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Zhang S, Yu H, Sun S, Fan X, Bi W, Li S, Wang W, Fang Z, Chen X. Copper Homeostasis Based on Cuproptosis-Related Signature Optimizes Molecular Subtyping and Treatment of Glioma. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4962-4975. [PMID: 38151613 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential in living organisms and crucial to various physiological processes. Normal physiological conditions are in a state of copper homeostasis to ensure normal biochemical and metabolic processes. Dysregulation of copper homeostasis has been associated with multiple diseases, especially cancer. Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent cell death mediated by excess copper or homeostasis dysregulation. Elesclomol is a common inducer of cuproptosis, carrying copper into the cell and producing excess copper. Cuproptosis modulates tumor proliferation-related signaling pathways and is closely associated with remodeling the tumor microenvironment. In gliomas, the role of cuproptosis and copper homeostasis needs to be better characterized. This study systematically analyzed cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) and constructed a cuproptosis signature for gliomas. The signature closely links the subtypes and clinical features of glioma patients. The results showed a greater tendency toward dysregulation of copper homeostasis as the malignant grade of glioma patients increased. In addition, CRGs-signature effectively predicted the sensitivity of glioma cells to elesclomol and verified that elesclomol inhibited glioma mainly through inducing cellular cuproptosis. In summary, we found different copper homeostatic features in gliomas and verified the anticancer mechanism of elesclomol, which provides a theoretical basis for developing novel therapeutic strategies for gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Huihan Yu
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Suling Sun
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqing Fan
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), No. 17, Lu Jiang Road, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Wenxu Bi
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Shuyang Li
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, No. 81, Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiyou Fang
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Xueran Chen
- Hefei Cancer Hospital of CAS; Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), No. 350, Shushan Hu Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China.
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 96, Jin Zhai Road, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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Liang Q, Gao S, Hao W, Zhang G. Palladium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Carbonylation of Halides to Acylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8537-8545. [PMID: 38861493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The current methods for synthesizing acylhydrazones are limited by their multistep processes, narrow substrate scope, low selectivities, and poor yields. Herein, a fundamentally novel approach to bioactive acylhydrazones was developed based on the palladium-catalyzed multicomponent tandem condensation carbonylation of halides with aldehydes and hydrazines. This method provides a useful and efficient strategy for generating grams of various acylhydrazones in a one-pot manner. Mechanistic studies provided evidence of facile carbonylation of halides with the weak nucleophile hydrazones facilitated by a base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wentao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Tarin M, Babaei M, Eshghi H, Matin MM, Saljooghi AS. Targeted delivery of elesclomol using a magnetic mesoporous platform improves prostate cancer treatment both in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2024; 270:125539. [PMID: 38141466 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To improve the anticancer properties of elesclomol (ELC), targeted theranostic nanoparticles (NPs; APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC) were designed to increase the selectivity of the drug delivery system (DDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS ELC was synthesized and entrapped in the open porous structure of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMNPs). The pore entrance of MMNPs was then blocked using gold gatekeepers. Finally, the external surfaces of the particles were grafted with functional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and EpCAM aptamer to generate biocompatible and targeted NPs. In the next step, the physicochemical properties of prepared NPs were fully evaluated and their anticancer potential was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The targeted NPs were successfully synthesized with a final size diameter of 81.13 ± 7.41 nm. The results indicated a pH-dependent release pattern, which sustained for 72 h despite an initial rapid release. Upon exposure to APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC, higher cytotoxicity was observed in human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) as compared with control Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, indicating higher specificity of targeted NPs against EpCAM-positive cancerous cells. Moreover, APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC could induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells. In vivo results on a PC-3 xenograft tumor model demonstrated that targeted NPs could significantly inhibit tumor growth and diminish severe side effects of ELC, compared to the free drug. CONCLUSION Collectively, APT-PEG-Au-MMNPs@ELC could be considered a promising theranostic platform for the targeted delivery of ELC to improve its therapeutic effects in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amir Sh Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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4
