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Yao S, Chai H, Tao T, Zhang L, Yang X, Li X, Yi Z, Wang Y, An J, Wen G, Jin H, Tuo B. Role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 54:59. [PMID: 38785162 PMCID: PMC11188982 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate is a byproduct of glycolysis, and before the Warburg effect was revealed (in which glucose can be fermented in the presence of oxygen to produce lactate) it was considered a metabolic waste product. At present, lactate is not only recognized as a metabolic substrate that provides energy, but also as a signaling molecule that regulates cellular functions under pathophysiological conditions. Lactylation, a post‑translational modification, is involved in the development of various diseases, including inflammation and tumors. Liver disease is a major health challenge worldwide. In normal liver, there is a net lactate uptake caused by gluconeogenesis, exhibiting a higher net lactate clearance rate compared with any other organ. Therefore, abnormalities of lactate and lactate metabolism lead to the development of liver disease, and lactate and lactate metabolism‑related genes can be used for predicting the prognosis of liver disease. Targeting lactate production, regulating lactate transport and modulating lactylation may be potential treatment approaches for liver disease. However, currently there is not a systematic review that summarizes the role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases. In the present review, the role of lactate and lactate metabolism in liver diseases including liver fibrosis, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, acute liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma was summarized with the aim to provide insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Chai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Fuling Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 408099, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xingyue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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2
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Chen J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Zhang S. Exploring the Key Amino Acid Residues Surrounding the Active Center of Lactate Dehydrogenase A for the Development of Ideal Inhibitors. Molecules 2024; 29:2029. [PMID: 38731521 PMCID: PMC11085338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) primarily catalyzes the conversion between lactic acid and pyruvate, serving as a key enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway of sugar in tumor cells. LDHA plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development, progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune escape of tumors. Consequently, LDHA not only serves as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis but also represents an ideal target for tumor therapy. Although LDHA inhibitors show great therapeutic potential, their development has proven to be challenging. In the development of LDHA inhibitors, the key active sites of LDHA are emphasized. Nevertheless, there is a relative lack of research on the amino acid residues around the active center of LDHA. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the amino acid residues around the active center of LDHA. Through structure comparison analysis, five key amino acid residues (Ala30, Met41, Lys131, Gln233, and Ala259) were identified. Subsequently, the effects of these five residues on the enzymatic properties of LDHA were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. The results revealed that the catalytic activities of the five mutants varied to different degrees in both the reaction from lactic acid to pyruvate and pyruvate to lactic acid. Notably, the catalytic activities of LDHAM41G and LDHAK131I were improved, particularly in the case of LDHAK131I. The results of the molecular dynamics analysis of LDHAK131I explained the reasons for this phenomenon. Additionally, the optimum temperature of LDHAM41G and LDHAQ233M increased from 35 °C to 40 °C, whereas in the reverse reaction, the optimum temperature of LDHAM41G and LDHAK131I decreased from 70 °C to 60 °C. These findings indicate that Ala30, Met41, Lys131, Gln233, and Ala259 exert diverse effects on the catalytic activity and optimum temperature of LHDA. Therefore, these amino acid residues, in addition to the key catalytic site of the active center, play a crucial role. Considering these residues in the design and screening of LDHA inhibitors may lead to the development of more effective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhengfu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Fancai Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong 637009, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (J.C.); (C.C.); (Z.Z.)
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3
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Abstract
High serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are typically associated with a poor prognosis in many cancer types. Even the most effective drugs, which have radically improved outcomes in patients with melanoma over the past decade, provide only marginal benefit to those with high serum LDH levels. When viewed separately from the oncological, biochemical, biological and immunological perspectives, serum LDH is often interpreted in very different ways. Oncologists usually see high serum LDH only as a robust biomarker of a poor prognosis, and biochemists are aware of the complexity of the various LDH isoforms and of their key roles in cancer metabolism, whereas LDH is typically considered to be oncogenic and/or immunosuppressive by cancer biologists and immunologists. Integrating these various viewpoints shows that the regulation of the five LDH isoforms, and their enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions is closely related to key oncological processes. In this Review, we highlight that serum LDH is far more than a simple indicator of tumour burden; it is a complex biomarker associated with the activation of several oncogenic signalling pathways as well as with the metabolic activity, invasiveness and immunogenicity of many tumours, and constitutes an extremely attractive target for cancer therapy.
