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Wang J, Yang C, Liang Z, Sun J, Zhang M, Qiu S, Du X, He X, Pang X, Ma X, Xie M, Han X, Fan R, Zhou E, Yu H, She D, Song H, Wang J. Indirubin-3'-monoxime exhibits potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects against human adenoviruses in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116558. [PMID: 38603887 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) infection is a major cause of respiratory disease, yet no antiviral drugs have been approved for its treatment. Herein, we evaluated the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) inhibitor indirubin-3'-monoxime (IM) against HAdV infection in cells and a transgenic mouse model. After evaluating its cytotoxicity, cytopathic effect reduction, antiviral replication kinetics, and viral yield reduction assays were performed to assess the anti-HAdV activity of IM. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), and western blotting were used to assess the effects of IM on HAdV DNA replication, transcription, and protein expression, respectively. IM significantly inhibited HAdV DNA replication as well as E1A and Hexon transcription, in addition to significantly suppressing the phosphorylation of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD). IM mitigated body weight loss, reduced viral burden, and lung injury, decreasing cytokine and chemokine secretion to a greater extent than cidofovir. Altogether, IM inhibits HAdV replication by downregulating CTD phosphorylation to suppress viral infection and corresponding innate immune reactions as a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhixin Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junping Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xi He
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoying Pang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xidong Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mei Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinjie Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ru Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Enlu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hairong Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, 71st Group Military Hospital of PLA Army, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Danyang She
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Fotie J, Matherne CM, Mather JB, Wroblewski JE, Johnson K, Boudreaux LG, Perez AA. The Fundamental Role of Oxime and Oxime Ether Moieties in Improving the Physicochemical and Anticancer Properties of Structurally Diverse Scaffolds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16854. [PMID: 38069175 PMCID: PMC10705934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review explores the critical role of oxime and oxime ether moieties in enhancing the physicochemical and anticancer properties of structurally diverse molecular frameworks. Specific examples are carefully selected to illustrate the distinct contributions of these functional groups to general strategies for molecular design, modulation of biological activities, computational modeling, and structure-activity relationship studies. An extensive literature search was conducted across three databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scifinder, enabling us to create one of the most comprehensive overviews of how oximes and oxime ethers impact antitumor activities within a wide range of structural frameworks. This search focused on various combinations of keywords or their synonyms, related to the anticancer activity of oximes and oxime ethers, structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, as well as molecular dynamics and docking studies. Each article was evaluated based on its scientific merit and the depth of the study, resulting in 268 cited references and more than 336 illustrative chemical structures carefully selected to support this analysis. As many previous reviews focus on one subclass of this extensive family of compounds, this report represents one of the rare and fully comprehensive assessments of the anticancer potential of this group of molecules across diverse molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Fotie
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, SLU 10878, Hammond, LA 70402-0878, USA; (C.M.M.); (J.B.M.); (J.E.W.); (K.J.); (L.G.B.); (A.A.P.)
