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Tessier B, Moine L, Peramo A, Tsapis N, Fattal E. Poly(malic acid)-budesonide nanoconjugates embedded in microparticles for lung administration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:2062-2078. [PMID: 38517568 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
To improve the therapeutic activity of inhaled glucocorticoids and reduce potential side effects, we designed a formulation combining the advantages of nanoparticles, which have an enhanced uptake by alveolar cells, allow targeted delivery and sustained drug release, as well as limited drug systemic passage, with those of microparticles, which display good alveolar deposition. Herein, a polymer-drug conjugate, poly(malic acid)-budesonide (PMAB), was first synthesized with either 11, 20, 33, or 43 mol% budesonide (drug:polymer from 1:8 to 3:4), the drug creating hydrophobic domains. The obtained conjugates self-assemble into nanoconjugates in water, yielding excellent drug loading of up to 73 wt%, with 80-100 nm diameters. In vitro assays showed that budesonide could be steadily released from the nanoconjugates, and the anti-inflammatory activity was preserved, as evidenced by reduced cytokine production in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Nanoconjugates were then embedded into microparticles through spray-drying with L-leucine, forming nano-embedded microparticles (NEMs). NEMs were produced with an aerodynamic diameter close to 1 µm and a density below 0.1 g.cm-3, indicative of a high alveolar deposition. NEMs spray-dried with the less hydrophobic nanoconjugates, PMAB 1:4, were readily dissolved in simulated lung fluid and were chosen for in vivo experiments to study pharmacokinetics in healthy rats. As it was released in vivo from NEMs, sustained distribution of budesonide was obtained for 48 h in lung tissue, cells, and lining fluid. With high loading rates, modulable release kinetics, and low cytotoxicity, these nanoconjugates delivered by NEMs are promising for the more efficient treatment of pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tessier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Moine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Peramo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France.
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Swaroop AK, Negi P, Kar A, Mariappan E, Natarajan J, Namboori P K K, Selvaraj J. Navigating IL-6: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:48-76. [PMID: 38220583 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This concise review navigates the intricate realm of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), an important member of the cytokine family. Beginning with an introduction to cytokines, this narrative review unfolds with the historical journey of IL-6, illuminating its evolving significance. A crucial section unravels the three distinct signaling modes employed by IL-6, providing a foundational understanding of its versatile interactions within cellular landscapes. Moving deeper, the review meticulously dissects IL-6's signaling mechanisms, unraveling the complexities of its pleiotropic effects in both physiological responses and pathological conditions. A significant focus is dedicated to the essential role IL-6 plays in inflammatory diseases, offering insights into its associations and implications for various health conditions. The review also takes a therapeutic turn by exploring the emergence of anti-IL-6 monoclonal inhibitors, marking a profound stride in treatment modalities. Diving into the molecular realm, the review explores small molecules as agents for IL-6 inhibition, providing a nuanced perspective on diverse intervention strategies. As the review embarks on the final chapters, it contemplates future aspects, offering glimpses into potential research trajectories and the evolving landscape of IL-6-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akey Krishna Swaroop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Preeya Negi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ayushi Kar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Esakkimuthukumar Mariappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jawahar Natarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Namboori P K
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Krishna Swaroop A, Krishnan Namboori PK, Esakkimuthukumar M, Praveen TK, Nagarjuna P, Patnaik SK, Selvaraj J. Leveraging decagonal in-silico strategies for uncovering IL-6 inhibitors with precision. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107231. [PMID: 37421735 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 upregulation leads to various acute phase reactions such as local inflammation and systemic inflammation in many diseases like cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, and Alzheimer's disease stimulating JAK/STAT3, Ras/MAPK, PI3K-PKB/Akt pathogenic pathways. Since no small molecules are available in the market against IL-6 till now, we have designed a class of small bioactive 1,3 - indanedione (IDC) molecules for inhibiting IL-6 using a decagonal approach computational studies. The IL-6 mutations were mapped in the IL-6 protein (PDB ID: 1ALU) from thorough pharmacogenomic and proteomics studies. The protein-drug interaction networking analysis for 2637 FFDA-approved drugs with IL-6 protein using Cytoscape software showed that 14 drugs have prominent interactions with IL-6. Molecular docking studies showed that the designed compound IDC-24 (-11.8 kcal/mol) and methotrexate (-5.20) bound most strongly to the 1ALU south asian population mutated protein. MMGBSA results indicated that IDC-24 (-41.78 kcal/mol) and methotrexate (-36.81 kcal/mol) had the highest binding energy when compared to the standard molecules LMT-28 (-35.87 kcal/mol) and MDL-A (-26.18 kcal/mol). These results we substantiated by the molecular dynamic studies in which the compound IDC-24 and the methotrexate had the highest stability. Further, the MMPBSA computations produced energies of -28 kcal/mol and -14.69 kcal/mol for IDC-24 and LMT-28. KDeep absolute binding affinity computations revealed energies of -5.81 kcal/mol and -4.74 kcal/mol for IDC-24 and LMT-28 respectively. Finally, our decagonal approach established the compound IDC-24 from the designed 1,3-indanedione library and methotrexate from protein drug interaction networking as suitable HITs against IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akey Krishna Swaroop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P K Krishnan Namboori
- Amrita Molecular Modeling and Synthesis (AMMAS) Research Lab, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amrita Nagar, Ettimadai, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Esakkimuthukumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - T K Praveen
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Palathoti Nagarjuna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Patnaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jubie Selvaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India.
