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Dzedulionytė K, Veikšaitė M, Morávek V, Malinauskienė V, Račkauskienė G, Šačkus A, Žukauskaitė A, Arbačiauskienė E. Convenient Synthesis of N-Heterocycle-Fused Tetrahydro-1,4-diazepinones. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248666. [PMID: 36557800 PMCID: PMC9783606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A general approach towards the synthesis of tetrahydro-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-4-one, tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[1,2-a]indol-1-one and tetrahydro-1H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepin-1-one derivatives was introduced. A regioselective strategy was developed for synthesizing ethyl 1-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxylates from easily accessible 3(5)-aryl- or methyl-1H-pyrazole-5(3)-carboxylates. Obtained intermediates were further treated with amines resulting in oxirane ring-opening and direct cyclisation-yielding target pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,4]diazepin-4-ones. A straightforward two-step synthetic approach was applied to expand the current study and successfully functionalize ethyl 1H-indole- and ethyl 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxylates. The structures of fused heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H, 13C, and 15N-NMR spectroscopy and HRMS investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Dzedulionytė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Melita Veikšaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vít Morávek
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vida Malinauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Greta Račkauskienė
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Baršausko g. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Asta Žukauskaitė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Chemical Biology, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (A.Ž.); (E.A.)
| | - Eglė Arbačiauskienė
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilėnų pl. 19A, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence: (A.Ž.); (E.A.)
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2
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Pan X, Pei J, Wang A, Shuai W, Feng L, Bu F, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Wang G, Ouyang L. Development of small molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) inhibitors for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2171-2192. [PMID: 35646548 PMCID: PMC9136582 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway is widely activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli, and its dysregulation is associated with the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells. ERK1/2 is located at the distal end of this pathway and rarely undergoes mutations, making it an attractive target for anticancer drug development. Currently, an increasing number of ERK1/2 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized for antitumor therapy, among which representative compounds have entered clinical trials. When ERK1/2 signal transduction is eliminated, ERK5 may provide a bypass route to rescue proliferation, and weaken the potency of ERK1/2 inhibitors. Therefore, drug research targeting ERK5 or based on the compensatory mechanism of ERK5 for ERK1/2 opens up a new way for oncotherapy. This review provides an overview of the physiological and biological functions of ERKs, focuses on the structure-activity relationships of small molecule inhibitors targeting ERKs, with a view to providing guidance for future drug design and optimization, and discusses the potential therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junping Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Faqian Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
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3
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Wang C, Wang H, Zheng C, Liu Z, Gao X, Xu F, Niu Y, Zhang L, Xu P. Research progress of MEK1/2 inhibitors and degraders in the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113386. [PMID: 33774345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) are the crucial part of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway (or ERK pathway), which is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and differentiation et al. Targeting MEK has become an important strategy for cancer therapy, and 4 MEK inhibitors (MEKis) have been approved by FDA to date. However, the application of MEKis is limited due to acquired resistance under long-term treatment. Fortunately, an emerging technology, named proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC), could break through this limitation by inducing MEK1/2 degradation. Compared to MEKis, MEK1/2 PROTAC is rarely studied and only three MEK1/2 PROTAC molecules, have been reported until now. This paper will outline the ERK pathway and the mechanism and research progress of MEK1/2 inhibitors, but focus on the development of MEK degraders and their optimization strategies. PAC-1 strategy which can induce MEK degradation indirectly, other PROTACs on ERK pathway, the advantages and challenges of PROTAC technology will be subsequently discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Teaching Laboratory Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cangxin Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozuo Gao
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fengrong Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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4
