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Kolmer JA, Mirza JI, Imtiaz M, Shah SJA. Genetic Differentiation of the Wheat Leaf Rust Fungus Puccinia triticina in Pakistan and Genetic Relationship to Other Worldwide Populations. Phytopathology 2017; 107:786-790. [PMID: 28398164 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-16-0388-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Collections of Puccinia triticina, the wheat leaf rust pathogen, were obtained from Pakistan in 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2014. Collections were also obtained from Bhutan in 2013. Single uredinial isolates were derived and tested for virulence phenotype to 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes, and for molecular genotype with 23 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) primers. Twenty-four virulence phenotypes were described among the 89 isolates tested for virulence. None of the isolates had virulence to Thatcher lines with Lr9, Lr24, or Lr18. Virulence to most of the other Thatcher lines was over 50%. The two most common virulence phenotypes, FHPSQ and KHPQQ, had virulence to Lr16, Lr17, and Lr26. Twenty-seven SSR genotypes were found among the 38 isolates tested for molecular variation. The SSR genotypes had high levels of observed heterozygosity and significant correlation with virulence phenotype, which indicated clonal reproduction. Cluster analysis and principal component plots indicated three groups of SSR genotypes that also varied significantly for virulence. Isolates with MBDSS and MCDSS virulence phenotypes from Pakistan and Bhutan were highly related for SSR genotype and virulence to isolates from Turkey, Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, North America and South America, indicating the possible migration of the rust fungus between continental regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Kolmer
- First author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; second author: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Crop Disease Institute, Sunny Bank Muree, Pakistan; third author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CSI Building, NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; and fourth author: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, G. T. Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - J I Mirza
- First author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; second author: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Crop Disease Institute, Sunny Bank Muree, Pakistan; third author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CSI Building, NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; and fourth author: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, G. T. Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Imtiaz
- First author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; second author: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Crop Disease Institute, Sunny Bank Muree, Pakistan; third author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CSI Building, NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; and fourth author: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, G. T. Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S J A Shah
- First author: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; second author: Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Crop Disease Institute, Sunny Bank Muree, Pakistan; third author: International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, CSI Building, NARC, Park Road, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; and fourth author: Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Plant Protection Division, G. T. Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Sharma-Poudyal D, Chen XM, Wan AM, Zhan GM, Kang ZS, Cao SQ, Jin SL, Morgounov A, Akin B, Mert Z, Shah SJA, Bux H, Ashraf M, Sharma RC, Madariaga R, Puri KD, Wellings C, Xi KQ, Wanyera R, Manninger K, Ganzález MI, Koyda M, Sanin S, Patzek LJ. Virulence Characterization of International Collections of the Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis 2013; 97:379-386. [PMID: 30722363 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-12-0078-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust (yellow rust [Yr]), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is an economically important disease of wheat worldwide. Virulence information on P. striiformis f. sp. tritici populations is important to implement effective disease control with resistant cultivars. In total, 235 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from Algeria, Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Hungary, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and Uzbekistan were tested on 20 single Yr-gene lines and the 20 wheat genotypes that are used to differentiate P. striiformis f. sp. tritici races in the United States. The 235 isolates were identified as 129 virulence patterns on the single-gene lines and 169 virulence patterns on the U.S. differentials. Virulences to YrA, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr25, YrUkn, Yr28, Yr31, YrExp2, Lemhi (Yr21), Paha (YrPa1, YrPa2, YrPa3), Druchamp (Yr3a, YrD, YrDru), Produra (YrPr1, YrPr2), Stephens (Yr3a, YrS, YrSte), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, Yr23), Fielder (Yr6, Yr20), Tyee (YrTye), Tres (YrTr1, YrTr2), Express (YrExp1, YrExp2), Clement (Yr9, YrCle), and Compair (Yr8, Yr19) were detected in all countries. At least 80% of the isolates were virulent on YrA, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr17, YrUkn, Yr31, YrExp2, Yr21, Stephens (Yr3a, YrS, YrSte), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, Yr23), and Fielder (Yr6, Yr20). Virulences to Yr1, Yr9, Yr25, Yr27, Yr28, Heines VII (Yr2, YrHVII), Paha (YrPa1, YrPa2, YrPa3), Druchamp (Yr3a, YrD, YrDru), Produra (YrPr1, YrPr2), Yamhill (Yr2, Yr4a, YrYam), Tyee (YrTye), Tres (YrTr1, YrTr2), Hyak (Yr17, YrTye), Express (YrExp1, YrExp2), Clement (Yr9, YrCle), and Compair (Yr8, Yr19) were moderately frequent (>20 to <80%). Virulence to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, YrSP, and Moro (Yr10, YrMor) was low (≤20%). Virulence to Moro was absent in Algeria, Australia, Canada, Kenya, Russia, Spain, Turkey, and China, but 5% of the Chinese isolates were virulent to Yr10. None of the isolates from Algeria, Canada, China, Kenya, Russia, and Spain was virulent to Yr24; none of the isolates from Algeria, Australia, Canada, Nepal, Russia, and Spain was virulent to Yr32; none of the isolates from Australia, Canada, Chile, Hungary, Kenya, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, and Spain was virulent to YrSP; and none of the isolates from any country was virulent to Yr5 and Yr15. Although the frequencies of virulence factors were different, most of the P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from these countries shared common virulence factors. The virulences and their frequencies and distributions should be useful in breeding stripe-rust-resistant wheat cultivars and understanding the pathogen migration and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sharma-Poudyal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA 99164-6430
| | - X M Chen
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology, and Disease Research Unit and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - A M Wan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman
| | - G M Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Z S Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - S Q Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - S L Jin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - A Morgounov
- International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, (ICARDA-CIMMYT) Wheat Improvement Program, Ankara, Turkey
| | - B Akin
- International Winter Wheat Improvement Program, (ICARDA-CIMMYT) Wheat Improvement Program, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Mert
- Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S J A Shah
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - H Bux
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - M Ashraf
- NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R C Sharma
- ICARDA-Central Asia and the Caucasus Regional Program, 4564, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - R Madariaga
- National Institute of Agricultural Research, Chillan, Chile
| | - K D Puri
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108-6050
| | - C Wellings
- Plant Breeding Institute, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, Australia
| | - K Q Xi
- Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture and Food, Lacombe, Canada
| | - R Wanyera
- Kenyan Agricultural Research Institute, Njoro, Kenya
| | - K Manninger
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
| | | | - M Koyda
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - S Sanin
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Bolshie Vyazemy, Russia
| | - L J Patzek
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, NWREC, Mount Vernon
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