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Feng Y, Shao S, Zhou X, Wei W, Liu X, Tang Y, Hua Y, Zheng J, Zhang Y, Ying X. Enhancing the Catalytic Activity of Glycolate Oxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through Semi-Rational Design. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1689. [PMID: 37512862 PMCID: PMC10385363 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase is a peroxisomal flavoprotein catalyzing the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate and plays crucial metabolic roles in green algae, plants, and animals. It could serve as a biocatalyst for enzymatic production of glyoxylate, a fine chemical with a wide variety of applications in perfumery, flavor, and the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. However, the low catalytic activity of native glycolate oxidase and low levels of active enzyme in heterologous expression limit its practical use in industrial biocatalysis. Herein, the glycolate oxidase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CreGO) was selected through phylogenetic tree analysis, and its low level of soluble expression in E. coli BL21(DE3) was improved through the use of the glutathione thioltransferase (GST), the choice of the vector pET22b and the optimization of induction conditions. The semi-rational design of the fusion enzyme GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO led to the superior variant GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO-Y27S/V111G/V212R with the kcat/Km value of 29.2 s-1·mM-1, which was six times higher than that of the wild type. In contrast to GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO, 5 mg/mL of crude enzyme GST-Gly-Ser-Gly-CreGO-Y27S/V111G/V212R together with 25 μg/mL of catalase catalyzed the oxidation of 300 mM of methyl glycolate for 8 h, increasing the yield from 50.4 to 93.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuhao Hua
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yinjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangxian Ying
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Yao Z, Rao Z, Hou S, Tian C, Liu CY, Yang X, Zhu G. The appropriate expression and coordination of glycolate oxidase and catalase are vital to the successful construction of the photorespiratory metabolic pathway. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:999757. [PMID: 36388585 PMCID: PMC9647076 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration has emerged as a hotspot in the evolution of photosynthesis owing to the energy loss during the process. To ensure the physiological functions of photorespiration such as light protection, H2O2 signaling, and stress resistance, separate the photorespiration glycolic acid flow, and minimize photorespiration loss, a balance must be maintained during the construction of photorespiratory metabolic branch. In this study, glycolate oxidase (GLO) and catalase (CAT) were introduced into potato (Solanum tuberosum) chloroplasts through the expression of fusion protein. Through the examination of phenotypic characteristics, photosynthesis, anatomical structure, and enzyme activity, the efficiency of the photorespiration pathway was demonstrated. The results showed that certain transgenic lines plants had shorter plant height and deformed leaves and tubers in addition to the favorable photosynthetic phenotypes of thicker leaves and larger and denser mesophyll cells. By Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining analysis of the leaves, the intermediate H2O2 could not be decomposed in time to cause biomass decline and malformation, and the excessive glycolate shunt formed by the overexpression of the fusion protein affected other important physiological activities. Hence, the appropriate and coordinated expression of glycolate oxidase and catalase is essential for the establishment of photorespiration pathways in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zelai Rao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Finance and Economics, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - ShuWang Hou
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Changwei Tian
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiulan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Guicai Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare and severe autosomal recessive disease of oxalate metabolism, resulting from a mutation in the AGXT gene that encodes the hepatic peroxisomal enzyme alanine–glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). Until recently, treatment of PH1 was supportive, consisting of intensive hyperhydration, use of crystallization inhibitors (citrate and neutral phosphorus), in a subset of responsive PH1 patients’ pharmacologic doses of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), and kidney and liver transplantation when patients progressed to kidney failure. Treatment approaches have been similar for PH2 caused by mutations in hepatic glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GR/HPR), although pyridoxine does not have any benefit in this group. PH3 is caused by mutations of mitochondrial 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA1) and was the most recently described. Kidney failure appears less common in PH3, although kidney stones occur as frequently as in PH1 and PH2. Oxalate metabolism in the liver is complex. Novel therapies based on RNA interference (RNAi) have recently emerged to modulate these pathways, designed to deplete substrate for enzymes upstream and decrease/avoid oxalate production. Two hepatic enzymes have been targeted to date in PH: glycolate oxidase (GO) with lumasiran and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) with nedosiran. Lumasiran was approved for the treatment of PH1 in 2020 by both the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration, whilst clinical trials with nedosiran are ongoing. Results with the two RNAi therapies demonstrate