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Wang B, Yan S, Yi Y, Huang Y, Deng Z, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Xie H, Li J. Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:691. [PMID: 32850814 PMCID: PMC7413062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified vitexin compound 1 (VB1), a novel lignanoid isolated from the seeds of the Chinese herb Vitex negundo, has strong antioxidant abilities and broad antitumor activities. However, little is known about its anti-photoaging effect on the skin and the underlying mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that VB1 significantly attenuates ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), as evidenced by senescence-associated β-gal staining, MTT assays, and western blot analysis of the expression of p16 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). Furthermore, mass spectrometry revealed that VB1 could directly bind to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods confirmed the mass spectroscopy results and predicted six possible binding amino acids of MAPK1 that most likely interacted with VB1. Subsequent immunoprecipitation analysis, including different MAPK1 mutants, revealed that VB1 directly interacted with the residues, glutamic acid 58 (E58) and arginine 65 (R65) of MAPK1, leading to the partial reversal of UVA-induced senescence in HEK293T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the topical application of VB1 to the skin of mice significantly reduced photoaging phenotypes in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrated that VB1 reduces UVA-induced senescence by targeting MAPK1 and alleviates skin photoaging in mice, suggesting that VB1 may be applicable for the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sha Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingxue Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Kidger AM, Munck JM, Saini HK, Balmanno K, Minihane E, Courtin A, Graham B, O'Reilly M, Odle R, Cook SJ. Dual-Mechanism ERK1/2 Inhibitors Exploit a Distinct Binding Mode to Block Phosphorylation and Nuclear Accumulation of ERK1/2. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:525-539. [PMID: 31748345 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is frequently deregulated in cancer due to activating mutations of growth factor receptors, RAS or BRAF. Both RAF and MEK1/2 inhibitors are clinically approved and various ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) are currently undergoing clinical trials. To date, ERKi display two distinct mechanisms of action (MoA): catalytic ERKi solely inhibit ERK1/2 catalytic activity, whereas dual mechanism ERKi additionally prevents the activating phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at its T-E-Y motif by MEK1/2. These differences may impart significant differences in biological activity because T-E-Y phosphorylation is the signal for nuclear entry of ERK1/2, allowing them to access many key transcription factor targets. Here, we characterized the MoA of five ERKi and examined their functional consequences in terms of ERK1/2 signaling, gene expression, and antiproliferative efficacy. We demonstrate that catalytic ERKi promote a striking nuclear accumulation of p-ERK1/2 in KRAS-mutant cell lines. In contrast, dual-mechanism ERKi exploits a distinct binding mode to block ERK1/2 phosphorylation by MEK1/2, exhibit superior potency, and prevent the nuclear accumulation of ERK1/2. Consequently, dual-mechanism ERKi exhibit more durable pathway inhibition and enhanced suppression of ERK1/2-dependent gene expression compared with catalytic ERKi, resulting in increased efficacy across BRAF- and RAS-mutant cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanne M Munck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet K Saini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Balmanno
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Minihane
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelie Courtin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brent Graham
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marc O'Reilly
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Odle
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Wellaway CR, Amans D, Bamborough P, Barnett H, Bit RA, Brown JA, Carlson NR, Chung CW, Cooper AWJ, Craggs PD, Davis RP, Dean TW, Evans JP, Gordon L, Harada IL, Hirst DJ, Humphreys PG, Jones KL, Lewis AJ, Lindon MJ, Lugo D, Mahmood M, McCleary S, Medeiros P, Mitchell DJ, O’Sullivan M, Le Gall A, Patel VK, Patten C, Poole DL, Shah RR, Smith JE, Stafford KAJ, Thomas PJ, Vimal M, Wall ID, Watson RJ, Wellaway N, Yao G, Prinjha RK. Discovery of a Bromodomain and Extraterminal Inhibitor with a Low Predicted Human Dose through Synergistic Use of Encoded Library Technology and Fragment Screening. J Med Chem 2020; 63:714-746. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Amans
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Heather Barnett
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rino A. Bit
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jack A. Brown
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Neil R. Carlson
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Peter D. Craggs
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Robert P. Davis
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Tony W. Dean
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John P. Evans
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Laurie Gordon
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - David J. Hirst
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Dave Lugo
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Mahnoor Mahmood
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Scott McCleary
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Patricia Medeiros
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | | | | | - Armelle Le Gall
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | - Chris Patten
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Darren L. Poole
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Rishi R. Shah
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jane E. Smith
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Mythily Vimal
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Ian D. Wall
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | | | | | - Gang Yao
