metabolites can be less toxic than the original compounds; however, they were not able to fully degrade the pharmaceutical waste found in the sewage, which can interfere in fish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Pereira Bisognin
- State University of Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Três Passos, St. Cipriano Barata, num. 211, Três Passos, RS, 98600-000, Brazil
| | - Delmira Beatriz Wolff
- Pós-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Pós-Graduate Program in Civil Engineering (PPGEC), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Osmar Damian Prestes
- LARP-Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, UFSM, Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Renato Zanella
- LARP-Laboratory of Pesticide Residue Analysis, UFSM, Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Rosso Storck
- Pós-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering (PPGEAmb), Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Barbara Clasen
- State University of Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Três Passos, St. Cipriano Barata, num. 211, Três Passos, RS, 98600-000, Brazil.
- Pós-Graduate Program in Environmental Engineering (PPGEAmb), Technology Center, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, num. 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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9
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Guo Y, Yang H, Huang Z, Tian S, Li Q, Du C, Chen T, Liu Y, Sun H, Liu Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Dual-Target Inhibitors against Alzheimer's Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E489. [PMID: 31979317 PMCID: PMC7038160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel compounds 6a-h, 8i-1, 10s-v, and 16a-d were synthesized and evaluated, together with the known analogs 11a-f, for their inhibitory activities towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). The inhibitory activities of AChE and BChE were evaluated in vitro by Ellman method. The results show that some compounds have good inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE. Among them, compound 8i showed the strongest inhibitory effect on both AChE (eeAChE IC50 = 0.39 μM) and BChE (eqBChE IC50 = 0.28 μM). Enzyme inhibition kinetics and molecular modeling studies have shown that compound 8i bind simultaneously to the peripheral anionic site (PAS) and the catalytic sites (CAS) of AChE and BChE. In addition, the cytotoxicity of compound 8i is lower than that of Tacrine, indicating its potential safety as anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) agents. In summary, these data suggest that compound 8i is a promising multipotent agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sen Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qihang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenxi Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tingkai Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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10
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Hoffmann M, Stiller C, Endres E, Scheiner M, Gunesch S, Sotriffer C, Maurice T, Decker M. Highly Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors with Tunable Duration of Action by Chemical Modification of Transferable Carbamate Units Exhibit Pronounced Neuroprotective Effect in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9116-9140. [PMID: 31609115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the carbamate structure of pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors was optimized with regard to a longer binding to the enzyme. A set of compounds bearing different heterocycles (e.g., morpholine, tetrahydroisoquinoline, benzimidazole, piperidine) and alkylene spacers (2 to 10 methylene groups between carbamate and heterocycle) in the carbamate residue was synthesized and characterized in vitro for their binding affinity, binding kinetics, and carbamate hydrolysis. These novel BChE inhibitors are highly selective for hBChE over human acetycholinesterase (hAChE), yielding short-, medium-, and long-acting nanomolar hBChE inhibitors (with a half-life of the carbamoylated enzyme ranging from 1 to 28 h). The inhibitors show neuroprotective properties in a murine hippocampal cell line and a pharmacological mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting a significant benefit of BChE inhibition for a disease-modifying treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoffmann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Carina Stiller
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Erik Endres
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Scheiner
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Sandra Gunesch
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Tangui Maurice
- INSERM UMR-S1198 , University of Montpellier , Place Eugène Bataillon , Montpellier F-34095 , France
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , Julius Maximilian University Würzburg , Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg , Germany
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11
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Zengin Kurt B, Durdagi S, Celebi G, Ekhteiari Salmas R, Sonmez F. Synthesis, anticholinesterase activity and molecular modeling studies of novel carvacrol-substituted amide derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:841-859. [PMID: 30836858 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1590243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 23 novel carvacrol derivatives involving the amide moiety as a linker between the alkyl chains and/or the heterocycle nucleus were synthesized and tested in vitro as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. 2-(5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenoxy)-N-(quinolin-8-yl)acetamide (5v) revealed the highest inhibition properties against AChE and BuChE with the IC50 values of 1.93 and 0.05 µM, respectively. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the potent inhibitor (5v) was also assessed by the widely used parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA-BBB). The results showed that 5v is capable of crossing the BBB. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles of the studied molecule predictions were investigated by MetaCore/MetaDrug comprehensive systems biology analysis suite. Bioactive conformations of the synthesized molecules, their predicted binding energies as well as structural and dynamical profiles of molecules at the binding pockets of AChE and BuChE targets were also investigated using different docking algorithms and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Zengin Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulsen Celebi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sonmez
- Pamukova Vocational High School, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
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12
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Kumar A, Mehta V, Raj U, Varadwaj PK, Udayabanu M, Yennamalli RM, Singh TR. Computational and In-Vitro Validation of Natural Molecules as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Neuroprotective Agents. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:116-127. [DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666181212155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cholinesterase inhibitors are the first line of therapy for the management of
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, it is now established that they provide only temporary and symptomatic
relief, besides, having several inherited side-effects. Therefore, an alternative drug discovery
method is used to identify new and safer ‘disease-modifying drugs’.