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D'costa M, Bothe A, Das S, Udhaya Kumar S, Gnanasambandan R, George Priya Doss C. CDK regulators—Cell cycle progression or apoptosis—Scenarios in normal cells and cancerous cells. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:125-177. [PMID: 37061330 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine kinases called cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) interact with cyclins and CDK inhibitors (CKIs) to control the catalytic activity. CDKs are essential controllers of RNA transcription and cell cycle advancement. The ubiquitous overactivity of the cell cycle CDKs is caused by a number of genetic and epigenetic processes in human cancer, and their suppression can result in both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. This review focused on CDKs, describing their kinase activity, their role in phosphorylation inhibition, and CDK inhibitory proteins (CIP/KIP, INK 4, RPIC). We next compared the role of different CDKs, mainly p21, p27, p57, p16, p15, p18, and p19, in the cell cycle and apoptosis in cancer cells with respect to normal cells. The current work also draws attention to the use of CDKIs as therapeutics, overcoming the pharmacokinetic barriers of pan-CDK inhibitors, analyze new chemical classes that are effective at attacking the CDKs that control the cell cycle (cdk4/6 or cdk2). It also discusses CDKI's drawbacks and its combination therapy against cancer patients. These findings collectively demonstrate the complexity of cancer cell cycles and the need for targeted therapeutic intervention. In order to slow the progression of the disease or enhance clinical outcomes, new medicines may be discovered by researching the relationship between cell death and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D'costa
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anusha Bothe
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soumik Das
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Udhaya Kumar
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Gnanasambandan
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Ettl T, Schulz D, Bauer RJ. The Renaissance of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:293. [PMID: 35053461 PMCID: PMC8773807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) regulate cell cycle progression. During tumor development, altered expression and availability of CDKs strongly contribute to impaired cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, targeted inhibition of CDKs has shown considerable therapeutic benefit in a variety of tumor entities. Their success is reflected in clinical approvals of specific CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer. This review provides a detailed insight into the molecular mechanisms of CDKs as well as a general overview of CDK inhibition. It also summarizes the latest research approaches and current advances in the treatment of head and neck cancer with CDK inhibitors. Instead of monotherapies, combination therapies with CDK inhibitors may especially provide promising results in tumor therapy. Indeed, recent studies have shown a synergistic effect of CDK inhibition together with chemo- and radio- and immunotherapy in cancer treatment to overcome tumor evasion, which may lead to a renaissance of CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ettl
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Daniela Schulz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Josef Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Huang Z, Wang T, Wang C, Fan Y. CDK9 Inhibitors in Cancer Research. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:688-710. [PMID: 35814933 PMCID: PMC9215160 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) played an essential role in regulating transcriptional elongation. Aberrations in CDK9 activity have been observed in various cancers, which made CDK9 was an attractive therapeutic...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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Zhang H, Jing L, Liu M, Goto M, Lai F, Liu X, Sheng L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Chen X, Lee KH, Xiao Z. Identification of 3, 4-disubstituted pyridine derivatives as novel CDK8 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113634. [PMID: 34147745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) has been recently regarded as a potential approach for cancer therapy. A series of novel CDK8 inhibitors with the pyridine core was identified via scaffold hopping from the known CDK8 inhibitor A-7. The new inhibitors were designed to improve the ligand efficiency so as to enhance drug-likeness. Most of the compounds showed significant inhibition against CDK8/cyclin C, and the most active compounds (5d, 5e and 7') displayed IC50 values of 2.4 nM, 5.0 nM and 7.7 nM, respectively. Preliminary kinase profiling of selected compounds against a panel of kinases from different families indicated that this compound class might selectively inhibit CDK8 as well as its paralog CDK19. Some compounds exhibited cellular activity in both MTT and SRB assays against a variety of tumor cells, including HCT-116, A549, MDA-MB-231, KB, KB-VIN and MCF-7. Further flow cytometry analysis revealed a dose-dependent G2/M phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with compounds 6'a, 6'b, 6'j and 6'k. In addition, compound 6'k demonstrated moderate antitumor efficacy in HCT-116 mouse models, although unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles were suggested by preliminary study in mice. The results provided a new structural prototype for the search of selective CDK8 inhibitors as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liandong Jing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Man Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, USA
| | - Fangfang Lai