- GSK, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, United States
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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7
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Miao L, Tian H. Development of ERK1/2 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for tumour with MAPK upstream target mutations. J Drug Target 2019; 28:154-165. [PMID: 31340679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1648477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylate a variety of substrates that play key roles in promoting cell survival and proliferation. Many inhibitors, acting on upstream of the ERK pathway, exhibit excellent antitumor activity. However, drug-resistant tumour cells invariably emerge after their use due to the reactivation of ERK1/2 signalling. ERK1/2 inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumours with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) upstream target mutations. These inhibitors may be effective against cancers with altered MAPK upstream pathway and may be used as a possible strategy to overcome acquired resistance to MAPK inhibitors. In this review, we describe the mechanism and types of ERK1/2 inhibitors, summarise the current development status of small-molecule ERK1/2 inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, and discuss the future research directions for the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongqi Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Olea-Flores M, Zuñiga-Eulogio MD, Mendoza-Catalán MA, Rodríguez-Ruiz HA, Castañeda-Saucedo E, Ortuño-Pineda C, Padilla-Benavides T, Navarro-Tito N. Extracellular-Signal Regulated Kinase: A Central Molecule Driving Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2885. [PMID: 31200510 PMCID: PMC6627365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible cellular process, characterized by changes in gene expression and activation of proteins, favoring the trans-differentiation of the epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype. This process increases cell migration and invasion of tumor cells, progression of the cell cycle, and resistance to apoptosis and chemotherapy, all of which support tumor progression. One of the signaling pathways involved in tumor progression is the MAPK pathway. Within this family, the ERK subfamily of proteins is known for its contributions to EMT. The ERK subfamily is divided into typical (ERK 1/2/5), and atypical (ERK 3/4/7/8) members. These kinases are overexpressed and hyperactive in various types of cancer. They regulate diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy, and EMT. In this context, in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as studies in human patients, have shown that ERK favors the expression, function, and subcellular relocalization of various proteins that regulate EMT, thus promoting tumor progression. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic roles of the ERK subfamily members in EMT and tumor progression in diverse biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monserrat Olea-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miriam Daniela Zuñiga-Eulogio
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Angel Mendoza-Catalán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Hugo Alberto Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Castañeda-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Ortuño-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
| | - Teresita Padilla-Benavides
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Napoleón Navarro-Tito
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular del Cáncer, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Chilpancingo, Gro. 39090, Mexico.
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9
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In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics and metabolism of MK-8353 by liquid chromatography combined with diode array detector and Q-Exactive-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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10
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Zelina EY, Nevolina TA, Sorotskaja LN, Skvortsov DA, Trushkov IV, Uchuskin MG. A General Synthetic Route to Isomeric Pyrrolo[1,2- x][1,4]diazepinones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11747-11757. [PMID: 30148633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple one-pot method for the synthesis of isomeric pyrrolo[1,2- x][1,4]diazepinones in reasonable yields was developed. The method is based on the condensation of readily available N-Boc amino acids with biomass-derived furans containing aminoalkyl groups followed by deprotection, furan ring opening, and Paal-Knorr cyclization. Using this approach, we synthesized pyrrolo[1,2- a][1,4]diazepin-3(2 H)-ones from furfurylamines and β-amino acids and pyrrolo[1,2- d][1,4]diazepin-4(5 H)-ones from 2-(2-furyl)ethylamines and α-amino acids. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized pyrrolodiazepinones was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Y Zelina
- Perm State University , Bukireva st. 15 , Perm , 614990 , Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana A Nevolina
- Perm State University , Bukireva st. 15 , Perm , 614990 , Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila N Sorotskaja
- Kuban State Technological University , Moskovskaya st. 2 , Krasnodar , 350072 , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Moscow State University , Leninskie Gory 1-3 , Moscow , 119991 , Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Trushkov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology , Samory Mashela st. 1 , Moscow , 117997 , Russian Federation.,RUDN University , Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6 , Moscow , 117198 , Russian Federation
| | - Maxim G Uchuskin
- Perm State University , Bukireva st. 15 , Perm , 614990 , Russian Federation
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11