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Yu Y, Liu S, Yang L, Song P, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan X, Dong Q. Roles of reactive oxygen species in inflammation and cancer. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e519. [PMID: 38576456 PMCID: PMC10993368 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) constitute a spectrum of oxygenic metabolites crucial in modulating pathological organism functions. Disruptions in ROS equilibrium span various diseases, and current insights suggest a dual role for ROS in tumorigenesis and the immune response within cancer. This review rigorously examines ROS production and its role in normal cells, elucidating the subsequent regulatory network in inflammation and cancer. Comprehensive synthesis details the documented impacts of ROS on diverse immune cells. Exploring the intricate relationship between ROS and cancer immunity, we highlight its influence on existing immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptors, and cancer vaccines. Additionally, we underscore the promising prospects of utilizing ROS and targeting ROS modulators as novel immunotherapeutic interventions for cancer. This review discusses the complex interplay between ROS, inflammation, and tumorigenesis, emphasizing the multifaceted functions of ROS in both physiological and pathological conditions. It also underscores the potential implications of ROS in cancer immunotherapy and suggests future research directions, including the development of targeted therapies and precision oncology approaches. In summary, this review emphasizes the significance of understanding ROS-mediated mechanisms for advancing cancer therapy and developing personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Yu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shengzhuo Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Luchen Yang
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Pan Song
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenghuan Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of UrologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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5
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Scutigliani EM, van Hattum J, Lobo-Cerna F, Kruyswijk J, Myrcha M, Dekkers FEGA, Hoebe RA, Edwards F, Oppelaar JJ, Vogt L, Bootsma S, Bijlsma MF, Picavet DI, Crezee J, Oddens JR, de Reijke TM, Krawczyk PM. Perturbation of Copper Homeostasis Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Elevated Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:423. [PMID: 38203594 PMCID: PMC10779418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporary elevation of tumor temperature, also known as hyperthermia, is a safe and well-tolerated treatment modality. The efficacy of hyperthermia can be improved by efficient thermosensitizers, and various candidate drugs, including inhibitors of the heat stress response, have been explored in vitro and in animal models, but clinically relevant thermosensitizers are lacking. Here, we employ unbiased in silico approaches to uncover new mechanisms and compounds that could be leveraged to increase the thermosensitivity of cancer cells. We then focus on elesclomol, a well-performing compound, which amplifies cell killing by hyperthermia by 5- to 20-fold in cell lines and outperforms clinically applied chemotherapy when combined with hyperthermia in vitro. Surprisingly, our findings suggest that the thermosensitizing effects of elesclomol are independent of its previously reported modes of action but depend on copper shuttling. Importantly, we show that, like elesclomol, multiple other copper shuttlers can thermosensitize, suggesting that disturbing copper homeostasis could be a general strategy for improving the efficacy of hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo M. Scutigliani
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Jons van Hattum
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Lobo-Cerna
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Joanne Kruyswijk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Maja Myrcha
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Frederique E. G. A. Dekkers
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
| | - Finn Edwards
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
| | - Jetta J. Oppelaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.J.O.); (L.V.)
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.J.O.); (L.V.)
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Bootsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (M.F.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten F. Bijlsma
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.B.); (M.F.B.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Jaarbeursplein 6, 3521 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy I. Picavet
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorg R. Oddens
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. de Reijke
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M. Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.M.S.); (F.L.-C.); (J.K.); (M.M.); (F.E.G.A.D.); (F.E.); (D.I.P.)
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Treatment and Quality of Life, Cancer Biology and Immunology, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.v.H.); (J.C.); (J.R.O.); (T.M.d.R.)
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Conforti RA, Delsouc MB, Zorychta E, Telleria CM, Casais M. Copper in Gynecological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17578. [PMID: 38139406 PMCID: PMC10743751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for the correct development of eukaryotic organisms. This metal plays a key role in many cellular and physiological activities, including enzymatic activity, oxygen transport, and cell signaling. Although the redox activity of Cu is crucial for enzymatic reactions, this property also makes it potentially toxic when found at high levels. Due to this dual action of Cu, highly regulated mechanisms are necessary to prevent both the deficiency and the accumulation of this metal since its dyshomeostasis may favor the development of multiple diseases, such as Menkes' and Wilson's diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. As the relationship between Cu and cancer has been the most studied, we analyze how this metal can affect three fundamental processes for tumor progression: cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Gynecological diseases are characterized by high prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, depending on the case, and mainly include benign and malignant tumors. The cellular processes that promote their progression are affected by Cu, and the mechanisms that occur may be similar. We analyze the crosstalk between Cu deregulation and gynecological diseases, focusing on therapeutic strategies derived from this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío A. Conforti
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - María B. Delsouc
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
| | - Edith Zorychta
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Carlos M. Telleria
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marilina Casais
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL-CONICET), San Luis CP D5700HHW, Argentina; (R.A.C.); (M.B.D.)