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Sheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Material Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7568, USA; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Kayastha S, Sagwan-Barkdoll L, Anterola A, Jayakody LN. Developing synthetic microbes to produce indirubin-derivatives. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Nandi S, Dey R, Dey S, Samadder A, Saxena A. Naturally Sourced CDK Inhibitors and Current Trends in Structure-Based Synthetic Anticancer Drug Design by Crystallography. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:485-498. [PMID: 34503422 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210908101751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the chief regulators in cell proliferation; the kinase activities are largely regulated by their interactions with CDK inhibitors (CKIs) and Cyclins. The association of different CDKs with CDKIs and Cyclins at the cell-cycle checkpoints of different stages of mitotic cell cycle function act more likely as the molecular switches that regulate different transcriptional events required for progression through the cell cycle. A fine balance in response to extracellular and intracellular signals is highly maintained in the orchestrated function of CDKs along with Cyclins and CDKIs for normal cell proliferation. This fine-tuning in mitotic cell cycle progression sometimes gets lost due to dysregulation of CDKs. The aberrant functioning of the CDKIs is therefore studied for its contributions as a vital hallmark of cancers. It has attracted our focus to maneuver cancer therapy. Hence, several synthetic CDKIs and their crystallography-based drug design have been explained to understand their mode of action with CDKs. Since most of the synthetic drugs function by inhibiting the CDK4/6 kinases by competitively binding to their ATP binding cleft, these synthetic drugs are reported to attack the normal, healthy growing cells adjacent to the cancer cells leading to the decrease in the life span of the cancer patients. The quest for traditional natural medicines may have a great impact on the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in the present studies, a search for naturally sourced CDK inhibitors has been briefly focused. Additionally, some synthetic crystallography-based drug design has been explained to elucidate different avenues to develop better anticancer chemotherapeutics, converting natural scaffolds into inhibitors of the CDK mediated abnormal signal transduction with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
| | - Rishita Dey
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
| | - Sudatta Dey
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235. India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235. India
| | - Anil Saxena
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713. India
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Gao GB, Sun Y, Fang RD, Wang Y, Wang Y, He QY. Post-translational modifications of CDK5 and their biological roles in cancer. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:22. [PMID: 35006426 PMCID: PMC8607427 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00029-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) have emerged as important regulatory mechanisms that modulate cancer development in patients. Though CDK5 is an atypical member of the cyclin-dependent kinase family, its aberrant expression links to cell proliferation, DNA damage response, apoptosis, migration and angiogenesis in cancer. Current studies suggested that, new PTMs on CDK5, including S-nitrosylation, sumoylation, and acetylation, serve as molecular switches to control the kinase activity of CDK5 in the cell. However, a majority of these modifications and their biological significance in cancer remain uncharacterized. In this review, we discussed the role of PTMs on CDK5-mediated signaling cascade, and their possible mechanisms of action in malignant tumors, as well as the challenges and future perspectives in this field. On the basis of the newly identified regulatory signaling pathways of CDK5 related to PTMs, researchers have investigated the cancer therapeutic potential of chemical compounds, small-molecule inhibitors, and competitive peptides by targeting CDK5 and its PTMs. Results of these preclinical studies demonstrated that targeting PTMs of CDK5 yields promising antitumor effects and that clinical translation of these therapeutic strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Bin Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Run-Dong Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing-Yu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Wang H, Wang Z, Wei C, Wang J, Xu Y, Bai G, Yao Q, Zhang L, Chen Y. Anticancer potential of indirubins in medicinal chemistry: Biological activity, structural modification, and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113652. [PMID: 34161865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Indirubin is the crucial ingredient of Danggui Longhui Wan and Qing-Dai, traditional Chinese medicine herbal formulas used for the therapy of chronic myelocytic leukemia in China for hundreds of years. Although the monomeric indirubin has been used in China for the treatment human chronic myelocytic leukemia. However, due to low water solubility, poor pharmacokinetic properties and low therapeutic effects are the major obstacle, and had significantly limited its clinical application. Consequently, the attractive anticancer profile of indirubin has enthused numerous researchers to discover novel indirubin derivatives with improved pharmacodynamic activity as well as good pharmacokinetic property. In this paper, we comprehensively review the recent progress of anticancer potential of indirubins, structural modification and structure-activity relationship, which may provide useful direction for the further development of novel indirubins with improved pharmacological profiles for the treatment of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China
| | - Chunyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China
| | - Yingshu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China
| | - Guohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Oral Disease of Higher Schools in Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China.
| | - Qizheng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China.
| | - Yongzheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Road, Zunyi, 563000, PR China.