a significant reduction of urinary oxalate excretion in PH1 patients, but long-term data on efficacy (preservation of kidney function, decreased stone events) and safety remain to be established. Nevertheless, the hepatically targeted RNAi approach represents a potential ‘game changer’ in the field of PH1, bringing hope to families and patients that they may be able to avoid liver and/or kidney transplantation in the future and suffer fewer stone events, perhaps with less strict therapeutic regimens. Pharmacological compounds directly inhibiting GO or LDH are also under development and could be of special interest in developing countries where RNAi therapies may not be readily available in the near future. Approaches to manipulate the intestinal microbiome with a goal to increase oxalate degradation or to stimulate secretion of oxalate into the intestine from plasma are also under development. Overall, we appear to be entering a new phase of PH treatment, with an array of promising approaches emerging that will need optimization and evaluation to establish long-term efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bacchetta
- Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares Néphrogones, Filières Maladies Rares ORKID et ERK-Net, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - John C Lieske
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Launay A, Jolivet S, Clément G, Zarattini M, Dellero Y, Le Hir R, Jossier M, Hodges M, Expert D, Fagard M. DspA/E-Triggered Non-Host Resistance against E. amylovora Depends on the Arabidopsis GLYCOLATE OXIDASE 2 Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084224. [PMID: 35457046 PMCID: PMC9029980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
DspA/E is a type three effector injected by the pathogenic bacterium Erwinia amylovora inside plant cells. In non-host Arabidopsis thaliana, DspA/E inhibits seed germination, root growth, de novo protein synthesis and triggers localized cell death. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we performed EMS mutagenesis on a transgenic line, 13-1-2, containing an inducible dspA/E gene. We identified three suppressor mutants, two of which belonged to the same complementation group. Both were resistant to the toxic effects of DspA/E. Metabolome analysis showed that the 13-1-2 line was depleted in metabolites of the TCA cycle and accumulated metabolites associated with cell death and defense. TCA cycle and cell-death associated metabolite levels were respectively increased and reduced in both suppressor mutants compared to the 13-1-2 line. Whole genome sequencing indicated that both suppressor mutants displayed missense mutations in conserved residues of Glycolate oxidase 2 (GOX2), a photorespiratory enzyme that we confirmed to be localized in the peroxisome. Leaf GOX activity increased in leaves infected with E. amylovora in a DspA/E-dependent manner. Moreover, the gox2-2 KO mutant was more sensitive to E. amylovora infection and displayed reduced JA-signaling. Our results point to a role for glycolate oxidase in type II non-host resistance and to the importance of central metabolic functions in controlling growth/defense balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Launay
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Sylvie Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Marco Zarattini
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Younes Dellero
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (Y.D.); (M.J.); (M.H.)
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (Y.D.); (M.J.); (M.H.)
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Michael Hodges
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France; (Y.D.); (M.J.); (M.H.)
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Dominique Expert
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
| | - Mathilde Fagard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France; (A.L.); (S.J.); (G.C.); (M.Z.); (R.L.H.); (D.E.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Dellero Y, Mauve C, Jossier M, Hodges M. The Impact of Photorespiratory Glycolate Oxidase Activity on Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Soluble Amino Acid Pool Sizes during Acclimation to Low Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080501. [PMID: 34436442 PMCID: PMC8399254 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Photorespiration is a metabolic process that removes toxic 2-phosphoglycolate produced by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. It is essential for plant growth under ambient air, and it can play an important role under stress conditions that reduce CO2 entry into the leaf thus enhancing photorespiration. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of photorespiration on Arabidopsis thaliana leaf amino acid metabolism under low atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To achieve this, wild-type plants and photorespiratory glycolate oxidase (gox) mutants were given either short-term (4 h) or long-term (1 to 8 d) low atmospheric CO2 concentration treatments and leaf amino acid levels were measured and analyzed. Low CO2 treatments rapidly decreased net CO2 assimilation rate and triggered a broad reconfiguration of soluble amino acids. The most significant changes involved photorespiratory Gly and Ser, aromatic and branched-chain amino acids as well as Ala, Asp, Asn, Arg, GABA and homoSer. While the Gly/Ser ratio increased in all Arabidopsis lines between air and low CO2 conditions, low CO2 conditions led to a higher increase in both Gly and Ser contents in gox1 and gox2.2 mutants when compared to wild-type and gox2.1 plants. Results are discussed with respect to potential limiting enzymatic steps with a special emphasis on photorespiratory aminotransferase activities and the complexity of photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant Protection (IGEPP), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (M.H.)