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7
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Gao J, Wu X, Huang S, Zhao Z, He W, Song M. Novel insights into anticancer mechanisms of elesclomol: More than a prooxidant drug. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102891. [PMID: 37734229 PMCID: PMC10518591 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As an essential micronutrient for humans, the metabolism of copper is fine-tuned by evolutionarily conserved homeostatic mechanisms. Copper toxicity occurs when its concentration exceeds a certain threshold, which has been exploited in the development of copper ionophores, such as elesclomol, for anticancer treatment. Elesclomol has garnered recognition as a potent anticancer drug and has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials. However, the mechanisms underlying elesclomol-induced cell death remain obscure. The discovery of cuproptosis, a novel form of cell death triggered by the targeted accumulation of copper in mitochondria, redefines the significance of elesclomol in cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of copper homeostasis and its associated pathological disorders, especially copper metabolism in carcinogenesis. We summarize our current knowledge of the tumor suppressive mechanisms of elesclomol, with emphasis on cuproptosis. Finally, we discuss the strategies that may contribute to better application of elesclomol in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Shuting Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Weiling He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China.
| | - Mei Song
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China.
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8
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Wang W, Mo W, Hang Z, Huang Y, Yi H, Sun Z, Lei A. Cuproptosis: Harnessing Transition Metal for Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:19581-19599. [PMID: 37820312 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal elements, such as copper, play diverse and pivotal roles in oncology. They act as constituents of metalloenzymes involved in cellular metabolism, function as signaling molecules to regulate the proliferation and metastasis of tumors, and are integral components of metal-based anticancer drugs. Notably, recent research reveals that excessive copper can also modulate the occurrence of programmed cell death (PCD), known as cuprotosis, in cancer cells. This modulation occurs through the disruption of tumor cell metabolism and the induction of proteotoxic stress. This discovery uncovers a mode of interaction between transition metals and proteins, emphasizing the intricate link between copper homeostasis and tumor metabolism. Moreover, they provide innovative therapeutic strategies for the precise diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. At the crossroads of chemistry and oncology, we undertake a comprehensive review of copper homeostasis in tumors, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning cuproptosis. Additionally, we summarize current nanotherapeutic approaches that target cuproptosis and provide an overview of the available laboratory and clinical methods for monitoring this process. In the context of emerging concepts, challenges, and opportunities, we emphasize the significant potential of nanotechnology in the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zishan Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yueying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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9
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Tarin M, Babaie M, Eshghi H, Matin MM, Saljooghi AS. Elesclomol, a copper-transporting therapeutic agent targeting mitochondria: from discovery to its novel applications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:745. [PMID: 37864163 PMCID: PMC10589935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element that is involved in a variety of biochemical processes. Both deficiency and accumulation of Cu are associated with various diseases; and a high amount of accumulated Cu in cells can be fatal. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and cuproptosis are among the proposed mechanisms of copper toxicity at high concentrations. Elesclomol (ELC) is a mitochondrion-targeting agent discovered for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of this drug, its mechanisms of action, and the current status of its applications in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other copper-associated disorders. We also provide some detailed information about future directions to improve its clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sh. Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Guo J, Sun Y, Liu G. The mechanism of copper transporters in ovarian cancer cells and the prospect of cuproptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112324. [PMID: 37481825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper transporters can not only carry copper (Cu) to maintain the homeostasis of Cu in cells but also transport platinum-based chemotherapy drugs. The effect of copper transporters on chemosensitivity has been demonstrated in a variety of malignancies. In addition, recent studies have reported that copper transporters can act as vectors to induce cuproptosis. Therefore, copper transporters can act on cells through different mechanisms to achieve different purposes. This review mainly describes the current research progress of the intracellular transport mechanism of copper transporters and cuproptosis, and prospects for the application of them in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
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11
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Patinote C, Raevens S, Baumann A, Pellegrin E, Bonnet PA, Deleuze-Masquéfa C. [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]quinoxaline as Novel Scaffold in the Imiqualines Family: Candidates with Cytotoxic Activities on Melanoma Cell Lines. Molecules 2023; 28:5478. [PMID: 37513350 PMCID: PMC10384284 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers and is the deadliest form of skin cancer, essentially due to metastases. Novel therapies are always required, since cutaneous melanoma develop resistance to oncogenic pathway inhibition treatment. The Imiqualine family is composed of heterocycles diversely substituted around imidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxaline, and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline scaffolds, which display interesting activities on a panel of cancer cell lines, especially melanoma cell lines. We have designed and prepared novel compounds based on the [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline scaffold through a common synthetic route, using 1-chloro-2-hydrazinoquinoxaline and an appropriate aldehyde. Cyclization is ensured by an oxidation-reduction mechanism using chloranil. The substituents on positions 1 and 8 were chosen based on previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies conducted within our heterocyclic Imiqualine family. Physicochemical parameters of all compounds have also been predicted. A375 melanoma cell line viability has been evaluated for 16 compounds. Among them, three novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines display cytotoxic activities. Compounds 16a and 16b demonstrate relative activities in the micromolar range (respectively, 3158 nM and 3527 nM). Compound 17a shows the best EC50 of the novel series (365 nM), even if EAPB02303 remains the lead of the entire Imiqualine family (3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Patinote
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandy Raevens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Amélie Baumann
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Eloise Pellegrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bonnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Carine Deleuze-Masquéfa
