Synthesis and evaluation of the anticoccidial activity of trifluoropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-one derivatives

Three Component One-Pot Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of New [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines

A series of new [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives was prepared using a one-pot three-component synthesis from 5-amino-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazoles, aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate. The compound structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HRMS and X-ray analyses. The biological activity of these compounds as antitumor agents was evaluated. Their antitumor activities against cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were tested by the MTT in vitro method. Among them, compounds 4c and 4j displayed the best antitumor activity with IC₅₀ values of 17.83 μM and 19.73 μM against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively, compared to the Cisplatin reference.

A century of "anticoccidial drugs": bibliometric analysis

Publications are an important measure of scientific and technological progress. The quantitative examination of the number of publications in a certain research topic is known as bibliometrics. Bibliographic studies are widely used to analyse the condition of research, future potential, and current growth patterns in a certain topic. It can serve as a basis for making decisions and implementing strategies to achieve long-term development goals. To our knowledge, no research has been conducted in these domains; so, this work aims to employ bibliometric analysis to provide comprehensive data on publications related to anticoccidial drugs. As a result, the current study uses bibliometric analysis to track the evolution of anticoccidial drugs and its consequences in the academic and public worlds via a survey of relevant scientific and popular publications. The Dimensions database was used to retrieve the bibliographical statistics, which were then cleaned and analyzed. The data was also loaded into the VOS viewer, which generated a network visualization of the authors with the most joint articles. The investigation discovered three stages of publications and citations since the first article on anticoccidial drugs in 1949. The first stage, which ran from 1920 to 1968, was characterized by a scarcity of research articles on anticoccidial drugs. From 1969 to 2000, the second stage was marked by a stable and marginally increased number of articles. The scientific field was characterized by an increasing trend in the number of publications and their citations from 2002 to 2021. The study gave a complete list of the top anticoccidial drugs funding agents, countries, research institutes, most cited publications, and important co-authorship and partnerships. The outcomes of the study will help veterinary practitioners and researchers understand the trends and best sources of knowledge in the field of anticoccidial medications.

Simple and Expedient Access to Novel Fluorinated Thiazolo- and Oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-one Derivatives and Their Functionalization via Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions

An efficient, versatile, and one-pot method for the preparation of novel fluorinated thiazolo- and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ones is described from 2-aminothiazoles or 2-amino-oxazoles and fluorinated alkynoates. This transformation, performed under transition-metal-free conditions, offers new fluorinated cyclized products with good to excellent yields. Moreover, the functionalization of these N-fused scaffolds via the Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions led to the synthesis of highly diverse thiazolo- and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-7-ones.

Efficient microwave-assisted Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 3-bromo pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5(4H)-one: towards a new access to 3,5-diarylated 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives

A convenient and efficient synthetic route to C3-arylated 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives has been reported starting from 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The arylation (heteroarylation) strategy can be performed using a wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl boronic acids and requiring a tandem catalyst XPhosPdG2/XPhos to avoid the debromination reaction. These optimized conditions were successfully extended to the synthesis of 7-, 8- and 9-arylated pyrimido[1,2-b]indazol-2-ones from their corresponding brominated starting materials. Furthermore, the second C-5 arylation of C3-arylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-ones was achieved under standard Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling conditions, after activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP, giving access to a small library of 3,5-diarylated 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields. The interest of this approach has been highlighted by the synthesis of a known anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, a preliminary biological evaluation has revealed that a number of derivatives display micromolar IC₅₀ values against monoamine oxidase B, an important target in the field of neurodegenerative disorders.

A convenient and efficient synthetic route to C3-arylated 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives has been reported starting from 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.

Pyrimido[1,2-b]indazole derivatives: Selective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase B with neuroprotective activity

Structurally diverse heterotricyclic compounds are recognized as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and thus represent an appealing scaffold in development and optimization of novel MAO inhibitors. Herein we explored the chemical space of pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as MAO inhibitors by preparing a small library of (hetero)aryl derivatives. An efficient synthetic strategy was developed starting from commercially available 1H-indazol-3-amines, which were converted to various 3-bromoheterotricyclic derivatives and further functionalized via Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction. Derivatives 4a-t selectively inhibited human MAO-B isoform in a reversible and competitive manner as confirmed by kinetic experiments and docking studies. Selected derivatives were not cytotoxic to neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, analogue 4i protected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced cell death, which confirms the applicability of the pyrimido[1,2-b]indazoles as potential antiparkinsonian agents.

Efficient Access to 3,5-Disubstituted 7-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines Involving SNAr and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions

An efficient and original synthesis of various 3,5-disubstituted 7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines is reported. A library of compounds diversely substituted in C-3 and C-5 positions was easily prepared from a common starting material, 3-bromo-7-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-one. In C-5 position, a S_NAr type reaction was achieved by first activating the C–O bond of the lactam function with PyBroP (Bromotripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate), followed by the addition of amine or thiol giving monosubstituted derivatives, whereas in C-3 position, arylation was performed via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling using the commercially available aromatic and heteroaromatic boronic acids. Moreover, trifluoromethylated analogues of potent Pim1 kinase inhibitors were designed following our concise synthetic methodology.

Efficient synthesis and preliminary biological evaluations of trifluoromethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines

Fluoromethylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines and benzimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines were synthesized through Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization reaction by condensation of 2-amino imidazole derivatives with ethyl 4,4,4-trifluorobut-2-ynate and using C–O bond activation.

Hexafluoroisopropanol mediated benign synthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones by using a domino protocol

Domino strategy has been used for the synthesis of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-2-ones. Four sequential reactions: aza-Michael addition, water elimination, intramolecular acyl substitution, and [1,3]-H shift were observed in this domino protocol. Hexafluoroisopropanol is used as a promotor and recyclable solvent in this cascade process. Availability of inexpensive 2-aminopyridines and wide variety of Michael acceptors such as commercially available acrylates and unactivated Baylis-Hillman adducts makes this methodology a huge reservoir of novel fused N-heterocycles as bioactive and potential therapeutic agents. The reaction mechanism has been proposed and rationalized by density functional theory calculation. Products are obtained up to 95% yield.