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Yehezkel AS, Abudi N, Nevo Y, Benyamini H, Elgavish S, Weinstock M, Abramovitch R. AN1284 attenuates steatosis, lipogenesis, and fibrosis in mice with pre-existing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and directly affects aryl hydrocarbon receptor in a hepatic cell line. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1226808. [PMID: 37664863 PMCID: PMC10469006 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1226808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an aggressive form of fatty liver disease with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis for which there is currently no drug treatment. This study determined whether an indoline derivative, AN1284, which significantly reduced damage in a model of acute liver disease, can reverse steatosis and fibrosis in mice with pre-existing NASH and explore its mechanism of action. The mouse model of dietary-induced NASH reproduces most of the liver pathology seen in human subjects. This was confirmed by RNA-sequencing analysis. The Western diet, given for 4 months, caused steatosis, inflammation, and liver fibrosis. AN1284 (1 mg or 5 mg/kg/day) was administered for the last 2 months of the diet by micro-osmotic-pumps (mps). Both doses significantly decreased hepatic damage, liver weight, hepatic fat content, triglyceride, serum alanine transaminase, and fibrosis. AN1284 (1 mg/kg/day) given by mps or in the drinking fluid significantly reduced fibrosis produced by carbon tetrachloride injections. In human HUH7 hepatoma cells incubated with palmitic acid, AN1284 (2.1 and 6.3 ng/ml), concentrations compatible with those in the liver of mice treated with AN1284, decreased lipid formation by causing nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AN1284 downregulated fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and upregulated Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 and Cytochrome P450-a1, genes involved in lipid metabolism. In conclusion, chronic treatment with AN1284 (1mg/kg/day) reduced pre-existing steatosis and fibrosis through AhR, which affects several contributors to the development of fatty liver disease. Additional pathways are also influenced by AN1284 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi S. Yehezkel
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathalie Abudi
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Benyamini
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, Bioinformatics Unit of the I-CORE at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinat Abramovitch
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Wang S, Wang Z. Recent advance on carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors as potential multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114606. [PMID: 35858523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), as the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly worldwide, has brought enormous challenge to the society. Due to its extremely complex pathogeneses, the development of multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) becomes the major strategy for combating AD. Carbamate moiety, as an essential building block in the development of MTDLs, exhibits structural similarity to neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) and has piqued extensive attention in discovering multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors. To date, numerous preclinical studies demonstrate that carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors can prominently increase the level of ACh and improve cognition impairments and behavioral deficits, providing a privileged strategy for the treatment of AD. Based on the recent research focus on the novel cholinesterase inhibitors with multiple biofunctions, this review aims at summarizing and discussing the most recent studies excavating the potential carbamate-based MTDLs with cholinesterase inhibition efficacy, to accelerate the pace of pleiotropic cholinesterase inhibitors for coping AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Shuzhi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Weitman M, Bejar C, Melamed M, Weill T, Yanovsky I, Zeeli S, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Comparison of the tissue distribution and metabolism of AN1284, a potent anti-inflammatory agent, after subcutaneous and oral administration in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2077-2089. [PMID: 34309687 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study is to compare the tissue distribution and metabolism of AN1284 after subcutaneous and oral administration at doses causing maximal reductions in IL-6 in plasma and tissues of mice. Anti-inflammatory activity of AN1284 and its metabolites was detected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mice were given AN1284 by injection or gavage, 15 min before LPS. IL-6 protein levels were measured after 4 h. Using a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method we developed, we showed that AN1284 is rapidly metabolized to the indole (AN1422), a 7-OH derivative (AN1280) and its glucuronide. AN1422 has weaker anti-inflammatory activity than AN1284 in LPS-activated macrophages and in mice. AN1284 (0.5 mg/kg) caused maximal reductions in IL-6 in the plasma, brain, and liver when injected subcutaneously and after gavage only in the liver. Similar reductions in the plasma and brain required a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, which resulted in 5.5-fold higher hepatic levels than after injection of 0.5 mg/kg, but 7, 11, and 19-fold lower ones in the plasma, brain, and kidneys, respectively. Hepatic concentrations produced by AN1284 were 2.5 mg/kg/day given by subcutaneously implanted mini-pumps that were only 12% of the peak levels seen after acute injection of 0.5 mg/kg. Similar hepatic concentrations were obtained by (1 mg/kg/day), administered in the drinking fluid. These were sufficient to decrease hepatocellular damage and liver triglycerides in previous experiments in diabetic mice. AN1284 can be given orally by a method of continuous release to treat chronic liver disease, and its preferential concentration in the liver should limit any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Weitman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Corina Bejar