| | - Caroline Mauve
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, National Committee of Scientific Research (CNRS), National Institute for Research for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Université d’Evry, Université de Paris, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (C.M.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (M.H.)
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6
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Forbes TA, Brown BD, Lai C. Therapeutic RNA interference: A novel approach to the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 88:2525-2538. [PMID: 34022071 PMCID: PMC9291495 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural biological pathway that inhibits gene expression by targeted degradation or translational inhibition of cytoplasmic mRNA by the RNA induced silencing complex. RNAi has long been exploited in laboratory research to study the biological consequences of the reduced expression of a gene of interest. More recently RNAi has been demonstrated as a therapeutic avenue for rare metabolic diseases. This review presents an overview of the cellular RNAi machinery as well as therapeutic RNAi design and delivery. As a clinical example we present primary hyperoxaluria, an ultrarare inherited disease of increased hepatic oxalate production which leads to recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones. In the most common form of the disease (Type 1), end‐stage kidney disease occurs in childhood or young adulthood, often necessitating combined kidney and liver transplantation. In this context we discuss nedosiran (Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) and lumasiran (Alnylam Pharmaceuticals), which are both novel RNAi therapies for primary hyperoxaluria that selectively reduce hepatic expression of lactate dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase respectively, reducing hepatic oxalate production and urinary oxalate levels. Finally, we consider future optimizations advances in RNAi therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Forbes
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Moya-Garzon MD, Gomez-Vidal JA, Alejo-Armijo A, Altarejos J, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Fernandes MX, Salido E, Salido S, Diaz-Gavilan M. Small Molecule-Based Enzyme Inhibitors in the Treatment of Primary Hyperoxalurias. J Pers Med 2021; 11:74. [PMID: 33513899 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are a group of inherited alterations of the hepatic glyoxylate metabolism. PHs classification based on gene mutations parallel a variety of enzymatic defects, and all involve the harmful accumulation of calcium oxalate crystals that produce systemic damage. These geographically widespread rare diseases have a deep impact in the life quality of the patients. Until recently, treatments were limited to palliative measures and kidney/liver transplants in the most severe forms. Efforts made to develop pharmacological treatments succeeded with the biotechnological agent lumasiran, a siRNA product against glycolate oxidase, which has become the first effective therapy to treat PH1. However, small molecule drugs have classically been preferred since they benefit from experience and have better pharmacological properties. The development of small molecule inhibitors designed against key enzymes of glyoxylate metabolism is on the focus of research. Enzyme inhibitors are successful and widely used in several diseases and their pharmacokinetic advantages are well known. In PHs, effective enzymatic targets have been determined and characterized for drug design and interesting inhibitory activities have been achieved both in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the most recent advances towards the development of small molecule enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of PHs, introducing the multi-target approach as a more effective and safe therapeutic option.
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Jossier M, Liu Y, Massot S, Hodges M. Enzymatic Properties of Recombinant Phospho-Mimetic Photorespiratory Glycolate Oxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. Plants (Basel) 2019; 9:plants9010027. [PMID: 31878154 PMCID: PMC7020226 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthetic organisms, the photorespiratory cycle is an essential pathway leading to the recycling of 2-phosphoglycolate, produced by the oxygenase activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, to 3-phosphoglycerate. Although photorespiration is a widely studied process, its regulation remains poorly understood. In this context, phosphoproteomics studies have detected six phosphorylation sites associated with photorespiratory glycolate oxidases from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGOX1 and AtGOX2). Phosphorylation sites at T4, T158, S212 and T265 were selected and studied using Arabidopsis and maize recombinant glycolate oxidase (GOX) proteins mutated to produce either phospho-dead or phospho-mimetic enzymes in order to compare their kinetic parameters. Phospho-mimetic mutations (T4D, T158D and T265D) led to a severe inhibition of GOX activity without altering the KM glycolate. In two cases (T4D and T158D), this was associated with the loss of the cofactor, flavin mononucleotide. Phospho-dead versions exhibited different modifications according to the phospho-site and/or the GOX mutated. Indeed, all T4V and T265A enzymes had kinetic parameters similar to wild-type GOX and all T158V proteins showed low activities while S212A and S212D mutations had no effect on AtGOX1 activity and AtGOX2/ZmGO1 activities were 50% reduced. Taken together, our results suggest that GOX phosphorylation has the potential to modulate GOX activity.
