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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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Fotie J, Matherne CM, Mather JB, Wroblewski JE, Johnson K, Boudreaux LG, Perez AA. The Fundamental Role of Oxime and Oxime Ether Moieties in Improving the Physicochemical and Anticancer Properties of Structurally Diverse Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16854. [PMID: 38069175 PMCID: PMC10705934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the critical role of oxime and oxime ether moieties in enhancing the physicochemical and anticancer properties of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. Specific examples are carefully selected to illustrate the distinct contributions of these functional groups to general strategies for molecular design, modulation of biological activities, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationship studies. An extensive literature search was conducted across three databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scifinder, enabling us to create one of the most comprehensive overviews of how oximes and oxime ethers impact antitumor activities within a wide range of structural frameworks. This search focused on various combinations of keywords or their synonyms, related to the anticancer activity of oximes and oxime ethers, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, as well as molecular dynamics and docking studies. Each article was evaluated based on its scientific merit and the depth of the study, resulting in 268 cited references and more than 336 illustrative chemical structures carefully selected to support this analysis. As many previous reviews focus on one subclass of this extensive family of compounds, this report represents one of the rare and fully comprehensive assessments of the anticancer potential of this group of molecules across diverse molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, LA 70402-0878, USA; (C.M.M.); (J.B.M.); (J.E.W.); (K.J.); (L.G.B.); (A.A.P.)
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Dai ZQ, Gao F, Zhang ZJ, Lu MJ, Luo YJ, Zhang T, Shang BX, Gu YH, Zeng Q, Gao S, Guo ZQ, Xu B, Lei HM. Anti-tumor effects of novel alkannin derivatives with potent selectivity on comprehensive analysis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 117:154912. [PMID: 37295023 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic approaches based on glycolysis and energy metabolism of tumor cells are new promising strategies for the treatment of cancer. Currently, researches on the inhibition of pyruvate kinase M2, a key rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis, have been corroborated as an effective cancer therapy. Alkannin is a potent pyruvate kinase M2 inhibitor. However, its non-selective cytotoxicity has affected its subsequent clinical application. Thus, it needs to be structurally modified to develop novel derivatives with high selectivity. PURPOSE Our study aimed to ameliorate the toxicity of alkannin through structural modification and elucidate the mechanism of the superior derivative 23 in lung cancer therapy. METHODS On the basis of the principle of collocation, different amino acids and oxygen-containing heterocycles were introduced into the hydroxyl group of the alkannin side chain. We examined the cell viability of all derivatives on three tumor cells (HepG2, A549 and HCT116) and two normal cells (L02 and MDCK) by MTT assay. Besides, the effect of derivative 23 on the morphology of A549 cells as observed by Giemsa and DAPI staining, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the effects of derivative 23 on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. To further assess the effect of derivative 23 on the Pyruvate kinase M2 in glycolysis, an enzyme activity assay and western blot assay were performed. Finally, in vivo the antitumor activity and safety of the derivative 23 were evaluated by using Lewis mouse lung cancer xenograft model. RESULTS Twenty-three novel alkannin derivatives were designed and synthesized to improve the cytotoxicity selectivity. Among these derivatives, derivative 23 showed the highest cytotoxicity selectivity between cancer and normal cells. The anti-proliferative activity of derivative 23 on A549 cells (IC50 = 1.67 ± 0.34 μM) was 10-fold higher than L02 cells (IC50 = 16.77 ± 1.44 μM) and 5-fold higher than MDCK cells (IC50 = 9.23 ± 0.29 μM) respectively. Subsequently, fluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis showed that derivative 23 was able to induce apoptosis of A549 cells and arrest the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. In addition, the mechanistic studies suggested derivative 23 was an inhibitor of pyruvate kinase; it could regulate glycolysis by inhibiting the activation of the phosphorylation of PKM2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies in vivo demonstrated derivative 23 significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumor. CONCLUSION In this study, alkannin selectivity is reported to be significantly improved following structural modification, and derivative 23 is first shown to be able to inhibit lung cancer growth via the PKM2/STAT3 phosphorylation signaling pathway in vitro, indicating the potential value of derivative 23 in treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Dai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zi-Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ming-Jun Lu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu-Jin Luo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bing-Xian Shang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu-Hao Gu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qi Zeng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Shan Gao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zhuo-Qian Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hai-Min Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Ke LN, Kong LQ, Xu HH, Chen QH, Dong Y, Li B, Zeng XH, Wang HM. Research Progress on Structure and Anti-Gynecological Malignant Tumor of Shikonin. Front Chem 2022; 10:935894. [PMID: 35873044 PMCID: PMC9304652 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.935894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological malignancy seriously threatens the physical and mental health of women. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone compound with a variety of biological activities. Studies have shown that shikonin can inhibit cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis and induce cell necrosis. And in recent years, shikonin are also being increasingly used for the study of gynecological malignant diseases. Therefore, we reviewed the mechanism of action and structure optimization of shikonin in gynecological malignant tumors, in order to provide some reference for further research and development of related drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Ke
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ling-Qi Kong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Huan-Huan Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qin-Hua Chen
- Shenzhen Baoan Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Li, ; Xiao-Hua Zeng, ; Hong-Mei Wang,
| | - Xiao-Hua Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Li, ; Xiao-Hua Zeng, ; Hong-Mei Wang,
| | - Hong-Mei Wang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Li, ; Xiao-Hua Zeng, ; Hong-Mei Wang,
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Almasi H, Forghani S, Moradi M. Recent advances on intelligent food freshness indicators; an update on natural colorants and methods of preparation. Food Packag Shelf Life 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2022.100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
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Valipour M. Recent advances of antitumor shikonin/alkannin derivatives: A comprehensive overview focusing on structural classification, synthetic approaches, and mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 235:114314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Al‐Sabawi EN, Al‐Janabi ASM, Jerjis HM, Khairy M, Alduaij OK, Yousef TA. Synthesis, characterization, antibacterial, anti‐cancer and DFT studies of nano metal (II) oxime complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emad N. Al‐Sabawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | - Ahmed S. M. Al‐Janabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine Tikrit University Tikrit Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed Khairy
- Chemistry department, Science College Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry department, Faculty of Science Benha University Benha Egypt
| | - O. K. Alduaij
- Chemistry department, Science College Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek A. Yousef
- Chemistry department, Science College Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University Riyadh Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Toxic and Narcotic drug, Forensic Medicine Department, Mansoura Laboratory, Medicolegal organization, Ministry of Justice Egypt
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Zhu L, Li K, Liu M, Liu K, Ma S, Cai W. Anti-cancer Research on Arnebiae Radix-derived Naphthoquinone in Recent Five Years. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 17:218-230. [PMID: 34886780 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666211209164745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, many naphthoquinone compounds with anticancer activity have been identified in Arnebiae Radix, and some of them have the potential to be developed into anticancer drugs. OBJECTIVE This article aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the anticancer effects of naphthoquinone compounds through a detailed review of literature and Chinese patents, and discuss their potential to be developed as anticancer drugs for clinical application. METHODS Research papers were collected through the databases of PubMed, Cnki and SciDirect using keyword searches "naphthoquinone compounds" and "anticancer". The keywords of "shikonin" and "shikonin derivatives" were also used in PubMed, Cnki and SciDirect databases to collect research articles. The Chinese patents were collected using the Cnki patent database. RESULTS Naphthoquinone compounds have been found to possess anti-cancer activity, and their modes of action are associated with inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, promoting autophagy in cancer cells, anti-cancer angiogenesis and inhibition of cell adhesion, invasion and metastasis, inhibiting glycolysis and inhibiting DNA topoisomerase activity. CONCLUSION Most of the naphthoquinone compounds show effective anti-cancer activity in vitro. The structure modification of naphthoquinone aims to develop anti-cancer drugs with high efficacy and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
| | - Mingjuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
| | - Kexin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
| | - Shengjun Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 41800. China