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 F16, (CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier), 1919 Route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
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12
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Barqi MM, Abdellah IM, Eletmany MR, Ali NM, Elhenawy AA, Abd El Latif FM. Synthesis, Characterization, Bioactivity Screening and Computational Studies of Diphenyl−malonohydrazides and Pyridines Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mashael M. Barqi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Albaha University Albaha 65731 Saudi Arabia
| | - Islam M. Abdellah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Eletmany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science South Valley University Qena 83523 Egypt
- TECS Department, Wilson College of Textiles NC State University Raleigh 27606 USA
| | - Nada M. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Albaha University Albaha 65731 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Elhenawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Albaha University Albaha 65731 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Al-Azar University Cairo 11884 Egypt
| | - Fawy M. Abd El Latif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Albaha University Albaha 65731 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Aswan University Aswan 81528 Egypt
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13
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Ke C, Dai S, Xu F, Yuan J, Fan S, Chen Y, Yang L, Li Y. Cuproptosis regulatory genes greatly contribute to clinical assessments of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36611155 PMCID: PMC9824945 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common abdominal cancer with dissatisfactory therapeutic effects. The discovery of cuproptosis lights on new approach for cancer treatment and assessment. So far, there is extremely limited research investigating the roles of cuproptosis-related (CR) genes in cancers. METHODS A novel CR risk signature was constructed using the Lasso regression analysis. Its prognostic value was assessed via a series of survival analyses and validated in three GEO cohorts. The effects of CR risk signature on tumor immune microenvironment (TIM) were explored through CIBERSORT, ESTIMATE, and ssGSEA algorithms. Using GESA, we investigated its impacts on various metabolism process. The somatic mutation features of CR signature genes were also explored via cBioPortal database. Using tumor mutation burden, expressions of immune checkpoints, TIDE score, IMvigor 210 cohort, and GSE109211 dataset, we explored the potential associations of CR risk score with the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and sorafenib. Finally, the biofunctions of DLAT in HCC cells were ascertained through qPCR, immunohistochemistry, colony formation, and Transwell assays. RESULTS FDX1, DLAT, CDKN2A and GLS constituted the CR risk signature. CR risk signature possessed high prognostic value and was also applicable to three validation cohorts. Meanwhile, it could improve the accuracy and clinical making-decision benefit of traditional prognostic model. Moreover, high CR risk was indicative of unfavorable anti-tumor immune response and active metabolisms of glycolysis and nucleotide. As for therapeutic correlation, CR risk score was a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of ICIs and sorafenib. Through qPCR and immunohistochemistry detection in clinical samples, we reconfirmed DLAT was significantly upregulated in HCC samples. Overexpression of DLAT could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The novel CR risk signature greatly contributed to the clinical assessment of HCC. Cuproptosis regulatory gene DLAT possessed cancer-promoting capacities and was expected to be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Ke
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Shejiao Dai
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, West Five Road, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Fangshi Xu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Jia Yuan
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, West Five Road, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuting Fan
- grid.452672.00000 0004 1757 5804Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 157, West Five Road, Xi’an, 710004 Shaanxi China
| | - Yang Chen
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province China
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157, West Five Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China. .,Department of Outpatient, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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14
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Garza NM, Swaminathan AB, Maremanda KP, Zulkifli M, Gohil VM. Mitochondrial copper in human genetic disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:21-33. [PMID: 36435678 PMCID: PMC9780195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that serves as a cofactor for enzymes involved in diverse physiological processes, including mitochondrial energy generation. Copper enters cells through a dedicated copper transporter and is distributed to intracellular cuproenzymes by copper chaperones. Mitochondria are critical copper-utilizing organelles that harbor an essential cuproenzyme cytochrome c oxidase, which powers energy production. Mutations in copper transporters and chaperones that perturb mitochondrial copper homeostasis result in fatal genetic disorders. Recent studies have uncovered the therapeutic potential of elesclomol, a copper ionophore, for the treatment of copper deficiency disorders such as Menkes disease. Here we review the role of copper in mitochondrial energy metabolism in the context of human diseases and highlight the recent developments in copper therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Garza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Abhinav B Swaminathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Krishna P Maremanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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15
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Zheng P, Zhou C, Lu L, Liu B, Ding Y. Elesclomol: a copper ionophore targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:271. [PMID: 36089608 PMCID: PMC9465867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elesclomol is an anticancer drug that targets mitochondrial metabolism. In the past, elesclomol was recognized as an inducer of oxidative stress, but now it has also been found to suppress cancer by inducing cuproptosis. Elesclomol’s anticancer activity is determined by the dependence of cancer on mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial metabolism of cancer stem cells, cancer cells resistant to platinum drugs, proteasome inhibitors, molecularly targeted drugs, and cancer cells with inhibited glycolysis was significantly enhanced. Elesclomol exhibited tremendous toxicity to all three kinds of cells. Elesclomol's toxicity to cells is highly dependent on its transport of extracellular copper ions, a process involved in cuproptosis. The discovery of cuproptosis has perfected the specific cancer suppressor mechanism of elesclomol. For some time, elesclomol failed to yield favorable results in oncology clinical trials, but its safety in clinical application was confirmed. Research progress on the relationship between elesclomol, mitochondrial metabolism and cuproptosis provides a possibility to explore the reapplication of elesclomol in the clinic. New clinical trials should selectively target cancer types with high mitochondrial metabolism and attempt to combine elesclomol with platinum, proteasome inhibitors, molecularly targeted drugs, or glycolysis inhibitors. Herein, the particular anticancer mechanism of elesclomol and its relationship with mitochondrial metabolism and cuproptosis will be presented, which may shed light on the better application of elesclomol in clinical tumor treatment.