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4
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Serra M, Di Matteo M, Serneels J, Pal R, Cafarello ST, Lanza M, Sanchez-Martin C, Evert M, Castegna A, Calvisi DF, Mazzone M, Columbano A. Deletion of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A Impairs Oncogene-Induced Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:609-624. [PMID: 35714859 PMCID: PMC9307943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a multistep process whereby abnormally proliferating cancer cells undergo extensive metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis depend on the activation of specific oncogenes, thus partially explaining HCC heterogeneity. c-Myc oncogene overexpression, frequently observed in human HCCs, leads to a metabolic rewiring toward a Warburg phenotype and production of lactate, resulting in the acidification of the extracellular space, favoring the emergence of an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigated whether Ldha genetic ablation interferes with metabolic reprogramming and HCC development in the mouse. METHODS We characterized the metabolic reprogramming in tumors induced in C57BL/6J mice hydrodynamically cotransfected with c-Myc and h-Ras. Using the same experimental model, we investigated the effect of Ldha inhibition-gained through the inducible and hepatocyte-specific Ldha knockout-on cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, number and size of HCC lesions, and tumor microenvironment alterations. RESULTS c-Myc/h-Ras-driven tumors display a striking glycolytic metabolism, suggesting a switch to a Warburg phenotype. The tumors also exhibited enhanced pentose phosphate pathway activity, the switch of glutamine to sustain glutathione synthesis instead of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, Ldha abrogation significantly hampered tumor number and size together with an evident inhibition of the Warburg-like metabolic feature and a remarkable increase of CD4+ lymphocytes compared with Ldha wild-type livers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that Ldha deletion significantly impairs mouse HCC development and suggest lactate dehydrogenase as a potential target to enhance the efficacy of the current therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Di Matteo
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Serneels
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajesh Pal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sarah Trusso Cafarello
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Lanza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Martin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matthias Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amedeo Columbano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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5
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Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11020074. [PMID: 33513899 PMCID: PMC7912158 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
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Mohtasham N, Ayatollahi H, Saghravanian N, Zare R, Shakeri MT, Sahebkar A, Mohajertehran F. Evaluation of Tissue and Serum Expression Levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2072-2078. [PMID: 31660843 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191014160818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality all over the world. We explored the role of mRNA expression of both subunits of LDH in the early diagnosis of HNSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a case-control study on 62 healthy individuals and 62 patients with HNSCC. The expression of LDH in tumors and healthy tissue margins, and in the serum of both HNSCC patients and healthy individuals was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method. Analysis of LDH-A and LDH-B expression and sensitivity-specificity analysis were carried out using SPSS software. RESULTS mRNA expression levels of LDH-A (4.18±1.29) and LDH-B (2.85±1.07) isoenzymes in tumor tissues were significantly higher than the expressions in the corresponding healthy tissue margins (1.85±0.56 and 1.61±0.56 for LDH-A and LDH-B, respectively). A comparison of LDH-B expression between histological grade I tumor tissue (2.74±0.19) and marginal tissue (1.62±0.90) showed a significant difference (P=0.016). Patients with a positive history of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking had significantly higher mRNA expression of LDH-A (P=0.024) and LDH-B (P=0.03) in the marginal tissue and blood, respectively. The highest sensitivity and specificity values pertained to the mRNA expression of LDH-A (90.9%) and LDH-B (85.5%) in the blood. CONCLUSION This is the first study reporting LDH gene expression as a biomarker in blood and tumoral tissue of HNSCC patients. Given the highest sensitivity and specificity values for LDH-A and LDH-B in blood, we recommend the simultaneous evaluation of both LDH isoenzymes in blood samples as a potential diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Mohtasham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Ayatollahi
- Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Department of Hematology and Blood Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Saghravanian
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Shakeri
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Mohajertehran