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Cui J, Zhou X, Huang J, Cui J, Chen J. Selective Antitumor Effect of Shikonin Derived DMAKO-20 on Melanoma through CYP1B1. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 21:CCDT-EPUB-111521. [PMID: 33200710 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201116112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CYP1B1 is recognized as a valuable target for chemotherapy. It catalyzes the bioactivation of naphthoquinone oximes within certain cancer cell lines. However, the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and the functional role regulating the activity of DMAKO-20 as a representative naphthoquinone oxime against skin carcinoma is still unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the expression level of CYP1B1 in melanoma and explore the molecular mechanism behind the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 in melanoma. METHODS CYP1B1 expression levels in paraffin specimens taken from melanoma patients, and its expression levels in B16/F10 cancer cells were investigated using immunohistochemical staining. The molecular mechanisms behind DMAKO20 activity against melanoma was investigated by using cytotoxicity, cell scratching, apoptotic, and immunoblotting assays. RESULTS CYP1B1, the P450 isoform was expressed at high levels in melanoma tissues and cultured B16/F10 cells, but was undetectable in normal tissues or fibroblasts. In cell proliferation assays, the shikonin oxime DMAKO-20 exhibited potent and selective antiproliferative effects against B16/F10 melanoma cells and inhibited migration. Several mechanisms for the anticancer effects of DMAKO-20 have been identified in B16/F10 melanoma cells, including apoptosis, upregulation of mitochondrial apoptotic Bax proteins and downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. The results from these mechanistic investigations indicated that DMAKO-20 underwent CYP1B1-mediated metabolic activation to activate anticancer metabolites within melanoma cells. CONCLUSION DMAKO-20 exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on melanoma cells through CYP1B1-mediated activation. Using DMAKO-20 as a lead compound, further structural optimization may provide new drug entities for the treatments of malignant skin carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Cui
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Center for Specialty Strategy Research of Shanghai Jiao Tong University China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai 200011. China
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Zhou X, Xiao R, Chen M, Bai L. Synthesis of Uscharin Oxime Analogues and Their Biological Evaluation as HIF‐1 Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau
| | - Riping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau
| | - Li‐Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa Macau
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease (Macau University of Science and Technology)
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Abstract
Oximes, which are highly bioactive molecules, have versatile uses in the medical sector and have been indicated to possess biological activity. Certain oximes exist in nature in plants and animals, but they are also obtained by chemical synthesis. Oximes are known for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Moreover, they are therapeutic agents against organophosphate (OP) poisoning. Two oximes are already commonly used in therapy. Due to these abilities, new oxime compounds have been synthesized, and their biological activity has been verified. Often, modification of carbonyl compounds into oximes leads to increased activity. Nevertheless, in some cases, oxime activity is connected to the activity of the substrate. Recent works have revealed that new oxime compounds can demonstrate such functions and thus are considered to be potential drugs for pathogenic diseases, as adjuvant therapy in various types of cancer and inflammation and as potential next-generation drugs against OP poisoning.
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Fan C, Lim LKP, Loh SQ, Ying Lim KY, Upton Z, Leavesley D. Application of “macromolecular crowding” in vitro to investigate the naphthoquinones shikonin, naphthazarin and related analogues for the treatment of dermal scars. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Synthesis, characterization, theoretical calculations and biochemical evaluation of a novel oxime ligand with complexes. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sun B, Zhang J, Liu M, Guan L. Alkannin inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulation of miR-92a. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108782. [PMID: 30909147 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of alkannin on HCC cells growth, migration and invasion. METHODS Huh7 and Hep3B2.1-7 cells were treated with alkannin. Expression of miR-92a in cell was altered by transfection with miR-92a-mimic (miR-92a-M) or miR-92a-inhibitor (miR-92a-I). Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, BrdU assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of miR-92a was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The expression of proteins associated with proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Alkannin decreased cell viability and proliferation, executed cell apoptosis, and inhibited the migration and invasion of Huh7 and Hep3B2.1-7 cells. Alkannin negatively regulated the expression of miR-92a, and transfection with miR-92a-M impeded alkannin's anti-tumor functions. PTEN and TP53INP1 were found to be target genes of miR-92a. Alkannin inhibited PTEN-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, the biological effects of miR-92a-I in alkannin treated cells were eliminated by PTEN silencing. CONCLUSION Alkannin exerted anti-tumor activities by downregulation of miR-92a. This process might be executed by inactivating PTEN/PI3K/AKT signal pathways through the binding effects of miR-92a on PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Sun
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Meihan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