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16
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Hughes R, Elliott RJR, Li X, Munro AF, Makda A, Carter RN, Morton NM, Fujihara K, Clemons NJ, Fitzgerald R, O’Neill JR, Hupp T, Carragher NO. Multiparametric High-Content Cell Painting Identifies Copper Ionophores as Selective Modulators of Esophageal Cancer Phenotypes. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1876-1889. [PMID: 35696676 PMCID: PMC9295120 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is of increasing global concern due to increasing incidence, a lack of effective treatments, and poor prognosis. Therapeutic target discovery and clinical trials have been hindered by the heterogeneity of the disease, the lack of "druggable" driver mutations, and the dominance of large-scale genomic rearrangements. We have previously undertaken a comprehensive small-molecule phenotypic screen using the high-content Cell Painting assay to quantify the morphological response to a total of 19,555 small molecules across a panel of genetically distinct human esophageal cell lines to identify new therapeutic targets and small molecules for the treatment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In this current study, we report for the first time the dose-response validation studies for the 72 screening hits from the target-annotated LOPAC and Prestwick FDA-approved compound libraries and the full list of 51 validated esophageal adenocarcinoma-selective small molecules (71% validation rate). We then focus on the most potent and selective hit molecules, elesclomol, disulfiram, and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate. Using a multipronged, multitechnology approach, we uncover a unified mechanism of action and a vulnerability in esophageal adenocarcinoma toward copper-dependent cell death that could be targeted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
E. Hughes
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Richard J. R. Elliott
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Xiaodun Li
- MRC
Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - Alison F. Munro
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Ashraff Makda
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Roderick N. Carter
- Centre
for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, U.K.
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholas M. Morton
- Centre
for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s
Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
| | - Kenji Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Clemons
- Gastrointestinal
Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne 3000, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter
MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fitzgerald
- Early
Cancer Institute, Hutchison Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, U.K.
| | - J. Robert O’Neill
- Cambridge
Oesophagogastric Centre, Cambridge University
Hospitals Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, U.K.
| | - Ted Hupp
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
| | - Neil O. Carragher
- Cancer
Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, U.K.
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17
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18
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Garza NM, Zulkifli M, Gohil VM. Elesclomol elevates cellular and mitochondrial iron levels by delivering copper to the iron import machinery. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102139. [PMID: 35714767 PMCID: PMC9270252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are redox-active metals that serve as cofactors for many essential cellular enzymes. Disruption in the intracellular homeostasis of these metals results in debilitating and frequently fatal human disorders, such as Menkes disease and Friedreich's ataxia. Recently, we reported that an investigational anticancer drug, elesclomol (ES), can deliver Cu to critical mitochondrial cuproenzymes and has the potential to be repurposed for treatment of Cu deficiency disorders. Here, we sought to determine the specificity of ES and the ES-Cu complex in delivering Cu to cuproenzymes in different intracellular compartments. Using a combination of yeast genetics, subcellular fractionation, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry-based metal measurements, we showed that ES and ES-Cu treatment results in an increase in cellular and mitochondrial Fe content, along with the expected increase in Cu. Utilizing yeast mutants of Cu and Fe transporters, we demonstrate that ES-based elevation in cellular Fe levels is independent of the major cellular Cu importer, but is dependent on the Fe importer Ftr1 and its partner Fet3, a multicopper-oxidase. As Fet3 is metallated in the Golgi lumen, we sought to uncover the mechanism by which Fet3 receives Cu from ES. Using yeast knockouts of genes involved in Cu delivery to Fet3, we determined that ES can bypass Atx1, a metallochaperone involved in Cu delivery to the Golgi membrane Cu pump, Ccc2, but not Ccc2 itself. Taken together, our study provides a mechanism by which ES distributes Cu in cells and impacts cellular and mitochondrial Fe homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie M Garza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Mohammad Zulkifli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, MS 3474, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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19