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9
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Lai C, Pursell N, Gierut J, Saxena U, Zhou W, Dills M, Diwanji R, Dutta C, Koser M, Nazef N, Storr R, Kim B, Martin-Higueras C, Salido E, Wang W, Abrams M, Dudek H, Brown BD. Specific Inhibition of Hepatic Lactate Dehydrogenase Reduces Oxalate Production in Mouse Models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1983-95. [PMID: 29914758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary hyperoxalurias (PHs) are autosomal recessive disorders caused by the overproduction of oxalate leading to calcium oxalate precipitation in the kidney and eventually to end-stage renal disease. One promising strategy to treat PHs is to reduce the hepatic production of oxalate through substrate reduction therapy by inhibiting liver-specific glycolate oxidase (GO), which controls the conversion of glycolate to glyoxylate, the proposed main precursor to oxalate. Alternatively, diminishing the amount of hepatic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) expression, the proposed key enzyme responsible for converting glyoxylate to oxalate, should directly prevent the accumulation of oxalate in PH patients. Using RNAi, we provide the first in vivo evidence in mammals to support LDH as the key enzyme responsible for converting glyoxylate to oxalate. In addition, we demonstrate that reduction of hepatic LDH achieves efficient oxalate reduction and prevents calcium oxalate crystal deposition in genetically engineered mouse models of PH types 1 (PH1) and 2 (PH2), as well as in chemically induced PH mouse models. Repression of hepatic LDH in mice did not cause any acute elevation of circulating liver enzymes, lactate acidosis, or exertional myopathy, suggesting further evaluation of liver-specific inhibition of LDH as a potential approach for treating PH1 and PH2 is warranted.
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Williams A, Pétriacq P, Schwarzenbacher RE, Beerling DJ, Ton J. Mechanisms of glacial-to-future atmospheric CO 2 effects on plant immunity. New Phytol 2018; 218:752-761. [PMID: 29424932 PMCID: PMC5873421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on plant disease have received increasing attention, but with little consensus emerging on the direct mechanisms by which CO2 shapes plant immunity. Furthermore, the impact of sub-ambient CO2 concentrations, which plants have experienced repeatedly over the past 800 000 yr, has been largely overlooked. A combination of gene expression analysis, phenotypic characterisation of mutants and mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling was used to determine development-independent effects of sub-ambient CO2 (saCO2 ) and elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) on Arabidopsis immunity. Resistance to the necrotrophic Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Pc) was repressed at saCO2 and enhanced at eCO2 . This CO2 -dependent resistance was associated with priming of jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent gene expression and required intact JA biosynthesis and signalling. Resistance to the biotrophic oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) increased at both eCO2 and saCO2 . Although eCO2 primed salicylic acid (SA)-dependent gene expression, mutations affecting SA signalling only partially suppressed Hpa resistance at eCO2 , suggesting additional mechanisms are involved. Induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at saCO2 corresponded to a loss of resistance in glycolate oxidase mutants and increased transcription of the peroxisomal catalase gene CAT2, unveiling a mechanism by which photorespiration-derived ROS determined Hpa resistance at saCO2 . By separating indirect developmental impacts from direct immunological effects, we uncover distinct mechanisms by which CO2 shapes plant immunity and discuss their evolutionary significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Williams
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- P Institute for Translational Soil and Plant BiologyDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Pierre Pétriacq
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- P Institute for Translational Soil and Plant BiologyDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- biOMICS FacilityDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Roland E. Schwarzenbacher
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- P Institute for Translational Soil and Plant BiologyDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - David J. Beerling
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- P Institute for Translational Soil and Plant BiologyDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
| | - Jurriaan Ton
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
- P Institute for Translational Soil and Plant BiologyDepartment of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS10 2TNUK