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Melamed
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inessa Yanovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, 9112002, Jerusalem, Israel.
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S N C S, Sengupta P, Palawat S, P S D, George G, Paul AT. Synthesis, molecular modelling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of conophylline inspired novel benzyloxy substituted indole glyoxylamides as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9530-9542. [PMID: 34032197 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1930168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic lipase is a digestive enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of dietary fats. Orlistat, a potent pancreatic lipase inhibitor, is widely prescribed for long-term obesity treatment. Nevertheless, orlistat is reported for severe adverse effects including hepatotoxicity and pancreatitis. In the present study, a novel series of 11 benzyloxy substituted indole glyoxylamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Three analogues, 10b, 11b and 11c, exhibited potent activity (IC50 ≤ 2.5 µM), with 11b exhibiting a potent IC50 of 1.68 µM comparable to orlistat (IC50 = 0.99 µM). Further, 11b exhibited reversible competitive inhibition with an inhibitory constant value of 0.98 μM. Molecular docking of these analogues was in agreement with in vitro results, wherein the MolDock scores exhibited significant correlation with their inhibitory activity (Pearson's r = 0.7122). A 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation of 11b-pancreatic lipase complex confirmed the role of extended alkyl interactions along with π-π stacking and π-cation interactions, in stabilizing the ligand (Maximum RMSD ≈ 3 Å) in the active site. Gastro-intestinal absorption and toxicity prediction of the three potent analogues highlighted the suitability of 11b for in vivo experiments. 11b at a dose of 20 mg/kg exhibited anti-obesity efficacy comparable to orlistat (10 mg/kg), wherein the serum triglycerides were found to be 94.95 and 83.85 mg/dL, respectively. Further, faecal triglyceride quantification indicated 11b to act through pancreatic lipase inhibition similar to orlistat. The present study identified a novel pancreatic lipase inhibitory benzyloxy substituted bis(indolyl) glyoxylamide 11b, with promising anti-obesity activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar S N C
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saksham Palawat
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dileep P S
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Huang Y, Liao J, Wang W, Liu H, Guo H. Synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through nucleophilic phosphine catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15235-15281. [PMID: 33320123 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05699e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophilic phosphine catalysis is a practical and powerful tool for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds with the advantages of environmentally friendly, metal-free, and mild reaction conditions. The present report summarizes the construction of four to eight-membered heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur atoms through phosphine-catalyzed intramolecular annulations and intermolecular [2+2], [3+2], [4+1], [3+1+1], [5+1], [4+2], [2+2+2], [3+3], [4+3] and [3+2+3] annulations of electron-deficient alkenes, allenes, alkynes and Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Kaur S, Bansal Y, Kumar R, Bansal G. A panoramic review of IL-6: Structure, pathophysiological roles and inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115327. [PMID: 31992476 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine. Its deregulation is associated with chronic inflammation, and multifactorial auto-immune disorders. It mediates its biological roles through a hexameric complex composed of IL-6 itself, its receptor IL-6R, and glycoprotein 130 (IL-6/IL-6R/gp130). This complex, in turn, activates different signaling mechanisms (classical and trans-signaling) to execute various biochemical functions. The trans-signaling mechanism activates various pathological routes, like JAK/STAT3, Ras/MAPK, PI3K-PKB/Akt, and regulation of CD4+ T cells and VEGF levels, which cause cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, anemia, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Involvement of IL-6 in pathophysiology of these complex diseases makes it an important target for the treatment of these diseases. Though some anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies are being used clinically, but their high cost, only parenteral administration, and possibility of immunogenicity have limited their use, and warranted the development of novel small non-peptide molecules as IL-6 inhibitors. In the present report, all molecules reported in literature as IL-6 inhibitors have been classified as IL-6 production, IL-6R, and IL-6 signaling inhibitors. Reports available till date are critically studied to identify important and salient structural features common in these molecules. These analyses would assist medicinal chemists to design novel and potent IL-6 production and signaling inhibitors, through knowledge- and/or computer-based approaches, for the treatment of complex multifactorial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhvir Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| | - Raj Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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10