Methods:
Herein, we screened 646 small molecules of natural origin having reported pharmacological
and functional values through in-silico docking studies to predict safer neuromodulatory molecules with
potential to modulate acetylcholine metabolism. Further, the potential of the predicted molecules to inhibit
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and their ability to protect neurons from degeneration was
determined through in-vitro assays.
Results:
Based on in-silico AChE interaction studies, we predicted quercetin, caffeine, ascorbic acid and
gallic acid to be potential AChE inhibitors. We confirmed the AChE inhibitory potential of these molecules
through in-vitro AChE inhibition assay and compared results with donepezil and begacestat. Herbal
molecules significantly inhibited enzyme activity and inhibition for quercetin and caffeine did not show
any significant difference from donepezil. Further, the tested molecules did not show any neurotoxicity
against primary (E18) hippocampal neurons. We observed that quercetin and caffeine significantly improved
neuronal survival and efficiently protected hippocampal neurons from HgCl2 induced neurodegeneration,
which other molecules, including donepezil and begacestat, failed to do.
Conclusion:
Quercetin and caffeine have the potential as “disease-modifying drugs” and may find application
in the management of neurological disorders such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Vineet Mehta
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Utkarsh Raj
- Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh - 211012, India
| | - Pritish Kumar Varadwaj
- Indian Institute of Information Technology-Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh - 211012, India
| | - Malairaman Udayabanu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Ragothaman M. Yennamalli
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
| | - Tiratha Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173234, India
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Colombo R, Papetti A. An outlook on the role of decaffeinated coffee in neurodegenerative diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:760-779. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1550384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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14
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Wu W, Liang X, Xie G, Chen L, Liu W, Luo G, Zhang P, Yu L, Zheng X, Ji H, Zhang C, Yi W. Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Ligustrazine Derivatives as Multi-Targeted Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102540. [PMID: 30301153 PMCID: PMC6222487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel ligustrazine derivatives 8a–r were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multi-targeted inhibitors for anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug discovery. The results showed that most of them exhibited a potent ability to inhibit both ChEs, with a high selectivity towards AChE. In particular, compounds 8q and 8r had the greatest inhibitory abilities for AChE, with IC50 values of 1.39 and 0.25 nM, respectively, and the highest selectivity towards AChE (for 8q, IC50 BuChE/IC50 AChE = 2.91 × 106; for 8r, IC50 BuChE/IC50 AChE = 1.32 × 107). Of note, 8q and 8r also presented potent inhibitory activities against Aβ aggregation, with IC50 values of 17.36 µM and 49.14 µM, respectively. Further cellular experiments demonstrated that the potent compounds 8q and 8r had no obvious cytotoxicity in either HepG2 cells or SH-SY5Y cells, even at a high concentration of 500 μM. Besides, a combined Lineweaver-Burk plot and molecular docking study revealed that these compounds might act as mixed-type inhibitors to exhibit such effects via selectively targeting both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChEs. Taken together, these results suggested that further development of these compounds should be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xintong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guoquan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Langdi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Weixiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guolin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peiquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Sonmez F, Zengin Kurt B, Gazioglu I, Basile L, Dag A, Cappello V, Ginex T, Kucukislamoglu M, Guccione S. Design, synthesis and docking study of novel coumarin ligands as potential selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:285-297. [PMID: 28097911 PMCID: PMC6010140 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1250753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New coumaryl-thiazole derivatives with the acetamide moiety as a linker between the alkyl chains and/or the heterocycle nucleus were synthesized and in vitro tested as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. 2-(diethylamino)-N-(4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)thiazol-2-yl)acetamide (6c, IC50 value of 43 nM) was the best AChE inhibitor with a selectivity index of 4151.16 over BuChE. Kinetic study of AChE inhibition revealed that 6c was a mixed-type inhibitor. Moreover, the result of H4IIE hepatoma cell toxicity assay for 6c showed negligible cell death. Molecular docking studies were also carried out to clarify the inhibition mode of the more active compounds. Best pose of compound 6c is positioned into the active site with the coumarin ring wedged between the residues of the CAS and catalytic triad of AChE. In addition, the coumarin ring is anchored into the gorge of the enzyme by H-bond with Tyr130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Sonmez
- Pamukova Vocational High School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Belma Zengin Kurt
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Livia Basile
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
| | - Aydan Dag
- Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Molecular Modelling Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Mustafa Kucukislamoglu
