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Zhang W, Lahm GP, Pahutski TF, Hughes KA. Applying a Bioisosteric Replacement Strategy in the Discovery and Optimization of Mesoionic Pyrido[1,2- a]pyrimidinone Insecticides: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11056-11062. [PMID: 35394767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones are a unique class of heterocyclic compounds. Compounds from this class with a n-propyl group substituted at the 1 position of the mesoionic core were discovered with interesting insecticidal activity in our screen. In this overview, we showcase how a bioisosteric replacement strategy was applied during the discovery and optimization of this class of compounds. Through exploring various substituents at the 1 position, evaluating a variety of mesoionic bicyclic ring scaffolds, and examining substituents on the phenyl group at the 3 position of the mesoionic core as well as substituents on the mesoionic ring skeleton, many compounds were discovered with excellent hopper activity or potent activity against a wide range of Lepidoptera. Ultimately, dicloromezotiaz was identified for commercial development to control a broad spectrum of lepidopteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Stine Research Center, FMC Ag Solutions, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - George P Lahm
- Stine Research Center, FMC Ag Solutions, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Thomas F Pahutski
- Stine Research Center, FMC Ag Solutions, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
| | - Kenneth A Hughes
- Stine Research Center, FMC Ag Solutions, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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2
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Montgomery M, Rendine S, Zimmer CT, Elias J, Schaetzer J, Pitterna T, Benfatti F, Skaljac M, Bigot A. Structural Biology-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2297-2312. [PMID: 34986308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and safe insecticides remains an important need for a growing world population to protect crops and animal and human health. New chemotypes modulating the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been recently brought to the agricultural market, yet with limited understanding of their molecular interactions at their target receptor. Herein, we disclose the first crystal structures of these insecticides, namely, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, flupyrimin, and the experimental compound, dicloromezotiaz, in a double-mutated acetylcholine-binding protein which mimics the insect-ion-channel orthosteric site. Enabled by these findings, we discovered novel pharmacophores with a related mode of action, and we describe herein their design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Montgomery
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schaetzer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pitterna
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Skaljac
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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3
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Fang Z, Gillatt RZ, Slawin AMZ, Cordes DB, Carpenter-Warren CL, O'Hagan D. Unexpected α,α'-difluoroethers from Ag(i)F and N-bromosuccinimide reactions of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14295-14298. [PMID: 31712787 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An unexpected and highly efficient reaction of dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene with Ag(i)F and N-bromosuccinamide in dichloromethane results in a sequential ring contraction pathway to generate bridged bicyclic α,α'-difluoroether isomers 10 and 11 where the ether oxygen is isotopically labelled from oxygen-18 water. In diethyl ether the same reaction generates the more classical vicinal difluoride isomers 13 and 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Fang
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, KY15 5EA, UK.
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Urut GO, Aydin S, Topkaya D, Sahin E, Alp S. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Polymerization Abilities of Blue and Green Light Emitting Oxazol-5-one Fluorophores. J Fluoresc 2018; 28:735-741. [PMID: 29785623 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-018-2234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New fluorescent thiophenyl group containing oxazol-5-one fluorophores of 3a (4-(3-thiophenylmethylene)-2-phenyloxazol-5-one), 3b (4-(3-thiophenylmethylene)-2-(4-tolyl)oxazol-5-one) and 3c (4-(3-thiophenylmethylene)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)oxazol-5-one) were synthesized and characterized. The newly synthesized oxazol-5-ones absorption and fluorescence characteristics were studied in some solvents of varying polarities. The heterocyclic chromophores were fluorescent, with two of them, 3a and 3b, emitting blue light, whilst the other one, 3c, emitting green light. The emission maxima of the derivatives varied between 415 and 572 nm according as the extent of conjugation and solvent polarity. As solvent polarity increased, 3c derivatives emission spectra displayed a large bathochromic shift, which revealed the considerable change of the dipole moment of the fluorescent structure because of an intramolecular charge transfer interaction. Furthermore, oxazolones polymerization ability via the thiophenyl group linked to the oxazol-5-one heterocycle showed that copolymerization of 3a was achieved, but homopolymerization was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsiye Ozturk Urut
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Seher Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Derya Topkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elif Sahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serap Alp
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, 35160, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
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Singh PK, Silakari O. The Current Status of O-Heterocycles: A Synthetic and Medicinal Overview. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1071-1087. [PMID: 29603634 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
O-Heterocycles have been explored in the field of medicinal chemistry for a long time, but their significance has not been duly recognised and they are often shunned in favour of N-heterocycles. The design of bioactive molecules for nearly every pathophysiological condition is primarily focused on novel N-heterocycles. The main reasons for such bias include the ease of synthesis and possible mimicking of physiological molecules by N-heterocycles. But considering only this criterion rarely provides breakthrough molecules for a given disease condition, and instead the risks of toxicity or side effects are increased with such molecules. On the other hand, owing to improved synthetic feasibility, O-heterocycles have established themselves as equally potent lead molecules for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In the last decade there have been hundreds of reports validating the fact that equally potent molecules can be designed and developed by using O-heterocycles, and these are also expected to have comparably low toxicity. Even so, researchers tend to remain biased toward the use of N-heterocycles over O-heterocycles. Thus, this review provides a critical analysis of the synthesis and medicinal attributes of O-heterocycles, such as pyrones, oxazolones, furanones, oxetanes, oxazolidinones, and dioxolonones, and others, reported in the last five years, underlining the need for and the advantages guiding researchers toward them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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Maity R, Naskar S, Mal K, Biswas S, Das I. Direct Access to 2-Thioxooxazolidin-4-ones and Oxazolidine-2,4-diones from α-Keto Thioesters through Thiolate Transfer. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Maity