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Hagemann M, Kern R, Maurino VG, Hanson DT, Weber APM, Sage RF, Bauwe H. Evolution of photorespiration from cyanobacteria to land plants, considering protein phylogenies and acquisition of carbon concentrating mechanisms. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:2963-76. [PMID: 26931168 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration and oxygenic photosynthesis are intimately linked processes. It has been shown that under the present day atmospheric conditions cyanobacteria and all eukaryotic phototrophs need functional photorespiration to grow autotrophically. The question arises as to when this essential partnership evolved, i.e. can we assume a coevolution of both processes from the beginning or did photorespiration evolve later to compensate for the generation of 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG) due to Rubisco's oxygenase reaction? This question is mainly discussed here using phylogenetic analysis of proteins involved in the 2PG metabolism and the acquisition of different carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). The phylogenies revealed that the enzymes involved in the photorespiration of vascular plants have diverse origins, with some proteins acquired from cyanobacteria as ancestors of the chloroplasts and others from heterotrophic bacteria as ancestors of mitochondria in the plant cell. Only phosphoglycolate phosphatase was found to originate from Archaea. Notably glaucophyte algae, the earliest branching lineage of Archaeplastida, contain more photorespiratory enzymes of cyanobacterial origin than other algal lineages or land plants indicating a larger initial contribution of cyanobacterial-derived proteins to eukaryotic photorespiration. The acquisition of CCMs is discussed as a proxy for assessing the timing of periods when photorespiratory activity may have been enhanced. The existence of CCMs also had marked influence on the structure and function of photorespiration. Here, we discuss evidence for an early and continuous coevolution of photorespiration, CCMs and photosynthesis starting from cyanobacteria via algae, to land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hagemann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ramona Kern
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- University of Düsseldorf, Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants and Biotechnology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Abteilung Pflanzenphysiologie, A.- Einstein-Str. 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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12
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Rademacher N, Kern R, Fujiwara T, Mettler-Altmann T, Miyagishima SY, Hagemann M, Eisenhut M, Weber APM. Photorespiratory glycolate oxidase is essential for the survival of the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae under ambient CO2 conditions. J Exp Bot 2016; 67:3165-75. [PMID: 26994474 PMCID: PMC4867895 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is essential for all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. The evolution of photorespiratory metabolism began among cyanobacteria and led to a highly compartmented pathway in plants. A molecular understanding of photorespiration in eukaryotic algae, such as glaucophytes, rhodophytes, and chlorophytes, is essential to unravel the evolution of this pathway. However, mechanistic detail of the photorespiratory pathway in red algae is scarce. The unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae represents a model for the red lineage. Its genome is fully sequenced, and tools for targeted gene engineering are available. To study the function and importance of photorespiration in red algae, we chose glycolate oxidase (GOX) as the target. GOX catalyses the conversion of glycolate into glyoxylate, while hydrogen peroxide is generated as a side-product. The function of the candidate GOX from C. merolae was verified by the fact that recombinant GOX preferred glycolate over L-lactate as a substrate. Yellow fluorescent protein-GOX fusion proteins showed that GOX is targeted to peroxisomes in C. merolae The GOX knockout mutant lines showed a high-carbon-requiring phenotype with decreased growth and reduced photosynthetic activity compared to the wild type under ambient air conditions. Metabolite analyses revealed glycolate and glycine accumulation in the mutant cells after a shift from high CO2 conditions to ambient air. In summary, or results demonstrate that photorespiratory metabolism is essential for red algae. The use of a peroxisomal GOX points to a high photorespiratory flux as an ancestral feature of all photosynthetic eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Rademacher
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ramona Kern
- University Rostock, Department Plant Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Takayuki Fujiwara
- Division of Symbiosis and Cell Evolution, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Shin-Ya Miyagishima
- Division of Symbiosis and Cell Evolution, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Shizuoka, Japan Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Saitama, Japan
| | - Martin Hagemann
- University Rostock, Department Plant Physiology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marion Eisenhut