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Guccione
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Città Universitaria, Catania, Italy
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16
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Synthesis of a new class of bisheterocycles via the Heck reaction of eudesmane type methylene lactones with 8-bromoxanthines. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Microwave assisted synthesis of novel hybrid tacrine-sulfonamide derivatives and investigation of their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:245-255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Engineering a microbial platform for de novo biosynthesis of diverse methylxanthines. Metab Eng 2016; 38:191-203. [PMID: 27519552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Engineered microbial biosynthesis of plant natural products can support manufacturing of complex bioactive molecules and enable discovery of non-naturally occurring derivatives. Purine alkaloids, including caffeine (coffee), theophylline (antiasthma drug), theobromine (chocolate), and other methylxanthines, play a significant role in pharmacology and food chemistry. Here, we engineered the eukaryotic microbial host Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the de novo biosynthesis of methylxanthines. We constructed a xanthine-to-xanthosine conversion pathway in native yeast central metabolism to increase endogenous purine flux for the production of 7-methylxanthine, a key intermediate in caffeine biosynthesis. Yeast strains were further engineered to produce caffeine through expression of several enzymes from the coffee plant. By expressing combinations of different N-methyltransferases, we were able to demonstrate re-direction of flux to an alternate pathway and develop strains that support the production of diverse methylxanthines. We achieved production of 270μg/L, 61μg/L, and 3700μg/L of caffeine, theophylline, and 3-methylxanthine, respectively, in 0.3-L bench-scale batch fermentations. The constructed strains provide an early platform for de novo production of methylxanthines and with further development will advance the discovery and synthesis of xanthine derivatives.
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19
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Osman W, Mohamed T, Sit VM, Vasefi MS, Beazely MA, Rao PPN. Structure-activity relationship studies of benzyl-, phenethyl-, and pyridyl-substituted tetrahydroacridin-9-amines as multitargeting agents to treat Alzheimer's disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:710-723. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wesseem Osman
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Tarek Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Victor Munsing Sit
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Maryam S. Vasefi
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Michael A. Beazely
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
| | - Praveen P. N. Rao
- School of Pharmacy; Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; Waterloo ON Canada
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20
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Teimuri-Mofrad R, Nikbakht R, Gholamhosseini-Nazari M. A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of new 2-(4-amino substituted benzilidine) indanone derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Batista D, Schwarz S, Loesche A, Csuk R, Costa PJ, Oliveira MC, Xavier NM. Synthesis of glucopyranos-6′-yl purine and pyrimidine isonucleosides as potential cholinesterase inhibitors. Access to pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through Mitsunobu reaction. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe synthesis of new isonucleosides comprising purine and pyrimidine-derived systems linked to methyl glucopyranosidyl units at C-6 and evaluation of their cholinesterase inhibitory profiles is reported. Their access was based on the Mitsunobu coupling of partially acetylated and benzylated methyl glucopyranosides with purine and pyrimidine derivatives. While the reactions with purines and theobromine proceeded with complete regioselectivity, affording exclusively N9- or N1-linked 6′-isonucleosides, respectively, the use of pyrimidine nucleobases led to N1 and/or N3-glucopyranosid-6′-yl pyrimidines and/or to N1,N3/2-O,4-O-pyrimidine-linked pseudodisaccharides through bis-coupling, depending on the substitution pattern of the sugar precursor and on the nature of the nucleobase. From this series of compounds, four were shown to be effective and selective inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase with inhibition constants in the micromolar concentration range. A tri-O-acetylated N1-glucopyranosid-6′-yl theobromine and a benzylated N1,N3-bis-glucopyranosid-6-yl thymine were the most active molecules with Ki values of 4 μM. A tri-O-benzylated glucopyranosid-6′-yl uracil displayed good and selective inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (Ki=8.4±1.0 μM), similar to that exhibited by the standard galantamine. Molecular docking simulations, performed with the two most effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, showed interactions with key amino acid residues located at the enzyme’s active site gorge, which explain the competitive component of their inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Batista
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anne Loesche
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - René Csuk
- 2Bereich Organische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Conceição Oliveira
- 3Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. Xavier