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Boga SB, Deng Y, Zhu L, Nan Y, Cooper AB, Shipps GW, Doll R, Shih NY, Zhu H, Sun R, Wang T, Paliwal S, Tsui HC, Gao X, Yao X, Desai J, Wang J, Alhassan AB, Kelly J, Patel M, Muppalla K, Gudipati S, Zhang LK, Buevich A, Hesk D, Carr D, Dayananth P, Black S, Mei H, Cox K, Sherborne B, Hruza AW, Xiao L, Jin W, Long B, Liu G, Taylor SA, Kirschmeier P, Windsor WT, Bishop R, Samatar AA. MK-8353: Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable Dual Mechanism ERK Inhibitor for Oncology. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:761-767. [PMID: 30034615 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and evolution of new immunological cancer therapies has sparked a rapidly growing interest in discovering novel pathways to treat cancer. Toward this aim, a novel series of pyrrolidine derivatives (compound 5) were identified as potent inhibitors of ERK1/2 with excellent kinase selectivity and dual mechanism of action but suffered from poor pharmacokinetics (PK). The challenge of PK was overcome by the discovery of a novel 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine analog 7. Lead optimization through focused structure-activity relationship led to the discovery of a clinical candidate MK-8353 suitable for twice daily oral dosing as a potential new cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana Babu Boga
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yongqi Deng
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yang Nan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan B. Cooper
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gerald W. Shipps
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ronald Doll
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Neng-Yang Shih
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hugh Zhu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Sun
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sunil Paliwal
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hon-Chung Tsui
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Xin Yao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Jagdish Desai
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - James Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Abdul Basit Alhassan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mehul Patel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kiran Muppalla
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Subrahmanyam Gudipati
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li-Kang Zhang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - David Hesk
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Donna Carr
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Priya Dayananth
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stuart Black
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Hong Mei
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Kathleen Cox
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bradley Sherborne
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Alan W. Hruza
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Weihong Jin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Brian Long
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Gongjie Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stacey A. Taylor
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Paul Kirschmeier
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - William T. Windsor
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Robert Bishop
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Ahmed A. Samatar
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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12
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Kidger AM, Sipthorp J, Cook SJ. ERK1/2 inhibitors: New weapons to inhibit the RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:45-60. [PMID: 29454854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is de-regulated in a variety of cancers due to mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), negative regulators of RAS (such as NF1) and core pathway components themselves (RAS, BRAF, CRAF, MEK1 or MEK2). This has driven the development of a variety of pharmaceutical agents to inhibit RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling in cancer and both RAF and MEK inhibitors are now approved and used in the clinic. There is now much interest in targeting at the level of ERK1/2 for a variety of reasons. First, since the pathway is linear from RAF-to-MEK-to-ERK then ERK1/2 are validated as targets per se. Second, innate resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors involves relief of negative feedback and pathway re-activation with all signalling going through ERK1/2, validating the use of ERK inhibitors with RAF or MEK inhibitors as an up-front combination. Third, long-term acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors involves a variety of mechanisms (KRAS or BRAF amplification, MEK mutation, etc.) which re-instate ERK activity, validating the use of ERK inhibitors to forestall acquired resistance to RAF or MEK inhibitors. The first potent highly selective ERK1/2 inhibitors have now been developed and are entering clinical trials. They have one of three discrete mechanisms of action - catalytic, "dual mechanism" or covalent - which could have profound consequences for how cells respond and adapt. In this review we describe the validation of ERK1/2 as anti-cancer drug targets, consider the mechanism of action of new ERK1/2 inhibitors and how this may impact on their efficacy, anticipate factors that will determine how tumour cells respond and adapt to ERK1/2 inhibitors and consider ERK1/2 inhibitor drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kidger
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom.
| | - James Sipthorp
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Cook
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, England, United Kingdom.