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Schepetkin IA, Plotnikov MB, Khlebnikov AI, Plotnikova TM, Quinn MT. Oximes: Novel Therapeutics with Anticancer and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060777. [PMID: 34067242 PMCID: PMC8224626 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oximes have been studied for decades because of their significant roles as acetylcholinesterase reactivators. Over the last twenty years, a large number of oximes have been reported with useful pharmaceutical properties, including compounds with antibacterial, anticancer, anti-arthritis, and anti-stroke activities. Many oximes are kinase inhibitors and have been shown to inhibit over 40 different kinases, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), serine/threonine kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 α/β (GSK-3α/β), Aurora A, B-Raf, Chk1, death-associated protein-kinase-related 2 (DRAK2), phosphorylase kinase (PhK), serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK), Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK), and multiple receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Some oximes are inhibitors of lipoxygenase 5, human neutrophil elastase, and proteinase 3. The oxime group contains two H-bond acceptors (nitrogen and oxygen atoms) and one H-bond donor (OH group), versus only one H-bond acceptor present in carbonyl groups. This feature, together with the high polarity of oxime groups, may lead to a significantly different mode of interaction with receptor binding sites compared to corresponding carbonyl compounds, despite small changes in the total size and shape of the compound. In addition, oximes can generate nitric oxide. This review is focused on oximes as kinase inhibitors with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Oximes with non-kinase targets or mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
| | - Mark B. Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634028 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Andrei I. Khlebnikov
- Kizhner Research Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Scientific Research Institute of Biological Medicine, Altai State University, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Tatiana M. Plotnikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-406-994-4707; Fax: +1-406-994-4303
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Al-Warhi T, Abo-Ashour MF, Almahli H, Alotaibi OJ, Al-Sanea MM, Al-Ansary GH, Ahmed HY, Elaasser MM, Eldehna WM, Abdel-Aziz HA. Novel [( N-alkyl-3-indolylmethylene)hydrazono]oxindoles arrest cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis by inhibiting CDK2 and Bcl-2: synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1300-1309. [PMID: 32522063 PMCID: PMC7717600 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1773814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a continuation for our previous work, a novel set of N-alkylindole-isatin conjugates (7, 8a-c, 9 and 10a-e) is here designed and synthesised with the prime aim to develop more efficient isatin-based antitumor candidates. Utilising the SAR outputs from the previous study, our design here is based on appending four alkyl groups with different length (ethyl and n-propyl), bulkiness (iso-propyl) and unsaturation (allyl) on N-1 of indole motif, with subsequent conjugation with different N-unsubstituted isatin moieties to furnish the target conjugates. As planned, the adopted strategy achieved a substantial improvement in the growth inhibitory profile for the target conjugates in comparison to the reported lead VI. The best results were obtained with N-propylindole -5-methylisatin hybrid 8a which displayed broad spectrum anti-proliferative action with efficient sub-panel GI50 (MG-MID) range from 1.33 to 4.23 µM, and promising full-panel GI50 (MG-MID) equals 3.10 µM, at the NCI five-dose assay. Also, hybrid 8a was able to provoke cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis in breast T-47D cells as evidenced by the DNA flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC/PI assays. Furthermore, hybrid 8a exhibited good inhibitory action against cell cycle regulator CDK2 protein kinase and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein (IC50= 0.85 ± 0.03 and 0.46 ± 0.02 µM, respectively). Interestingly, molecular docking for hybrid 8a in CDK2 and Bcl-2 active sites unveiled that N-propyl group is involved in significant hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, the results suggested conjugate 8a as a promising lead for further development and optimisation as an efficient antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud F. Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ohoud J. Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada H. Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmacy Program, Batterejee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Y. Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hatem A. Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Marak BN, Dowarah J, Khiangte L, Singh VP. A comprehensive insight on the recent development of Cyclic Dependent Kinase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Cassandri M, Fioravanti R, Pomella S, Valente S, Rotili D, Del Baldo G, De Angelis B, Rota R, Mai A. CDK9 as a Valuable Target in Cancer: From Natural Compounds Inhibitors to Current Treatment in Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1230. [PMID: 32903585 PMCID: PMC7438590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) are well-known reliable targets for cancer treatment being often deregulated. Among them, since the transcription-associated CDK9 represents the sentry of cell transcriptional homeostasis, it can be a valuable target for managing cancers in which the transcriptional machinery is dysregulated by tumor-driver oncogenes. Here we give an overview of some natural compounds identified as CDK inhibitors with reported activity also against CDK9, that were taken as a model for the development of highly active synthetic anti-CDK9 agents. After, we summarize the data on CDK9 inhibition in a group of rare pediatric solid tumors such as rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and malignant rhabdoid tumors (soft tissue sarcomas), highlighting the more recent results in this field. Finally, we discuss the perspective and challenge of CDK9 modulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cassandri
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giada Del Baldo
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Rota
- Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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15
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Colella M, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Continuous Flow Synthesis of Heterocycles: A Recent Update on the Flow Synthesis of Indoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143242. [PMID: 32708643 PMCID: PMC7397031 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole derivatives are among the most useful and interesting heterocycles employed in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. In addition, flow chemistry and flow technology are changing the synthetic paradigm in the field of modern synthesis. In this review, the role of flow technology in the preparation of indole derivatives is showcased. Selected examples have been described with the aim to provide readers with an overview on the tactics and technologies used for targeting indole scaffolds.