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Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Indole-based melatonin analogues: Synthetic approaches and biological activity. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Permyakova A, Gammal A, Hinden L, Weitman M, Weinstock M, Tam J. A Novel Indoline Derivative Ameliorates Diabesity-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Reducing Metabolic Abnormalities. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:91. [PMID: 32218769 PMCID: PMC7078689 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both diabetes and obesity (diabesity) contribute significantly to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In search of new remedies to reverse or arrest the progression of CKD, we examined the therapeutic potential of a novel compound, AN1284, in a mouse model of CKD induced by type 2 diabetes with obesity. Six-week-old BKS Cg-Dock 7m+/+ Leprdb/J mice with type 2 diabetes and obesity were treated with AN1284 (2.5 or 5 mg kg-1 per day) via micro-osmotic pumps implanted subcutaneously for 3 months. Measures included renal, pancreatic, and liver assessment as well as energy utilization. AN1284 improved kidney function in BSK-db/db animals by reducing albumin and creatinine and preventing renal inflammation and morphological changes. The treatment was associated with weight loss, decreased body fat mass, increased utilization of body fat toward energy, preservation of insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β cell mass, and reduction of dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and liver injury. This indoline derivative protected the kidney from the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia by ameliorating the metabolic abnormalities of diabetes. It could have therapeutic potential for preventing CKD in human subjects with diabesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Permyakova
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Weitman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- *Correspondence: Joseph Tam
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza-Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13448-13451. [PMID: 31310448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, an aza-Heck cyclization that allows the preparation of indoline scaffolds is described. Using N-hydroxy anilines as electrophiles, which can be easily accessed from the corresponding nitroarenes, this method provides indolines bearing pendant functionality and complex ring topologies. Synthesis of challenging indolines, such as those bearing fully substituted carbon atoms at C2, is also possible using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Katerina M Korch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Donald A Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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13
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Xu F, Korch KM, Watson DA. Synthesis of Indolines and Derivatives by Aza‐Heck Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Katerina M. Korch
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Donald A. Watson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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14
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Kumar M R, Alagumuthu M, V VD. Synthesis and Molecular Drug Efficacy of Indoline-based Dihydroxy-thiocarbamides: Inflammation Regulatory Property Unveiled over COX-2 Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Cytotoxicity Prospects. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar M
- Department of Chemistry; Bishop Heber College; Tiruchirappalli India
| | - Manikandan Alagumuthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology; VIT University; Vellore 632014 India
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15
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Zeeli S, Weill T, Finkin-Groner E, Bejar C, Melamed M, Furman S, Zhenin M, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives of Indoline as Highly Potent Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Agents. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4004-4019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shani Zeeli
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Tehilla Weill
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Efrat Finkin-Groner
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Corina Bejar
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Michal Melamed
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Svetlana Furman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Michael Zhenin
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Abraham Nudelman
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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16
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Punna N, Das P, Gouverneur V, Shibata N. Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Indolines by Interceptive Benzylic Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Nonvinyl, Trifluoromethyl Benzoxazinanones with Sulfur Ylides under Palladium Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:1526-1529. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagender Punna
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Pulakesh Das
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences & Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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17