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Babak MV, Ahn D. Modulation of Intracellular Copper Levels as the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Copper Complexes: Clinical Relevance. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080852. [PMID: 34440056 PMCID: PMC8389626 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital element required for cellular growth and development; however, even slight changes in its homeostasis might lead to severe toxicity and deleterious medical conditions. Cancer patients are typically associated with higher Cu content in serum and tumor tissues, indicating increased demand of cancer cells for this micronutrient. Cu is known to readily cycle between the +1 and +2 oxidation state in biological systems. The mechanism of action of Cu complexes is typically based on their redox activity and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to deadly oxidative stress. However, there are a number of other biomolecular mechanisms beyond ROS generation that contribute to the activity of anticancer Cu drug candidates. In this review, we discuss how interfering with intracellular Cu balance via either diet modification or addition of inorganic Cu supplements or Cu-modulating compounds affects tumor development, progression, and sensitivity to treatment modalities. We aim to provide the rationale for the use of Cu-depleting and Cu-overloading conditions to generate the best possible patient outcome with minimal toxicity. We also discuss the advantages of the use of pre-formed Cu complexes, such as Cu-(bis)thiosemicarbazones or Cu-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, in comparison with the in situ formed Cu complexes with metal-binding ligands. In this review, we summarize available clinical and mechanistic data on clinically relevant anticancer drug candidates, including Cu supplements, Cu chelators, Cu ionophores, and Cu complexes.
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20
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Buccarelli M, D'Alessandris QG, Matarrese P, Mollinari C, Signore M, Cappannini A, Martini M, D'Aliberti P, De Luca G, Pedini F, Boe A, Biffoni M, Pallini R, Ricci-Vitiani L. Elesclomol-induced increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species impairs glioblastoma stem-like cell survival and tumor growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:228. [PMID: 34253243 PMCID: PMC8273992 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis mainly due to recurrence and therapeutic resistance. It has been widely demonstrated that glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells endowed with stem-like properties is responsible for tumor maintenance and progression. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that GSCs contribute to GBM-associated neovascularization processes, through different mechanisms including the transdifferentiation into GSC-derived endothelial cells (GdECs). Methods In order to identify druggable cancer-related pathways in GBM, we assessed the effect of a selection of 349 compounds on both GSCs and GdECs and we selected elesclomol (STA-4783) as the most effective agent in inducing cell death on both GSC and GdEC lines tested. Results Elesclomol has been already described to be a potent oxidative stress inducer. In depth investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying GSC and GdEC response to elesclomol, confirmed that this compound induces a strong increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both GSCs and GdECs ultimately leading to a non-apoptotic copper-dependent cell death. Moreover, combined in vitro treatment with elesclomol and the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) enhanced the cytotoxicity compared to TMZ alone. Finally, we used our experimental model of mouse brain xenografts to test the combination of elesclomol and TMZ and confirmed their efficacy in vivo. Conclusions Our results support further evaluation of therapeutics targeting oxidative stress such as elesclomol with the aim of satisfying the high unmet medical need in the management of GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02031-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buccarelli
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Quintino Giorgio D'Alessandris
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mollinari
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Martini
- Institute of Pathology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi D'Aliberti
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele De Luca
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boe
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Institute of Neurosurgery, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Soczewka P, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, di Rago JP, Zoladek T, Kaminska J. Targeting Copper Homeostasis Improves Functioning of vps13Δ Yeast Mutant Cells, a Model of VPS13-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2248. [PMID: 33668157 PMCID: PMC7956333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion homeostasis is crucial for organism functioning, and its alterations may cause diseases. For example, copper insufficiency and overload are associated with Menkes and Wilson's diseases, respectively, and iron imbalance is observed in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. To better understand human diseases, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast are used as a model organism. In our studies, we used the vps13Δ yeast strain as a model of rare neurological diseases caused by mutations in VPS13A-D genes. In this work, we show that overexpression of genes encoding copper transporters, CTR1, CTR3, and CCC2, or the addition of copper salt to the medium, improved functioning of the vps13Δ mutant. We show that their mechanism of action, at least partially, depends on increasing iron content in the cells by the copper-dependent iron uptake system. Finally, we present that treatment with copper ionophores, disulfiram, elesclomol, and sodium pyrithione, also resulted in alleviation of the defects observed in vps13Δ cells. Our study points at copper and iron homeostasis as a potential therapeutic target for further investigation in higher eukaryotic models of VPS13-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Soczewka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Déborah Tribouillard-Tanvier
- IBGC, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), F-33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Paul di Rago
- IBGC, UMR 5095, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; (D.T.-T.); (J.-P.d.R.)