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Discovery and synthesis of sulfur-containing 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone oxime derivatives as new and potential anti-MDR cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:160-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of a Protein Component Purified from Aspongopus chinensis Dallas on Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8934794. [PMID: 30719067 PMCID: PMC6335791 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8934794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspongopus chinensis Dallas is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. In China, clinical evidence suggests that it has anticancer activity. However, the anticancer active components are not fully elucidated. In the present study, we purified an anticancer active component (named CHP) from A. chinensis. To gain a comprehensive insight into the protein components, shotgun proteomic analysis was conducted. The anticancer active protein band was cut from the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and digested with trypsin to generate peptide mixture. The peptide fragments were then analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry; 18 proteins were identified. In addition, we evaluated the effects of CHP on the proliferation and apoptosis of two human gastric cancer cell lines (SGC-7901 and BGC-823). The cultured cells were treated with CHP at concentrations of 20, 30, and 40 μg/mL. Inhibition of cell growth was determined by the MTT assay. Hoechst 33258 staining was adopted to detect apoptosis morphologically. Apoptotic cells were quantified by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Tumour growth was assessed by subcutaneous inoculation of 4T1 cells into BALB/c mice. There was a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the proliferation of both cell lines at CHP concentrations of 20–40 μg/mL. Apoptotic characteristics, such as karyopyknotic pyknic hyperfluorescence bolus and nuclear fragmentation, were observed in both the cell lines by Hoechst 33258 staining. Flow cytometry showed that CHP induced significant (P < 0.01) concentration-dependent apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. In vivo assay showed that CHP can partially inhibit tumour growth derived from 4T1 cells in vivo. The present study is the first to report that CHP in A. chinensis inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell lines via the suppression of cancer cell proliferation and acceleration of apoptosis.
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Meng Q, Huang G, Li S. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Oxime Derivatives. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218110221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Cui J, Zhang X, Huang G, Zhang Q, Dong J, Sun G, Meng Q, Li S. DMAKO-20 as a New Multitarget Anticancer Prodrug Activated by the Tumor Specific CYP1B1 Enzyme. Mol Pharm 2018; 16:409-421. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gege Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Cui J, Huang G, Meng Q, Li S. Cytotoxicity of Synthesized 1,4-Naphthoquinone Oxime Derivatives on Selected Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:612-619. [PMID: 29863062 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop potent and selective antitumor agents, a series of 1,4-naphthoquinone oxime derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxicity of these compounds were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines (colorectal cancer cell: HCT-15, breast cancer cell: MDA-MB-231, liver cancer cell: BEL-7402, colorectal cancer cell: HCT-116 and ovarian cancer cell: A2780) in vitro. Among them, compound 14 was found to be the most potent cytotoxic compound against three cell lines (MDA-MB-231, BEL-7402 and A2780) with IC50 values of 0.66±0.05, 5.11±0.12 and 8.26±0.22 µM, respectively. Additionally, the length of the side chains and the position of the substituent may also affect the cytotoxic activity of the naphthoquinone oxime derivatives. In general, compound 14 effectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and may become a promising anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | - Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
| | | | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Huang G, Zhao HR, Li SS. Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 6-Substituted 1,4-Naphthoquinone Oxime Derivatives (II). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Huang G, Zhao HR, Meng QQ, Zhang QJ, Dong JY, Zhu BQ, Li SS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfur-containing shikonin oxime derivatives as potential antineoplastic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:166-181. [PMID: 29174813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on developing potent and potentially safe antineoplastic agents, a set of forty five sulfur-containing shikonin oxime derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer (HCT-15), gastric carcinoma (MGC-803), liver (Bel7402), breast (MCF-7) cancer cells and human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells. All the synthesized compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activity selectively towards HCT-15 cells and did not display apparent toxicity to the normal HSF cells, some of which were more or comparatively effective to the parent compound against HCT-15, MGC-803 and Bel7402 cells. The most active agent 9m displayed high potency against human cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 0.27 ± 0.02 to 9.23 ± 0.12 μM. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) studies suggested that the nature of substituent group in the side chain is important for antitumor potency in vitro. Additionally, nitric oxide release studies revealed that the amount of nitric oxide generated from these oxime derivatives was relatively low. Furthermore, cellular mechanism investigations indicated that compound 9m could arrest cell cycle at G1 phase and induce a strong apoptotic response in HCT-15 cells. Moreover, western blot studies revealed that compound 9m induced apoptosis through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax, caspase 3 and 9. For all these reasons, compound 9m hold promising potential as antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hui-Ran Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Qing-Qing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin-Yun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bao-Quan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shao-Shun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Chen M, Chen L, Zhu X, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang J, Lu D, Xue W. Synthesis and biological activities of cyclanone O-(2-(3-aryl-4- amino-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)acetyl)oxime derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2017.1315419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihang Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