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13
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Boga SB, Alhassan AB, Cooper AB, Doll R, Shih NY, Shipps G, Deng Y, Zhu H, Nan Y, Sun R, Zhu L, Desai J, Patel M, Muppalla K, Gao X, Wang J, Yao X, Kelly J, Gudipati S, Paliwal S, Tsui HC, Wang T, Sherborne B, Xiao L, Hruza A, Buevich A, Zhang LK, Hesk D, Samatar AA, Carr D, Long B, Black S, Dayananth P, Windsor W, Kirschmeier P, Bishop R. Discovery of 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine ERK inhibitors for oncology. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2029-2034. [PMID: 29748051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Compound 5 (SCH772984) was identified as a potent inhibitor of ERK1/2 with excellent selectivity against a panel of kinases (0/231 kinases tested @ 100 nM) and good cell proliferation activity, but suffered from poor PK (rat AUC PK @10 mpk = 0 μM h; F% = 0) which precluded further development. In an effort to identify novel ERK inhibitors with improved PK properties with respect to 5, a systematic exploration of sterics and composition at the 3-position of the pyrrolidine led to the discovery of a novel 3(S)-thiomethyl pyrrolidine analog 28 with vastly improved PK (rat AUC PK @10 mpk = 26 μM h; F% = 70).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhana Babu Boga
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States.
| | - Abdul-Basit Alhassan
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Alan B Cooper
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Ronald Doll
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Neng-Yang Shih
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Gerald Shipps
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Yongqi Deng
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hugh Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Yang Nan
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Robert Sun
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Liang Zhu
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jagdish Desai
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Mehul Patel
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kiran Muppalla
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Xiaolei Gao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - James Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Xin Yao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Subrahmanyam Gudipati
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Sunil Paliwal
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Hon-Chung Tsui
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Tong Wang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Bradley Sherborne
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Li Xiao
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Alan Hruza
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Alexei Buevich
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Li-Kang Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - David Hesk
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Ahmed A Samatar
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Donna Carr
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Brian Long
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Stuart Black
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Priya Dayananth
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - William Windsor
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Paul Kirschmeier
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
| | - Robert Bishop
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 2015 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, United States
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14
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Heightman TD, Berdini V, Braithwaite H, Buck IM, Cassidy M, Castro J, Courtin A, Day JEH, East C, Fazal L, Graham B, Griffiths-Jones CM, Lyons JF, Martins V, Muench S, Munck JM, Norton D, O’Reilly M, Palmer N, Pathuri P, Reader M, Rees DC, Rich SJ, Richardson C, Saini H, Thompson NT, Wallis NG, Walton H, Wilsher NE, Woolford AJA, Cooke M, Cousin D, Onions S, Shannon J, Watts J, Murray CW. Fragment-Based Discovery of a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor That Modulates the Phosphorylation and Catalytic Activity of ERK1/2. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4978-4992. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom D. Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Valerio Berdini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Hannah Braithwaite
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Ildiko M. Buck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Megan Cassidy
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Juan Castro
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Aurélie Courtin
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - James E. H. Day
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Charlotte East
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Lynsey Fazal
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Brent Graham
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - John F. Lyons
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Vanessa Martins
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sandra Muench
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Joanne M. Munck
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - David Norton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Marc O’Reilly
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Nick Palmer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Puja Pathuri
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Michael Reader
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - David C. Rees
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Sharna J. Rich
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Harpreet Saini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Neil T. Thompson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Nicola G. Wallis
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Hugh Walton
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | - Nicola E. Wilsher
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, U.K
| | | | - Michael Cooke
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - David Cousin
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Stuart Onions
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - Jonathan Shannon
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, U.K
| | - John Watts
- Sygnature Discovery Ltd., BioCity, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham, NG1 1GF, U.K
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15