- Oral and Maxillofacial Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Friberg A, Rehwinkel H, Nguyen D, Pütter V, Quanz M, Weiske J, Eberspächer U, Heisler I, Langer G. Structural Evidence for Isoform-Selective Allosteric Inhibition of Lactate Dehydrogenase A. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13034-13041. [PMID: 32548488 PMCID: PMC7288559 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is frequently overexpressed in tumors, thereby sustaining high glycolysis rates, tumor growth, and chemoresistance. High-throughput screening resulted in the identification of phthalimide and dibenzofuran derivatives as novel lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors, selectively inhibiting the activity of the LDHA isoenzyme. Cocrystallization experiments confirmed target engagement in addition to demonstrating binding to a novel allosteric binding site present in all four LDHA subunits of the LDH5 homotetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Friberg
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Hartmut Rehwinkel
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Pütter
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Quanz
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Weiske
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Eberspächer
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iring Heisler
- Bayer
AG, Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Aprather Weg 18A, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gernot Langer
- Bayer AG,
Pharmaceuticals, R&D, Müllerstrasse 178, 13342 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail:
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8
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Laganá G, Barreca D, Calderaro A, Bellocco E. Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibition: Biochemical Relevance and Therapeutical Potential. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3242-3252. [PMID: 28183261 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170209103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) is a key enzyme of anaerobic metabolism in almost all living organisms and it is also a functional checkpoint for glucose restoration during gluconeogenesis and single-stranded DNA metabolism. This enzyme has a well preserved structure during evolution and among the species, with little, but sometimes very useful, changes in the amino acid sequence, which makes it an attractive target for the design and construction of functional molecules able to modulate its catalytic potential and expression. Research has focused mainly on the selection of modulator especially as far as LDH isozymes (especially LDH-5) and lactate dehydrogenases of Plasmodium falciparum (pfLDH) are concerned. This review summarizes the recent advances in the design and development of inhibitors, pointing out their specificity and therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Laganá
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Davide Barreca
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- University of Messina, Dept. of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
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10
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Wolpaw AJ, Dang CV. Exploiting Metabolic Vulnerabilities of Cancer with Precision and Accuracy. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:201-212. [PMID: 29229182 PMCID: PMC5818322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Links between oncogenic drivers and cancer cell metabolism have emerged over the past several decades, indicating that constitutive oncogenic growth signaling can render cancers susceptible to metabolic interventions. While significant progress has been achieved in the identification of metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer cells, the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the dynamic nature of organismal circadian metabolism challenge the precision of targeting cancer metabolism. Here current progress in the areas of cancer metabolism and TME metabolism is reviewed, highlighting how cancer metabolism can be accurately and precisely targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Wolpaw
- Divisions of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chi V Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10017, USA; The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Poli G, Granchi C, Aissaoui M, Minutolo F, Tuccinardi T. Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Interactions between hLDH5 and Its Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122217. [PMID: 29236080 PMCID: PMC6149858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase (hLDH5)—the enzyme responsible for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate coupled with oxidation of NADH to NAD+—are promising therapeutic agents against cancer because this enzyme is generally found to be overexpressed in most invasive cancer cells and is linked to their vitality especially under hypoxic conditions. Consequently, significant efforts have been made for the identification of small-molecule hLDH5 inhibitors displaying high inhibitory potencies. X-ray structure of hLDH5 complexes as well as molecular modeling studies contribute to identify and explain the main binding modes of hLDH5 inhibitors reported in literature. The purpose of this review is to analyze the main three-dimensional interactions between some of the most potent inhibitors and hLDH5, in order to provide useful suggestions for the design of new derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Poli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
| | | | - Mohamed Aissaoui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Badji Mokhtar, Sidi Amar-Annaba-B.P. 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria.