- Material and Chemistry Engineering Institution, Tongren College, Tongren, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuesong Zhu
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Li
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
| | - Daowang Lu
- Material and Chemistry Engineering Institution, Tongren College, Tongren, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, China
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Cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN)-mediated regioselective synthesis and anticancer activity of 6-substituted 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Hegde D, Naik GN, Vadavi RS, V. SK, Barretto DA, Gudasi KB. Transition metal complexes of N′-(2-(hydroxyimino)propanoyl)isonicotinohydrazide: Synthesis, characterization, DNA interaction and anticancer evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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6-Substituted 1,4-naphthoquinone oxime derivatives (I): synthesis and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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27
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Huang G, Meng QQ, Zhou W, Zhang QJ, Dong JY, Li SS. Design and synthesis of biotinylated dimethylation of alkannin oxime derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Zhao LM, Cao FX, Jin HS, Zhang JH, Szwaya J, Wang G. One-pot synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-((E)-1-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3-enyl)anthracene-9,10-diones as novel shikonin analogs and evaluation of their antiproliferative activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2691-4. [PMID: 27080175 PMCID: PMC5474392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of shikonin analogs have been synthesized in a one-pot reaction of quinizarin with β,γ-unsaturated aldehydes in MeOH under mild conditions and investigated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The synthesized compounds were found to be cytotoxic against HeLa cells with no apparent toxicity against normal cell line. Further modification led to the discovery of a novel tetracyclic anthraquinone (4b/4b') with potent cytotoxic activities against cervical, breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines with no significant effect on the growth of the control mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10. The good cytotoxicity and selectivity of compound 4b/4b' suggest that it could be a promising lead for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng-Xia Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Shan Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie-Huan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeffrey Szwaya
- RCMI Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- RCMI Cancer Research Center and Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
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29
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Skrzypczak A, Przystupa N, Zgadzaj A, Parzonko A, Sykłowska-Baranek K, Paradowska K, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Antigenotoxic, anti-photogenotoxic and antioxidant activities of natural naphthoquinone shikonin and acetylshikonin and Arnebia euchroma callus extracts evaluated by the umu-test and EPR method. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:364-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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El-Tabl AS, Mohamed Abd El-Waheed M, Wahba MA, Abd El-Halim Abou El-Fadl N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activity of New Metal Complexes Derived from 2-Hydroxy-3-(hydroxyimino)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2015; 2015:126023. [PMID: 26199586 PMCID: PMC4496588 DOI: 10.1155/2015/126023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel metal(II) complexes derived from 2-hydroxy-N'-((Z)-3-(hydroxyimino)-4-oxopentan-2-ylidene)benzohydrazide ligand (H2L) were synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses (DTA and TGA), IR, UV-VIS, (1)H-NMR, ESR and mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibilities, and conductivities measurements. The complexes adopt distorted octahedral geometry. The ESR spectra of the solid copper(II) complexes are characteristic to d(9) configuration and have an axial symmetry type of a d(x (2)-y (2)) ground state. The g values confirmed the tetragonal octahedral geometry with a considerably ionic or covalent environment. The cytotoxic activity of the ligand and its metal complexes showed potent cytotoxicity effect against growth of human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines compared to the clinically used Sorafenib (Nexavar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Saad El-Tabl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, P.O. Box 5744, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Wahba
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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31
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Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of shikonin and alkannin derivatives with different substituents on the naphthazarin scaffold. Chem Res Chin Univ 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-015-4385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Huang XC, Jin L, Wang M, Liang D, Chen ZF, Zhang Y, Pan YM, Wang HS. Design, synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel dehydroabietic acid derivatives containing a dipeptide moiety as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:370-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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