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Shin M, Franks CE, Hsu KL. Isoform-selective activity-based profiling of ERK signaling. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2419-2431. [PMID: 29732117 PMCID: PMC5909473 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00043c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) mediate downstream signaling of RAS-RAF-MEK as key regulators of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Activation of ERK signaling is a hallmark of cancer and upstream MAPK proteins have been extensively pursued as drug targets for cancer therapies. However, the rapid rise of resistance to clinical RAF and MEK inhibitors has prompted interest in targeting ERK (ERK1 and ERK2 isoforms) directly for cancer therapy. Current methods for evaluating activity of inhibitors against ERK isoforms are based primarily on analysis of recombinant proteins. Strategies to directly and independently profile native ERK1 and ERK2 activity would greatly complement current cell biological tools used to probe and target ERK function. Here, we present a quantitative chemoproteomic strategy that utilizes active-site directed probes to directly quantify native ERK activity in an isoform-specific fashion. We exploit a single isoleucine/leucine difference in ERK substrate binding sites to enable activity-based profiling of ERK1 versus ERK2 across a variety of cell types, tissues, and species. We used our chemoproteomic strategy to determine potency and selectivity of academic (VX-11e) and clinical (Ulixertinib) ERK inhibitors. Correlation of potency estimates by chemoproteomics with anti-proliferative activity of VX-11e and Ulixertinib revealed that >90% inactivation of both native ERK1 and ERK2 is needed to mediate cellular activity of inhibitors. Our findings introduce one of the first assays capable of independent evaluation of native ERK1 and ERK2 activity to advance drug discovery of oncogenic MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungsun Shin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319 , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , USA . ; Tel: +1-434-297-4864
| | - Caroline E Franks
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319 , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , USA . ; Tel: +1-434-297-4864
| | - Ku-Lung Hsu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Virginia , McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319 , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , USA . ; Tel: +1-434-297-4864
- Department of Pharmacology , University of Virginia , McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319 , Charlottesville , Virginia 22908 , USA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA 22903 , USA
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16
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Lebraud H, Wright DJ, East CE, Holding FP, O'Reilly M, Heightman TD. In-gel activity-based protein profiling of a clickable covalent ERK1/2 inhibitor. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2867-74. [PMID: 27385078 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00367b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In-gel activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) offers rapid assessment of the proteome-wide selectivity and target engagement of a chemical tool. Here we demonstrate the use of the inverse electron demand Diels Alder (IEDDA) click reaction for in-gel ABPP by evaluating the selectivity profile and target engagement of a covalent ERK1/2 probe tagged with a trans-cyclooctene group. The chemical probe was shown to bind covalently to Cys166 of ERK2 using protein MS and X-ray crystallography, and displayed submicromolar GI50s in A375 and HCT116 cells. In both cell lines, the probe demonstrated target engagement and a good selectivity profile at low concentrations, which was lost at higher concentrations. The IEDDA cycloaddition enabled fast and quantitative fluorescent tagging for readout with a high background-to-noise ratio and thereby provides a promising alternative to the commonly used copper catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorine Lebraud
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
| | - David J Wright
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
| | - Charlotte E East
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
| | - Finn P Holding
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
| | - Marc O'Reilly
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
| | - Tom D Heightman
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0QA, UK.
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17
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Kulkarni MR, Mane MS, Ghosh U, Sharma R, Lad NP, Srivastava A, Kulkarni-Almeida A, Kharkar PS, Khedkar VM, Pandit SS. Discovery of tetrahydrocarbazoles as dual pERK and pRb inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:366-378. [PMID: 28431342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is one of the most important molecular targets for cancer that controls diverse cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, differentiation and motility. Similarly, the Rb (retinoblastoma protein) is a tumor suppressor protein and its function is to prevent excessive cell growth by inhibiting cell cycle progression. When the cell is ready to divide, pRb is phosphorylated, becomes inactive and allows cell cycle progression. Herein, we discovered a new series of tetrahydrocarbazoles as dual inhibitors of pERK and pRb phosphorylation. The in-house small molecule library was screened for inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation, which led to the discovery of tetrahydrocarbazole series of compounds as potential leads. N-(3-methylcyclopentyl)-6-nitro-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-2-amine (1) is the dual inhibitor lead identified through screening, displaying inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation with IC50 values of 5.5 and 4.8 μM, respectively. A short structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been performed, which identified another dual inhibitor 9-methyl-N-(4-methylbenzyl)-2,3,4,4a,9,9a-hexahydro-1H-carbazol-2-amine (16) with IC50 values 4.4 and 3.5 μM for inhibition of pERK and pRb phosphorylation, respectively. This compound has a potential for further lead optimization to discover promising molecularly-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R Kulkarni
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Madhav S Mane
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Usha Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Rajiv Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Nitin P Lad
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063, India
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400063, India
| | - Asha Kulkarni-Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400063, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V. L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Shivaji S Pandit
- Post Graduate and Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist. Ahmednagar 413713, India.