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Shifrin H, Mouhadeb O, Gluck N, Varol C, Weinstock M. Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway Does Not Contribute to Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis by Novel Indoline Carbamates. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:484-491. [PMID: 28271317 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-017-9735-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Indoline carbamates, AN680 and AN917 decrease cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6 in peritoneal macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in mouse tissues after LPS injection. They prevent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein 1. Only AN917 inhibits cholinesterase (ChE) at relevant concentrations. ChE inhibitors decrease NF-κB by activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChR). The current study compared the effect of rivastigmine, a ChE inhibitor, AN680 and AN917 on ulcerative colitis induced in mice by ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate (4.5%) solution. Rivastigmine (1 mg/kg), AN680 (2.5-10 mg/kg) and AN917 (2-5 mg/kg) were injected subcutaneously once daily for 8 days. Disease severity was assessed by disease activity index (DAI), colonoscopy, colon length and body weight loss, colonic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and myeloid peroxidase (MPO) activity. AN680 (5 mg/kg) reduced DAI, colon shrinkage, weight loss, histopathological signs of colon damage, MPO activity, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels without inhibiting ChE. AN917 (5 mg/kg) and rivastigmine (1 mg/kg) inhibited ChE in plasma and colon by 65%, reduced DAI, MPO activity and IL-6, but not TNF-α or IL-1β. AN917 did not prevent weight loss or colon shrinkage. Mecamylamine abolished the reduction of DAI, MPO activity and IL-6 by AN917 and rivastigmine, indicating they were mediated by α7nAChR. CONCLUSIONS AN680 is very effective in preventing DSS-induced UC in mice and may therefore have potential therapeutic application in humans. Addition of ChE inhibition and indirect activation of α7nAChR lessens the efficacy of AN917 in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Shifrin
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Research Centre for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Centre for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Centre for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Centre and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marta Weinstock
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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18
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Novel indoline derivatives prevent inflammation and ulceration in dinitro-benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1312-1318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Khandelwal S, Tailor YK, Kumar M. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/catalyst systems in organic transformations. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Finkin-Groner E, Moradov D, Shifrin H, Bejar C, Nudelman A, Weinstock M. Indoline-3-propionate and 3-aminopropyl carbamates reduce lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines induced in mice by LPS. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1101-13. [PMID: 25322956 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the search for safer and effective anti-inflammatory agents, we investigated the effect of methyl indoline-3-propionate and indoline-3-(3-aminopropyl) carbamates on LPS-induced lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice. Their mechanism of action was determined in murine peritoneal macrophages. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Lung injury was induced by intratracheal infusion of LPS and assessed by the change in lung weight and structure by light microscopy after staining by haematoxylin and eosin. In LPS-activated macrophages, MAPK proteins and IκBα were measured by Western blotting and the transcription factors, AP-1 and NF-κB by electromobility shift assay. Cytokines in the plasma and spleen of mice injected with LPS were measured by elisa-based assay. KEY RESULTS AN917 and AN680 (1-10 pM) decreased TNF-α protein in macrophages by inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, IκBα degradation and activation of AP-1 and NF-κB without affecting cell viability. In vivo, these compounds (10 μmol · kg(-1)) markedly decreased lung injury induced by LPS and the elevation of TNF-α and IL-6 in lung, plasma and spleen. Activation of α-7nACh receptors contributed to the reduction of TNF-α by AN917, which inhibited AChE in the spleen by 35%. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Indoline carbamates are potent inhibitors of pro-inflammatory mediators in murine macrophages and in mice injected with LPS, acting via the p38 MAPK, AP-1 and NF-κB cascades. Indirect α-7nACh receptor activation by AN917, through inhibition of AChE, contributes to its anti-inflammatory effect. Indoline carbamates may have therapeutic potential for lung injury and other diseases associated with chronic inflammation without causing immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Finkin-Groner
- Institute of Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gao Z, Wang C, Yuan C, Zhou L, Xiao Y, Guo H. Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of 2-tosylaminochalcones with allenoates: synthesis of trans-2,3-disubstitued indolines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12653-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine-catalyzed [4+1] annulation of 2-tosylaminochalcones with allenoates has been achieved, giving trans-2,3-disubstitued indolines as major diastereoisomers in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Chunhao Yuan
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Leijie Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- China Agricultural University
- Beijing 100193
- China
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