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas P M Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Photorespiration is one of the major carbon metabolism pathways in oxygen-producing photosynthetic organisms. This pathway recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG), a toxic metabolite, to 3-phosphoglycerate when ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) uses oxygen instead of carbon dioxide. The photorespiratory cycle is in competition with photosynthetic CO2 fixation and it is accompanied by carbon, nitrogen and energy losses. Thus, photorespiration has become a target to improve crop yields. Moreover, during the photorespiratory cycle intermediate metabolites that are toxic to Calvin-Benson cycle and RuBisCO activities, such as 2-PG, glycolate and glyoxylate, are produced. Thus, the presence of an efficient 2-PG/glycolate/glyoxylate 'detoxification' pathway is required to ensure normal development of photosynthetic organisms. Here we review our current knowledge concerning the enzymes that carry out the glycolate-glyoxylate metabolic steps of photorespiration from glycolate production in the chloroplasts to the synthesis of glycine in the peroxisomes. We describe the properties of the proteins involved in glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism in Archaeplastida and the phenotypes observed when knocking down/out these specific photorespiratory players. Advances in our understanding of the regulation of glycolate-glyoxylate metabolism are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younès Dellero
- Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Jossier
- Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hodges
- Institut of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris Diderot, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât 630, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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14
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Cui LL, Lu YS, Li Y, Yang C, Peng XX. Overexpression of Glycolate Oxidase Confers Improved Photosynthesis under High Light and High Temperature in Rice. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1165. [PMID: 27540387 PMCID: PMC4972838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
While glycolate oxidase (GLO) is well known as a key enzyme for the photorespiratory metabolism in plants, its physiological function and mechanism remains to be further clarified. Our previous studies have shown that suppression of GLO in rice leads to stunted growth and inhibited photosynthesis (Pn) which is positively and linearly correlated with decreased GLO activities. It is, therefore, of interest to further understand whether Pn can be improved when GLO is up-regulated? In this study, four independent overexpression rice lines, with gradient increases in GLO activity, were generated and functionally analyzed. Phenotypic observations showed that the growth could be improved when GLO activities were increased by 60 or 100%, whereas reduced growth was noticed when the activity was further increased by 150 or 210%. As compared with WT plants, all the overexpression plants exhibited significantly improved Pn under conditions of high light and high temperature, but not under normal conditions. In addition, the overexpression plants were more resistant to the MV-induced photooxidative stress. It was further demonstrated that the antioxidant enzymes, and the antioxidant metabolite glutathione was not significantly altered in the overexpression plants. In contrast, H2O2 and salicylic acid (SA) were correspondingly induced upon the GLO overexpression. Taken together, the results suggest that GLO may play an important role for plants to cope with high light and high temperature, and that H2O2 and SA may serve as signaling molecules to trigger stress defense responses but antioxidant reactions appear not to be involved in the defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yu-sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Xiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xin-Xiang Peng,
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15
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Bai YR, Yang P, Su YY, He ZL, Ti XN. Effect of exogenous methanol on glycolate oxidase and photorespiratory intermediates in cotton. J Exp Bot 2014; 65:5331-5338. [PMID: 25053644 PMCID: PMC4400538 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Application of methanol (MeOH) inhibits photorespiration and enhances growth and yield in C3 plants. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar application of MeOH (30%, v/v) on glycolate oxidase (GO) activity and photorespiratory intermediates in cotton leaves in a field experiment. MeOH treatment significantly inhibited GO activity (by 30% compared with the controls). We also found that endogenous glyoxylate, a photorespiratory intermediate, increased and glycine decreased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. Serine increased significantly in MeOH-treated plants. These results thus demonstrated that exogenous MeOH can modulate GO activity and the production of photorespiratory intermediates, and sheds new lights on our current understanding of how exogenous MeOH inhibits photorespiration and enhances the growth and yield of C3 plants such as cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ru Bai
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Su
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Zong-Ling He
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Ti
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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16