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sandip Naskar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Kanchan Mal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sandipa Biswas
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Indrajit Das
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology; 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India
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7
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Zhang W. Mesoionic Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone Insecticides: From Discovery to Triflumezopyrim and Dicloromezotiaz. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2381-2388. [PMID: 28825462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest global challenges is to feed the ever-increasing world population. The agrochemical tools growers currently utilize are also under continuous pressure, due to a number of factors that contribute to the loss of existing products. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones are an unusual yet very intriguing class of compounds. Known for several decades, this class of compounds had not been systemically studied until we started our insecticide discovery program. This Account provides an overview of the efforts on mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyridinone insecticide discovery, beginning from the initial high throughput screen (HTS) discovery to ultimate identification of triflumezopyrim (4, DuPont Pyraxalt) and dicloromezotiaz (5) for commercialization as novel insecticides. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones with a n-propyl group at the 1-position, such as compound 1, were initially isolated as undesired byproducts from reactions for a fungicide discovery program at DuPont Crop Protection. Such compounds showed interesting insecticidal activity in a follow-up screen and against an expanded insect species list. The area became an insecticide hit for exploration and then a lead area for optimization. At the lead optimization stage, variations at three regions of compound 1, i.e., side-chain (n-propyl group), substituents on the 3-phenyl group, and substitutions on the pyrido- moiety, were explored with many analogues prepared and evaluated. Breakthrough discoveries included replacing the n-propyl group with a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group to generate compound 2, and then with a 2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl group to form compound 3. 3 possesses potent insecticidal activity not only against a group of hopper species, including corn planthopper (Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead), CPH) and potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae (Harris), PLH), as well as two key rice hopper species, namely, brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), BPH) and rice green leafhopper (Nephotettix virescens (Distant), GLH), but also against representative lepidoptera species Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), DBM) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), FAW). Further optimization based on 3 led to discovery of triflumezopyrim (4), with a 5-pyrimidinylmethyl group, as a potent hopper insecticide for rice usage. Optimization of the substituents on the pyrido- moiety of 3 resulted in discovery of dicloromezotiaz (5) as a lepidoptera insecticide. In this Account, we present the discovery and optimization of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone insecticides toward the identification of triflumezopyrim (4) and dicloromezotiaz (5). We hope that knowledge and lessons derived from this discovery program will provide valuable information for future agrochemical and drug discovery. Our successful discovery and commercialization development of two novel insecticides based on meosoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyridiminones may also stimulate interests of scientists from other disciplines to adopt this uncommon yet intriguing heterocycle ring system in pharmaceutical and other material science discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell
Research Center, 1090 Elkton Road, Newark, Delaware 19711, United States
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8
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Zhang DD, Cui SX, Xu ZP, Li DM, Tian ZZ. Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel bridged-neonicotinoids. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Zhang W, Holyoke CW, Barry J, Cordova D, Leighty RM, Tong MHT, Hughes KA, Lahm GP, Pahutski TF, Xu M, Briddell TA, McCann SF, Henry YT, Chen Y. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2- a ]pyrimidinones: Discovery of dicloromezotiaz as a lepidoptera insecticide acting on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors 1,2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:911-917. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Taskiran DT, Urut GO, Ayata S, Alp S. Spectrofluorimetric and Potentiometric Determination of Acidity Constants of 4-(4′-Acetyloxy-3′-Methoxybenzylidene)-5-Oxazolone Derivatives. J Fluoresc 2016; 27:521-528. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-016-1979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang W, Holyoke CW, Pahutski TF, Lahm GP, Barry JD, Cordova D, Leighty RM, Singh V, Vicent DR, Tong MHT, Hughes KA, McCann SF, Henry YT, Xu M, Briddell TA. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones: Discovery of triflumezopyrim as a potent hopper insecticide 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:16-20. [PMID: 27894871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones has been discovered with exceptional insecticidal activity controlling a number of insect species. In this communication, we report the part of the optimization program which led to the discovery of triflumezopyrim as a highly potent insecticide controlling various hopper species. Our efforts in discovery, synthesis, structure-activity relationship elucidation, and biological activity evaluation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
| | - Caleb W Holyoke
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Thomas F Pahutski
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - George P Lahm
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - James D Barry
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Daniel Cordova
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Robert M Leighty
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Vineet Singh
- E.I. DuPont India Pvt. Ltd., South Asia Field Experimental Station, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Daniel R Vicent
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - My-Hanh T Tong
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Kenneth A Hughes
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Stephen F McCann
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Yewande T Henry
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Twyla A Briddell
- DuPont Crop Protection, Stine-Haskell Research Center, 1094 Elkton Road, Newark, DE 19711, USA
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Zhang W, Holyoke CW, Barry J, Leighty RM, Cordova D, Vincent DR, Hughes KA, Tong MHT, McCann SF, Xu M, Briddell TA, Pahutski TF, Lahm GP. Mesoionic pyrido[1,2- a ]pyrimidinones: A novel class of insecticides inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5444-5449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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