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16
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Liu Y, Li H, Pi R, Yang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Current strategies against persistent human papillomavirus infection (Review). Int J Oncol 2019; 55:570-584. [PMID: 31364734 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, exhibiting a tropism for the epidermis and mucosae. The link between persistent HPV infection and malignancies involving the anogenital tract as well as the head and neck has been well‑established, and it is estimated that HPV‑related cancers involving various anatomical sites account for 4.5% of all human cancers. Current prophylactic vaccines against HPV have enabled the prevention of associated malignancies. However, the sizeable population base of current infection in whom prophylactic vaccines are not applicable, certain high‑risk HPV types not included in vaccines, and the vast susceptible population in developing countries who do not have access to the costly prophylactic vaccines, put forward an imperative need for effective therapies targeting persistent infection. In this article, the life cycle of HPV, the mechanisms facilitating HPV evasion of recognition and clearance by the host immune system, and the promising therapeutic strategies currently under investigation, particularly antiviral drugs and therapeutic vaccines, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruyu Pi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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17
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Crifar C, Dücker FL, Nguyen Thanh S, Kairouz V, Lubell WD. Heumann Indole Flow Chemistry Process. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10929-10937. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Crifar
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Fenja L. Dücker
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sacha Nguyen Thanh
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Vanessa Kairouz
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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18
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Tadesse S, Caldon EC, Tilley W, Wang S. Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: An Update. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4233-4251. [PMID: 30543440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) drives the progression of cells into the S- and M-phases of the cell cycle. CDK2 activity is largely dispensable for normal development, but it is critically associated with tumor growth in multiple cancer types. Although the role of CDK2 in tumorigenesis has been controversial, emerging evidence proposes that selective CDK2 inhibition may provide a therapeutic benefit against certain tumors, and it continues to appeal as a strategy to exploit in anticancer drug development. Several small-molecule CDK2 inhibitors have progressed to the clinical trials. However, a CDK2-selective inhibitor is yet to be discovered. Here, we discuss the latest understandings of the role of CDK2 in normal and cancer cells, review the core pharmacophores used to target CDK2, and outline strategies for the rational design of CDK2 inhibitors. We attempt to provide an outlook on how CDK2-selective inhibitors may open new avenues for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tadesse
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Elizabeth C Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre , Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Medicine , UNSW Sydney , Darlinghurst , NSW 2010 , Australia
| | - Wayne Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Development , University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute , Adelaide , SA 5000 , Australia
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19
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Farag AK, Roh EJ. Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family modulators: Current and future therapeutic outcomes. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:349-385. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Karam Farag
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST); Seoul Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School; University of Science and Technology; Seoul Republic of Korea
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20
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Development of CDK-targeted scoring functions for prediction of binding affinity. Biophys Chem 2018; 235:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Tutone M, Almerico AM. Recent advances on CDK inhibitors: An insight by means of in silico methods. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:300-315. [PMID: 28802482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are a small family of serine/threonine protein kinases that can act as a potential therapeutic target in several proliferative diseases, including cancer. This short review is a survey on the more recent research progresses in the field achieved by using in silico methods. All the "armamentarium" available to the medicinal chemists (docking protocols and molecular dynamics, fragment-based, de novo design, virtual screening, and QSAR) has been employed to the discovery of new, potent, and selective inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases. The results cited herein can be useful to understand the nature of the inhibitor-target interactions, and furnish an insight on the structural/molecular requirements necessary to achieve the required selectivity against cyclin dependent kinases over other types of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tutone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Almerico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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22