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18
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Miller CJ, Muftuoglu Y, Turk BE. A high throughput assay to identify substrate-selective inhibitors of the ERK protein kinases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28647489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.06.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylate a variety of substrates important for survival and proliferation, and their activity is frequently deregulated in tumors. ERK pathway inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy as anti-cancer drugs, but most patients eventually relapse due to reactivation of the pathway. One factor limiting the efficacy of current therapeutics is the difficulty in reaching clinically effective inhibition of the ERK pathway in the absence of on-target toxicities. Here, we describe an assay suitable for high throughput screening to discover substrate selective ERK1/2 inhibitors, which may have a larger therapeutic window than conventional inhibitors. Specifically, we aim to target a substrate-binding pocket within the ERK1/2 catalytic domain outside of the catalytic cleft. The assay uses an AlphaScreen format to detect phosphorylation of a high-efficiency substrate harboring an essential docking site motif. Pilot screening established that the assay is suitably robust for high-throughput screening. Importantly, the assay can be conducted at high ATP concentrations, which we show reduces the discovery of conventional ATP-competitive inhibitors. These studies provide the basis for high-throughput screens to discover new classes of non-conventional ERK1/2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad J Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Yagmur Muftuoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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19
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Ward RA, Bethel P, Cook C, Davies E, Debreczeni JE, Fairley G, Feron L, Flemington V, Graham MA, Greenwood R, Griffin N, Hanson L, Hopcroft P, Howard TD, Hudson J, James M, Jones CD, Jones CR, Lamont S, Lewis R, Lindsay N, Roberts K, Simpson I, St-Gallay S, Swallow S, Tang J, Tonge M, Wang Z, Zhai B. Structure-Guided Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of ERK1/2 from a Modestly Active and Promiscuous Chemical Start Point. J Med Chem 2017; 60:3438-3450. [PMID: 28376306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that have either been approved or are in clinical development for oncology across a range of disease indications. The inhibition of ERK1/2 is of significant current interest, as cell lines with acquired resistance to BRAF and MEK inhibitors have been shown to maintain sensitivity to ERK1/2 inhibition in preclinical models. This article reports on our recent work to identify novel, potent, and selective reversible ERK1/2 inhibitors from a low-molecular-weight, modestly active, and highly promiscuous chemical start point, compound 4. To guide and inform the evolution of this series, inhibitor binding mode information from X-ray crystal structures was critical in the rapid exploration of this template to compound 35, which was active when tested in in vivo antitumor efficacy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Ward
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul Bethel
- AstraZeneca , Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Calum Cook
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Emma Davies
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Judit E Debreczeni
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Gary Fairley
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lyman Feron
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Vikki Flemington
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Mark A Graham
- AstraZeneca , Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Ryan Greenwood
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | - Philip Hopcroft
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Tina D Howard
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Julian Hudson
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | - Michael James
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, U.K
| | | | | | - Scott Lamont
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Richard Lewis
- AstraZeneca , Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Nicola Lindsay
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Karen Roberts
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Iain Simpson
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Steve Swallow
- AstraZeneca , Charter Way, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Jia Tang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China
| | - Michael Tonge
- IMED Oncology and Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Darwin Building, and AstraZeneca, Hodgkin Building, c/o Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China
| | - Baochang Zhai
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd. , 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing, 100176, P.R. China
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20
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Liu J, Wang L, Qing X, Zhang F, Wang T, Wang C. Synergistic NaBH 4Reduction/Cyclization of 2-Aroylcyclopropane-1-carboxylates: Synthesis of 3-Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
- Taizhou Polytechnic College; 225300 Taizhou P. R. China
| | - Xushun Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Feixiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University; 180 Siwangting Street 225002 Yangzhou P. R. China
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21
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Lebraud H, Wright DJ, Johnson CN, Heightman TD. Protein Degradation by In-Cell Self-Assembly of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:927-934. [PMID: 28058282 PMCID: PMC5200928 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Selective degradation of proteins by proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) offers a promising potential alternative to protein inhibition for therapeutic intervention. Current PROTAC molecules incorporate a ligand for the target protein, a linker, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase recruiting group, which bring together target protein and ubiquitinating machinery. Such hetero-bifunctional molecules require significant linker optimization and possess high molecular weight, which can limit cellular permeation, solubility, and other drug-like properties. We show here that the hetero-bifunctional molecule can be formed intracellularly by bio-orthogonal click combination of two smaller precursors. We designed a tetrazine tagged thalidomide derivative which reacts rapidly with a trans-cyclo-octene tagged ligand of the target protein in cells to form a cereblon E3 ligase recruiting PROTAC molecule. The in-cell click-formed proteolysis targeting chimeras (CLIPTACs) were successfully used to degrade two key oncology targets, BRD4 and ERK1/2. ERK1/2 degradation was achieved using a CLIPTAC based on a covalent inhibitor. We expect this approach to be readily extendable to other inhibitor-protein systems because the tagged E3 ligase recruiter is capable of undergoing the click reaction with a suitably tagged ligand of any protein of interest to elicit its degradation.
