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Rashid M, Khalid M, Ashraf A, Saleem T, Shafiq I, Shakil MA, Zainab B, El-Kott AF, Yaqub M, Shafiq Z. Multicomponent synthesis of pyrido[2,3- b]pyrazine derivatives: electrochemical DNA sensing, nonlinear optical properties and biological activity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32160-32174. [PMID: 37920758 PMCID: PMC10619479 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05365b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We synthesized novel pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds (4-7) and their chemical structures were ascertained by spectral techniques (NMR, FT-IR). Besides experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) computations with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory were executed to obtain spectroscopic and electronic properties. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV-visible, vibrational analysis, natural bond orbitals (NBOs), transition density matrix (TDM) and density of states (DOS) analyses of molecules (4-7) were accomplished at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level. Global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were correlated with the band gap (Egap) values; compound 7 with lower Egap (3.444 eV), exhibited smaller value of hardness (1.722 eV) with greater softness value (0.290 eV-1). The dipole moment (μ), average polarizability 〈α〉, first (βtot) and second 〈γ〉 hyper-polarizabilities were calculated for compounds (4-7). Compound 7 showed less Egap, highest absorption wavelength and remarkable NLO response. The highest 〈α〉, βtot and 〈γ〉 values for compound 7 were observed as 3.90 × 10-23, 15.6 × 10-30 and 6.63 × 10-35 esu, respectively. High NLO response revealed that pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds had very remarkable contributions towards NLO technological applications. Further compounds (4-7) are utilized for the first time in electrochemical sensing of DNA, in vitro antioxidant and antiurease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rashid
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Abida Ashraf
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Graduate College Shah Rukne-Alam Multan Pakistan
| | - Tahira Saleem
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azeem Shakil
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Briha Zainab
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, Damanhour University Egypt
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60800 Pakistan +92-3006559811
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Hou W, Dai W, Huang H, Liu SL, Liu J, Huang LJ, Huang XH, Zeng JL, Gan ZW, Zhang ZY, Lan JX. Pharmacological activity and mechanism of pyrazines. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115544. [PMID: 37300915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterocycles are common in the structure of drugs used clinically to deal with diseases. Such drugs usually contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, which possess electron-accepting capacity and can form hydrogen bonds. These properties often bring enhanced target binding ability to these compounds when compared to alkanes. Pyrazine is a nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic ring and many of its derivatives are identified as bioactive molecules. We review here the most active pyrazine compounds in terms of their structure, activity in vitro and in vivo (mainly antitumor activity) and the reported mechanisms of action. References have been downloaded through Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and SciFinder Scholar. Publications reporting only the chemistry of pyrazine derivatives are beyond the scope of this review and have not been included. We found that compounds in which a pyrazine ring was fused into other heterocycles especially pyrrole or imidazole were the highly studied pyrazine derivatives, whose antineoplastic activity had been widely investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of pyrazine derivatives and their bioactivity, especially their antitumor activity. This review should be useful for those engaged in development of medications based on heterocyclic compounds especially those based on pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Wei Dai
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Le-Jun Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Xian-Hua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jun-Lin Zeng
- HuanKui Academy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wei Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China
| | - Jin-Xia Lan
- College of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, PR China.
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Niaz L, Saddique FA, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Mohsin NUA. Recent synthetic methodologies for pyridopyrazines: An update. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1786123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liaba Niaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Liu JC, Narva S, Zhou K, Zhang W. A Review on the Antitumor Activity of Various Nitrogenous-based Heterocyclic Compounds as NSCLC Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1517-1530. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312152358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cancers have been causing deadly fears to humans and previously unpredictable
losses to health. Especially, lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality
accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer cases worldwide. While Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas
(NSCLCs) makes up to 80% of lung cancer cases. The patient compliance has been weakening
because of serious drug resistance and adverse drug effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the
development of novel structural agents to inhibit NSCLCs. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds
exhibit wide range of biological properties, especially antitumor activity. We reviewed some
deadly defects of clinical medicines for the lung cancer therapy and importance of nitrogen based heterocyclic
derivatives against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antitumor activity
against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocyclic hybrids could be developed as multi-target-directed NSCLC
inhibitors and it is believed that the review is significant for rational designs and new ideas in the development
of nitrogen heterocyclic-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Suresh Narva
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Hameed A, Zehra ST, Shah SJA, Khan KM, Alharthy RD, Furtmann N, Bajorath J, Tahir MN, Iqbal J. Syntheses, Cholinesterases Inhibition, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrido[2,3-b
]pyrazine Derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1115-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hameed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Syeda T. Zehra
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Syed J. A. Shah
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Khalid M. Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi; Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Rima D. Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Norbert Furtmann
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Dahlmann Str. 2 D-53113 Bonn Germany
- Pharmaceutical Institute; University of Bonn; An der Immenburg 4 D-53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität; Dahlmann Str. 2 D-53113 Bonn Germany
| | | | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
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