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Li Y, Guo Q, Zhang C, Huang Z, Wang T, Wang X, Wang X, Xu G, Liu Y, Yang S, Fan Y, Xiang R. Discovery of a highly potent, selective and novel CDK9 inhibitor as an anticancer drug candidate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3231-3237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Zhou A, Yan L, Lai F, Chen X, Goto M, Lee KH, Xiao Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel indolin-2-ones as potent anticancer compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017. [PMID: 28625363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The indolin-2-one core is a privileged structure for antitumor agents, especially kinase inhibitors. Twenty-three novel indolin-2-ones were designed by molecular dissection of the anticancer drug indirubin. Seventeen of them exhibited significant inhibition against the tested cell lines, and two of them (1c and 1h) showed IC50 values at the submicromolar level against HCT-116 cells. Compounds 1c and 2c were also potent inhibitors of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231. Flow cytometry was utilized to explore the antitumor mechanism of 1c and 2c with MDA-MB-231 cells, and distinct effects were observed on 2c. Furthermore, immunocytochemical examination of 1c suggested a destabilization of microtubules, which was significantly different from the effect of IM, an indirubin derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7568, USA; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhiyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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24
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Abstract
CDK9 is a protein in constant development in cancer therapy. Herein we present an overview of the enzyme as a target for cancer therapy. We provide data on its characteristics and mechanism of action. In recent years, CDK9 inhibitors that have been designed with molecular modeling have demonstrated good antitumoral activity in vitro. Clinical studies of the drugs flavopiridol, dinaciclib, seliciclib, SNS-032 and RGB-286638 used as CDK9 inhibitors are also reviewed, with their additional targets and their relative IC50 values. Unfortunately, treatment with these drugs remains unsuccessful and involves many adverse effects. We could conclude that there are many small molecules that bind to CDK9, but their lack of selectivity against other CDKs do not allow them to get to the clinical use. However, drug designers currently have the tools needed to improve the selectivity of CDK9 inhibitors and to make successful treatment available to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Morales
- a Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- a Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
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25
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Ramakrishna K, Sivasankar C. Synthesis of Aminobenzoic Acid Derivatives via Chemoselective Carbene Insertion into the -NH Bond Catalyzed by Cu(I) Complex. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6609-16. [PMID: 27392207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine ligand stabilized air-stable Cu(I) complexes have been successfully used to functionalize the aromatic aminobenzoic acids in a chemoselective manner without implementing protection and deprotection strategy under mild reaction conditions. This chemoselective carbene insertion into -NH bond over -COOH and -OH bonds leads to the wide range of carboxy and hydroxy functionalized α-amino esters (27 examples). All of the isolated new products have been fully characterized using standard analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankanala Ramakrishna
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University) , Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Chinnappan Sivasankar
- Catalysis and Energy Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University (A Central University) , Puducherry 605014, India
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26
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Discovery of indirubin derivatives as new class of DRAK2 inhibitors from high throughput screening. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2719-23. [PMID: 27106709 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
DRAK2 is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) family and has emerged as a promising drug target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers. To identify small molecule inhibitors for DRAK2, we performed a high throughput screening campaign using in-house chemical library and identified indirubin-3'-monoximes as novel class of DRAK2 inhibitors. Among the compounds tested, compound 16 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against DRAK2 (IC50=0.003μM). We also propose that compound 16 may bind to the ATP-binding site of the enzyme based on enzyme kinetics and molecular docking studies.
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