- 1Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C8, 5° Piso, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Aguirre-Martínez GV, DelValls TA, Martín-Díaz ML. General stress, detoxification pathways, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to human pharmaceuticals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:18-31. [PMID: 26436477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A battery of biomarkers was evaluated on Ruditapes philippinarum exposed during 14 days to caffeine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin (0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, and 50µgL(-1)). The battery included general stress (lysosomal membrane stability - LMS) analysed in the hemolymph, and biochemical biomarkers analysed in digestive gland tissues including: biomarkers of phase I (etoxyresorufin O-deethylase - EROD, dibenzylfluorescein dealkylase - DBF), phase II (gluthathione-S-transferase - GST), oxidative stress (gluthathione reductase - GR, gluthathione peroxidase - GPX, lipid peroxidation - LPO), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity - AChE), and genotoxicity (DNA damage). Pharmaceuticals tested induced the sublethal responses (even at the environmental range 0.1µgL(-1)). At this low concentration; caffeine, ibuprofen and carbamazepine decreased the LMS significantly compared with controls (p<0.05). The four compounds induced significantly the detoxification metabolism and oxidative stress (p<0.05). Neurotoxicity was noticed in clams exposed to caffeine and carbamazepine (p<0.05). Ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin produced genotoxic effects (p<0.05). Results from this research validate the use of biomarkers when assessing the effects of pharmaceuticals within a marine environmental risk assessment framework, using as a laboratory bioassay model the species R. philippinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela V Aguirre-Martínez
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; Andalusian Center for Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - T Angel DelValls
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - M Laura Martín-Díaz
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Cádiz, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; Andalusian Center for Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR), Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Kurt BZ, Gazioglu I, Basile L, Sonmez F, Ginex T, Kucukislamoglu M, Guccione S. Potential of aryl–urea–benzofuranylthiazoles hybrids as multitasking agents in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:80-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pérez-Garrido A, Rivero-Buceta V, Cano G, Kumar S, Pérez-Sánchez H, Bautista MT. Latest QSAR study of adenosine A $$_{\mathrm{2B}}$$ 2 B receptor affinity of xanthines and deazaxanthines. Mol Divers 2015; 19:975-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-015-9608-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Ahmed MAE, El-Awdan SA. Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline mitigate nandrolone decanoate-induced neurobehavioral perturbations in rats via re-balance of brain neurotransmitters, up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression. Horm Behav 2015; 73:186-99. [PMID: 26187709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral perturbations associated with nandrolone decanoate abuse by athletes and adolescents may be attributed to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully explored. On the other hand, the natural antioxidant lipoic acid can pass the blood brain barrier and enhance Nrf2/HO-1 (nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1) pathway. In addition, the phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitor xanthine derivative pentoxifylline has a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Therefore, this study aimed at investigation of the possible protective effects of lipoic acid and/or pentoxifylline against nandrolone-induced neurobehavioral alterations in rats. Accordingly, male albino rats were randomly distributed into seven groups and treated with either vehicle, nandrolone (15mg/kg, every third day, s.c.), lipoic acid (100mg/kg/day, p.o.), pentoxifylline (200mg/kg/day, i.p.), or nandrolone with lipoic acid and/or pentoxifylline. Rats were challenged in the open field, rewarded T-maze, Morris water maze, and resident-intruder aggression behavioral tests. The present findings showed that nandrolone induced hyperlocomotion, anxiety, memory impairment, and aggression in rats. These behavioral abnormalities were accompanied by several biochemical changes, including altered levels of brain monoamines, GABA, and acetylcholine, enhanced levels of malondialdehyde and TNF-α, elevated activity of acetylcholinesterase, and up-regulated expression of TNF-α receptor-1 (TNFR1). In addition, inhibited catalase activity, down-regulated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppressed acetylcholine receptor expression were observed. Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-α and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression. In conclusion, the biochemical and histopathological findings of this study revealed the protective mechanisms of lipoic acid and pentoxifylline against nandrolone-induced behavioral changes and neurotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha A E Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sally A El-Awdan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Kurt BZ, Gazioglu I, Sonmez F, Kucukislamoglu M. Synthesis, antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel coumarylthiazole derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2015; 59:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-arylethenylquinoline derivatives as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:349-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Wang L, Wei XJ, Jia WL, Zhong JJ, Wu LZ, Liu Q. Visible-Light-Driven Difluoroacetamidation of Unactive Arenes and Heteroarenes by Direct C–H Functionalization at Room Temperature. Org Lett 2014; 16:5842-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502676y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Liang Jia
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ji Zhong
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key
Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials,
Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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