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Yang D, Cheung KM, Gong Q, Zhang L, Qiao L, Chen X, Huang Z, Miao Q. Synthesis, Structures and Properties of Trioxa[9]circulene and Diepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402756. [PMID: 38563770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This article presents trioxa[9]circulene (3) as a novel member of hetero[n]circulenes. Its synthesis began with the synthesis of dimethoxydioxa[8]helicene (5) and used dimethoxydiepoxycyclononatrinaphthalene (4) as a key intermediate, despite the condensation reaction predominantly yielding a 1,4-addition byproduct. The structures and properties of 3-5 were extensively investigated using experimental and computational methods. Analysis of the crystal structures reveal elongation of the internal C-C bonds in the nine-membered ring of 3 compared to 4 and 5. Computational studies demonstrate the remarkable flexibility of trioxa[9]circulene's saddle-shaped polycyclic framework, while the other two compounds are rigid with large racemization barriers. Optically pure forms of 4 and 5 exhibit absorption and luminescence dissymmetry factors on the order of 10-2, with smaller values observed for compound 4. In the crystal structures, molecules of 3 stack to form columns with remarkable π-π overlap, and the π-π interactions of 4 exhibit short intermolecular C-to-C contacts. Consequently, the solution-processed film of 4 functioned as a p-type organic semiconductor in field effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lulin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, 453007, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230032, Shanghai, China
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Yousefnejad F, Gholami F, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Oxime Esters: Flexible Building Blocks for Heterocycle Formation. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:17. [PMID: 37202650 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxime esters as the applicable building blocks, internal oxidizing agents, and directing groups in the synthesis of -, S-, and O-containing heterocycle scaffolds have gained great attention in the last decade. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the cyclization of oxime esters with various functional group reagents under transition metal and transition metal-free catalyzed conditions. Moreover, the mechanistic aspects of these protocols are explained in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Yousefnejad
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Berdnikova DV, Steup S, Bolte M, Suta M. Design of Aurone-Based Dual-State Emissive (DSE) Fluorophores. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300356. [PMID: 36748758 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of dual-state emissive (DSE) fluorophores, i. e. organic molecules showing balanced emission in both solution and as molecular solids, has recently become an emerging approach in material science, biology, sensing, and optoelectronics. However, the majority of existing DSE fluorophores represents structural modifications of the scaffolds known for their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, e. g., tetraphenylethylenes (TFE), triphenylamines (TFA), and others. In this study, we introduce aurones as an easily accessible scaffold for the construction of DSE fluorophores and describe the main design principles allowing to achieve the balanced emission in both solution and solid state. Herein, we present the solid-state fluorescence in a systematic series of aurone derivatives for the first time. We propose that the newly found DSE properties of aurones in combination with their established biological activity can be applied efficiently in biomedical studies and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Berdnikova
- Organische Chemie II, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sören Steup
- Organische Chemie II, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | - Markus Suta
- Inorganic Photoactive Materials, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Avula SK, Das B, Csuk R, Al-Harrasi A. Naturally Occurring O-heterocycles as Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:3208-3218. [PMID: 34749628 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211108091444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Proper efficient drugs are required to treat this deadly disease. Natural products have long been a vital source of anticancer agents and they have generated various "lead compounds" suitable for drug developments. With the recent advancement of chemical synthesis and bioevaluation techniques these lead compounds of natural origins have been utilized for production of useful anticancer drugs. Among the naturally occurring bioactive compounds various O-heterocycles have been evaluated as remarkable cancer therapeutic agents. These compounds generally possess unique structures and novel mechanism of action. In the present review article, some selected O-heterocycles as promoting anticancer agents have been discussed in brief. Various natural sources and chemistry as well as bioactivities of these compounds have been described. The development of improved analogues of these compounds through synthetic modifications and efficient bioevaluation along with proper studies on structure-activity relationship and mechanism of actions has been mentioned. The article has demonstrated the recent relevance of naturally occurring O-heterocyclic compounds in current anticancer drug discovery and development scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Kumar Avula
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa. Oman
| | - Biswanath Das
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa. Oman
| | - Rene Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2, d-06120, Halle (Saale). Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa. Oman
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Moreira J, Ribeiro D, Silva PMA, Nazareth N, Monteiro M, Palmeira A, Saraiva L, Pinto M, Bousbaa H, Cidade H. New Alkoxy Flavone Derivatives Targeting Caspases: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010129. [PMID: 30602686 PMCID: PMC6337158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antitumor activity of natural flavonoids has been exhaustively reported. Previously it has been demonstrated that prenylation of flavonoids allows the discovery of new compounds with improved antitumor activity through the activation of caspase-7 activity. The synthesis of twenty-five flavonoids (4–28) with one or more alkyl side chains was carried out. The synthetic approach was based on the reaction with alkyl halide in alkaline medium by microwave (MW) irradiation. The in vitro cell growth inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was investigated in three human tumor cell lines. Among the tested compounds, derivatives 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 18 revealed potent growth inhibitory activity (GI50 < 10 μM), being the growth inhibitory effect of compound 13 related with a pronounced caspase-7 activation on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and yeasts expressing human caspase-7. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model predicted that hydrophilicity, pattern of ring substitution/shape, and presence of partial negative charged atoms were the descriptors implied in the growth inhibitory effect of synthesized compounds. Docking studies on procaspase-7 allowed predicting the binding of compound 13 to the allosteric site of procaspase-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Nair Nazareth
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Monteiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Singh PK, Silakari O. The Current Status of O-Heterocycles: A Synthetic and Medicinal Overview. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1071-1087. [PMID: 29603634 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
O-Heterocycles have been explored in the field of medicinal chemistry for a long time, but their significance has not been duly recognised and they are often shunned in favour of N-heterocycles. The design of bioactive molecules for nearly every pathophysiological condition is primarily focused on novel N-heterocycles. The main reasons for such bias include the ease of synthesis and possible mimicking of physiological molecules by N-heterocycles. But considering only this criterion rarely provides breakthrough molecules for a given disease condition, and instead the risks of toxicity or side effects are increased with such molecules. On the other hand, owing to improved synthetic feasibility, O-heterocycles have established themselves as equally potent lead molecules for a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In the last decade there have been hundreds of reports validating the fact that equally potent molecules can be designed and developed by using O-heterocycles, and these are also expected to have comparably low toxicity. Even so, researchers tend to remain biased toward the use of N-heterocycles over O-heterocycles. Thus, this review provides a critical analysis of the synthesis and medicinal attributes of O-heterocycles, such as pyrones, oxazolones, furanones, oxetanes, oxazolidinones, and dioxolonones, and others, reported in the last five years, underlining the need for and the advantages guiding researchers toward them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Om Silakari
- Molecular Modelling Lab (MML), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
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