| | - Teresa Zoladek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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22
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Gohil VM. Repurposing elesclomol, an investigational drug for the treatment of copper metabolism disorders. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 30:1-4. [PMID: 33081534 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1840550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal M Gohil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, USA
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23
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Targeted apoptosis of myofibroblasts by elesclomol inhibits hypertrophic scar formation. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102715. [PMID: 32251998 PMCID: PMC7132150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic scar (HS) is characterized by the increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts, the main effector cells for dermal fibrosis, develop from normal fibroblasts. Thus, the stimulation of myofibroblast apoptosis is a possible treatment for HS. We aimed to explore that whether over-activated myofibroblasts can be targeted for apoptosis by anticancer drug elesclomol. Methods 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, flow cytometry, western blotting, collagen gel contraction and immunofluorescence assays were applied to demonstrate the proapoptotic effect of elesclomol in scar derived myofibroblasts and TGF-β1 induced myofibroblasts. The therapeutic potential of elesclomol was investigated by establishing rabbit ear hypertrophic scar models. Findings Both 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and flow cytometry indicated that elesclomol targets myofibroblasts in vitro. Collagen gel contraction assay showed that elesclomol inhibited myofibroblast contractility. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that elesclomol resulted in excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), and caspase-3 and cytochrome c proteins. Moreover, compared with the control group, the elesclomol group had a significantly lower scar elevation index in vivo. Immunofluorescence assays for TUNEL and α-smooth muscle actin indicated that elesclomol treatment increased the number of apoptotic myofibroblasts. Interpretation The above results indicate that elesclomol exerted a significant inhibitory effect on HS formation via targeted myofibroblast apoptosis associated with increased oxidative stress. Thus, elesclomol is a promising candidate drug for the treatment of myofibroblast-related diseases such as HS.
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The Anticancer Agent Elesclomol Has Direct Effects on Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Function in Isolated Mammalian Mitochondria. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080298. [PMID: 31344923 PMCID: PMC6724019 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elesclomol ((N-malonyl-bis(N′-methyl-N′-thiobenzoylhydrazide)); formerly STA-4783) is a mitochondria-targeted chemotherapeutic agent that has demonstrated efficacy in selective cancer cell killing in pre-clinical and clinical testing. The biologically active form of elesclomol is a deprotonated copper chelate (elesclomol:copper; E:C), which has been shown to enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce a transcriptional gene profile characteristic of an oxidative stress response in vitro. Previous studies suggest that E:C interacts with the electron transport chain (ETC) to generate high levels of ROS within the organelle and ultimately induce cell death. The purpose of this study was to further explore the mechanism of cellular and mitochondrial toxicity of E:C by examining its direct effect on mitochondrial bioenergetic function. The results obtained indicate that E:C treatment in whole cells of non-tumorigenic origin at high concentrations (40 μM and higher) induces a rapid and substantial increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, similar higher concentrations of E:C act as a direct uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and generalized inhibitor of electron transport activity in isolated, intact mitochondria, and induce a dose-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity in freeze-thawed mitochondrial preparations. The results of this study are important in that they are the first to demonstrate a direct effect of the E:C chelate on bioenergetic function in isolated mammalian mitochondria, and suggest the possibility that the increase in ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by E:C may in part be due to uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and/or inhibition of electron transport activity. These results also provide important information about the mechanisms of mitochondrial and cellular toxicity induced by E:C and will ultimately contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic potential of elesclomol as an anticancer compound.
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25
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Helsel ME, Franz KJ. Pharmacological activity of metal binding agents that alter copper bioavailability. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8760-70. [PMID: 25797044 PMCID: PMC4425619 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Iron, copper and zinc are required nutrients for many organisms but also potent toxins if misappropriated. An overload of any of these metals can be cytotoxic and ultimately lead to organ failure, whereas deficiencies can result in anemia, weakened immune system function, and other medical conditions. Cellular metal imbalances have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infection. It is therefore critical for living organisms to maintain careful control of both the total levels and subcellular distributions of these metals to maintain healthy function. This perspective explores several strategies envisioned to alter the bioavailability of metal ions by using synthetic metal-binding agents targeted for diseases where misappropriated metal ions are suspected of exacerbating cellular damage. Specifically, we discuss chemical properties that influence the pharmacological outcome of a subset of metal-binding agents known as ionophores, and review several examples that have shown multiple pharmacological activities in metal-related diseases, with a specific focus on copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian E Helsel
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, French Family Science Center, 124 Science Drive, 22708, Durham, NC, USA.