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12
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Fang A, Zhang Q, Fan H, Zhou Y, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Huang X. Discovery of human lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibitors as anticancer agents to inhibit the proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1720-1726. [PMID: 30108883 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in the area of cancer metabolism. Herein, we report the discovery of novel LDHA inhibitors through docking-based virtual screening and biological assays. The primary enzymatic assay suggested that compound 11 targeted LDHA with an IC50 value of 0.33 μM. The in vitro cytotoxic assay demonstrated that compound 11 reduced the growth of MG-63 cancer cells with an EC50 value of 3.35 μM. Finally, we found that compound 11 induced the apoptosis of MG-63 cancer cells in a dose dependent manner, upregulated the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and decreased the lactate formation and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in MG-63 cancer cells. Collectively, our data suggested that compound 11 could be a promising lead for the development of potent LDHA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Fang
- West China School of Public Health/No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , Sichuan , P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- West China School of Public Health/No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Haibo Fan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery , The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) , Shenzhen , 518020 , Guangdong , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 0755 2553 3018
| | - Yaying Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery , The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) , Shenzhen , 518020 , Guangdong , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 0755 2553 3018
| | - Yuqin Yao
- West China School of Public Health/No. 4 West China Teaching Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , Sichuan , P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy , West China Hospital , Sichuan University , Chengdu , 610041 , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery , The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) , Shenzhen , 518020 , Guangdong , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 0755 2553 3018
| | - Xiaojun Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery , The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital) , Shenzhen , 518020 , Guangdong , P.R. China . ; Tel: +86 0755 2553 3018
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13
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Purkey HE, Robarge K, Chen J, Chen Z, Corson LB, Ding CZ, DiPasquale AG, Dragovich PS, Eigenbrot C, Evangelista M, Fauber BP, Gao Z, Ge H, Hitz A, Ho Q, Labadie SS, Lai KW, Liu W, Liu Y, Li C, Ma S, Malek S, O’Brien T, Pang J, Peterson D, Salphati L, Sideris S, Ultsch M, Wei B, Yen I, Yue Q, Zhang H, Zhou A. Cell Active Hydroxylactam Inhibitors of Human Lactate Dehydrogenase with Oral Bioavailability in Mice. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:896-901. [PMID: 27774125 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of trisubstituted hydroxylactams was identified as potent enzymatic and cellular inhibitors of human lactate dehydrogenase A. Utilizing structure-based design and physical property optimization, multiple inhibitors were discovered with <10 μM lactate IC50 in a MiaPaca2 cell line. Optimization of the series led to 29, a potent cell active molecule (MiaPaca2 IC50 = 0.67 μM) that also possessed good exposure when dosed orally to mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans E. Purkey
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kirk Robarge
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Laura B. Corson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Z. Ding
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Antonio G. DiPasquale
- College
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Charles Eigenbrot
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marie Evangelista
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fauber
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Zhenting Gao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Hongxiu Ge
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Anna Hitz
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qunh Ho
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Sharada S. Labadie
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Yajing Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Chiho Li
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Ma
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Shiva Malek
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas O’Brien
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Peterson
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steve Sideris
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Ultsch
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ivana Yen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Qin Yue
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Huihui Zhang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd. 288
Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Aihe Zhou
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Lactate dehydrogenase inhibition: exploring possible applications beyond cancer treatment. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:713-25. [PMID: 27054686 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.16.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibition is considered a worthwhile attempt in the development of innovative anticancer strategies. Unfortunately, in spite of the involvement of several research institutions and pharma-companies, the discovery of LDH inhibitors with drug-like properties seems a hardly resolvable challenge. While awaiting new advancements, in the present review we will examine other pathologic conditions characterized by increased glycolysis and LDH activity, which could potentially benefit from LDH inhibition. The rationale for targeting LDH activity in these contexts is the same justifying the LDH-based approach in anticancer therapy: because of the enzyme position at the end of glycolytic pathway, LDH inhibitors are not expected to hinder glucose metabolism of normal cells. Moreover, we will summarize the latest contributions in the discovery of enzyme inhibitors and try to glance over the reasons underlying the complexity of this research.
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