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22
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Lim J, Kelley EH, Methot JL, Zhou H, Petrocchi A, Chen H, Hill SE, Hinton MC, Hruza A, Jung JO, Maclean JKF, Mansueto M, Naumov GN, Philippar U, Raut S, Spacciapoli P, Sun D, Siliphaivanh P. Discovery of 1-(1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)urea Inhibitors of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK) for the Treatment of Cancers. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6501-11. [PMID: 27329786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ERK/MAPK pathway plays a central role in the regulation of critical cellular processes and is activated in more than 30% of human cancers. Specific BRAF and MEK inhibitors have shown clinical efficacy in patients for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, the majority of responses are transient, and resistance is often associated with pathway reactivation of the ERK signal pathway. Acquired resistance to these agents has led to greater interest in ERK, a downstream target of the MAPK pathway. De novo design efforts of a novel scaffold derived from SCH772984 by employing hydrogen bond interactions specific for ERK in the binding pocket identified 1-(1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-6-yl)ureas as a viable lead series. Sequential SAR studies led to the identification of highly potent and selective ERK inhibitors with low molecular weight and high LE. Compound 21 exhibited potent target engagement and strong tumor regression in the BRAF(V600E) xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwon Lim
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Kelley
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joey L Methot
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alessia Petrocchi
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hongmin Chen
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Susan E Hill
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Marlene C Hinton
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Alan Hruza
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joon O Jung
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - John K F Maclean
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - My Mansueto
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - George N Naumov
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shruti Raut
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Spacciapoli
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dongyu Sun
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- Departments of †Chemistry, ‡Oncology, §In Vitro Pharmacology, ∥In Vivo Pharmacology, ⊥Chemistry Modeling and Informatics, #Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, and ∇Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc. , 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Blake JF, Burkard M, Chan J, Chen H, Chou KJ, Diaz D, Dudley DA, Gaudino JJ, Gould SE, Grina J, Hunsaker T, Liu L, Martinson M, Moreno D, Mueller L, Orr C, Pacheco P, Qin A, Rasor K, Ren L, Robarge K, Shahidi-Latham S, Stults J, Sullivan F, Wang W, Yin J, Zhou A, Belvin M, Merchant M, Moffat J, Schwarz JB. Discovery of (S)-1-(1-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (GDC-0994), an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Inhibitor in Early Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2016; 59:5650-60. [PMID: 27227380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2 represent an essential node within the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade that is commonly activated by oncogenic mutations in BRAF or RAS or by upstream oncogenic signaling. While targeting upstream nodes with RAF and MEK inhibitors has proven effective clinically, resistance frequently develops through reactivation of the pathway. Simultaneous targeting of multiple nodes in the pathway, such as MEK and ERK, offers the prospect of enhanced efficacy as well as reduced potential for acquired resistance. Described herein is the discovery and characterization of GDC-0994 (22), an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor selective for ERK kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Blake
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Michael Burkard
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Jocelyn Chan
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Huifen Chen
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kang-Jye Chou
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Danette A Dudley
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John J Gaudino
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Stephen E Gould
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonas Grina
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Thomas Hunsaker
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Matthew Martinson
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - David Moreno
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Lars Mueller
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Orr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patricia Pacheco
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ann Qin
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Rasor
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Li Ren
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kirk Robarge
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Jeffrey Stults
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Sullivan
- Array BioPharma Inc. , 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jianping Yin
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aihe Zhou
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marcia Belvin
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Moffat
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jacob B Schwarz
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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24
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Discovery and structure activity relationship study of novel indazole amide inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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