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26
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Zhang L, Ren Z, Lu A, Zhao Z, Xu W, Bao Q, Ding W, Yang C. Synthesis, biological activity and 3D-QSAR study of novel pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives containing N-substituted phenylhydrazine moiety. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Hasinoff BB, Wu X, Yadav AA, Patel D, Zhang H, Wang DS, Chen ZS, Yalowich JC. Cellular mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug elesclomol and its complex with Cu(II). Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:266-76. [PMID: 25550273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potent anticancer drug elesclomol, which forms an extremely strong complex with copper, is currently undergoing clinical trials. However, its mechanism of action is not well understood. Treatment of human erythroleukemic K562 cells with either elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol caused an immediate halt in cell growth which was followed by a loss of cell viability after several hours. Treatment of K562 cells also resulted in induction of apoptosis as measured by annexin V binding. Elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol treatment caused a G1 cell cycle block in synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells. Elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol induced DNA double strand breaks in K562 cells, suggesting that they may also have exerted their cytotoxicity by damaging DNA. Cu(II)-elesclomol also weakly inhibited DNA topoisomerase I (5.99.1.2) but was not active against DNA topoisomerase IIα (5.99.1.3). Elesclomol or Cu(II)-elesclomol treatment had little effect on the mitochondrial membrane potential of viable K562 cells. NCI COMPARE analysis showed that Cu(II)-elesclomol exerted its cytotoxicity by mechanisms similar to other cytotoxic copper chelating compounds. Experiments with cross-resistant cell lines overexpressing several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type efflux transporters showed that neither elesclomol nor Cu(II)-elesclomol were cross-resistant to cells overexpressing either ABCB1 (Pgp) or ABCG2 (BCRP), but that cells overexpressing ABCC1 (MRP1) were slightly cross-resistant. In conclusion, these results showed that elesclomol caused a rapid halt in cell growth, induced apoptosis, and may also have inhibited cell growth, in part, through its ability to damage DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Hasinoff
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5.
| | - Xing Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Arun A Yadav
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Daywin Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3E 0T5
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA; Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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28
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The cytotoxicity of the anticancer drug elesclomol is due to oxidative stress indirectly mediated through its complex with Cu(II). J Inorg Biochem 2014; 137:22-30. [PMID: 24798374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elesclomol is an anticancer drug that is currently undergoing clinical trials. Elesclomol forms a strong 1:1 complex with Cu(II) and may exert its anticancer activity through the induction of oxidative stress and/or its ability to transport copper into the cell. A UV-vis spectrophotometric titration showed that Cu(I) also formed a 1:1 complex with elesclomol. Ascorbic acid, but not glutathione or NADH, potently reduced the Cu(II)-elesclomol complex to produce hydrogen peroxide. Even though hydrogen peroxide mediated reoxidation of the copper(I) produced by ascorbic acid reduction has the potential to lead to hydroxyl radical formation, electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments, either with or without added hydrogen peroxide, showed that the ascorbic acid-reduced Cu(II)-elesclomol complex could not directly generate damaging hydroxyl radicals. Both Cu(II)-elesclomol and elesclomol potently oxidized dichlorofluorescin in K562 cells. The highly specific copper chelators tetrathiomolybdate and triethylenetetramine were found to greatly reduce the cytotoxicity of both elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol complex towards erythroleukemic K562 cells, consistent with a role for copper in the cytotoxicity of elesclomol. The superoxide dismutating activity of Cu(II)-elesclomol was much lower than that of Cu(II). Depletion of glutathione levels in K562 cells by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine sensitized cells to both elesclomol and Cu(II)-elesclomol. In conclusion, these results showed that elesclomol indirectly inhibited cancer cell growth through Cu(II)-mediated oxidative stress.
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29
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Vo NH, Xia Z, Hanko J, Yun T, Bloom S, Shen J, Koya K, Sun L, Chen S. Synthesis, crystallographic characterization and electrochemical property of a copper(II) complex of the anticancer agent elesclomol. J Inorg Biochem 2013; 130:69-73. [PMID: 24176921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elesclomol is a novel anticancer agent that has been evaluated in a number of late stage clinical trials. A new and convenient synthesis of elesclomol and its copper complex is described. X-ray crystallographic characterization and the electrochemical properties of the elesclomol copper(II) complex are discussed. The copper(II) cation is coordinated in a highly distorted square-planar geometry to each of the sulphur and amide nitrogen atoms of elesclomol. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the complex undergoes a reversible one-electron reduction at biologically accessible potentials. In contrast the free elesclomol is found electrochemically inactive. This evidence is in strong support of the mechanism of action we proposed for the anticancer activity of elesclomol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nha Huu Vo
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp., 45 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
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