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Sewelam N, Jaspert N, Van Der Kelen K, Tognetti VB, Schmitz J, Frerigmann H, Stahl E, Zeier J, Van Breusegem F, Maurino VG. Spatial H2O2 signaling specificity: H2O2 from chloroplasts and peroxisomes modulates the plant transcriptome differentially. Mol Plant 2014; 7:1191-210. [PMID: 24908268 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) operates as a signaling molecule in eukaryotes, but the specificity of its signaling capacities remains largely unrevealed. Here, we analyzed whether a moderate production of H2O2 from two different plant cellular compartments has divergent effects on the plant transcriptome. Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing glycolate oxidase in the chloroplast (Fahnenstich et al., 2008; Balazadeh et al., 2012) and plants deficient in peroxisomal catalase (Queval et al., 2007; Inzé et al., 2012) were grown under non-photorespiratory conditions and then transferred to photorespiratory conditions to foster the production of H2O2 in both organelles. We show that H2O2 originating in a specific organelle induces two types of responses: one that integrates signals independently from the subcellular site of H2O2 production and another that is dependent on the H2O2 production site. H2O2 produced in peroxisomes induces transcripts involved in protein repair responses, while H2O2 produced in chloroplasts induces early signaling responses, including transcription factors and biosynthetic genes involved in production of secondary signaling messengers. There is a significant bias towards the induction of genes involved in responses to wounding and pathogen attack by chloroplastic-produced H2O2, including indolic glucosinolates-, camalexin-, and stigmasterol-biosynthetic genes. These transcriptional responses were accompanied by the accumulation of 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate and stigmasterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Sewelam
- Institut of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nils Jaspert
- Institut of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium Present address: Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institut of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Henning Frerigmann
- Botanical Institute, Cologne Biocenter, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf and 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elia Stahl
- Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf and 50674 Cologne, Germany Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Veronica G Maurino
- Institut of Developmental and Molecular Biology of Plants, Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Group, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), 40225 Düsseldorf and 50674 Cologne, Germany
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17
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Esser C, Kuhn A, Groth G, Lercher MJ, Maurino VG. Plant and animal glycolate oxidases have a common eukaryotic ancestor and convergently duplicated to evolve long-chain 2-hydroxy acid oxidases. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1089-101. [PMID: 24408912 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GOX) is a crucial enzyme of plant photorespiration. The encoding gene is thought to have originated from endosymbiotic gene transfer between the eukaryotic host and the cyanobacterial endosymbiont at the base of plantae. However, animals also possess GOX activities. Plant and animal GOX belong to the gene family of (L)-2-hydroxyacid-oxidases ((L)-2-HAOX). We find that all (L)-2-HAOX proteins in animals and archaeplastida go back to one ancestral eukaryotic sequence; the sole exceptions are green algae of the chlorophyta lineage. Chlorophyta replaced the ancestral eukaryotic (L)-2-HAOX with a bacterial ortholog, a lactate oxidase that may have been obtained through the primary endosymbiosis at the base of plantae; independent losses of this gene may explain its absence in other algal lineages (glaucophyta, rhodophyta, and charophyta). We also show that in addition to GOX, plants possess (L)-2-HAOX proteins with different specificities for medium- and long-chain hydroxyacids (lHAOX), likely involved in fatty acid and protein catabolism. Vertebrates possess lHAOX proteins acting on similar substrates as plant lHAOX; however, the existence of GOX and lHAOX subfamilies in both plants and animals is not due to shared ancestry but is the result of convergent evolution in the two most complex eukaryotic lineages. On the basis of targeting sequences and predicted substrate specificities, we conclude that the biological role of plantae (L)-2-HAOX in photorespiration evolved by co-opting an existing peroxisomal protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Esser
- Institute for Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Fargue S, Rumsby G, Danpure CJ. Multiple mechanisms of action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1776-83. [PMID: 23597595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) is a rare hereditary calcium oxalate kidney stone disease caused by a deficiency of the liver-specific pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent peroxisomal enzyme alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). About one third of patients are responsive to pharmacological doses of pyridoxine (vitamin B6), but its mechanism of action is unknown. Using stably transformed Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells expressing various normal and mutant forms of AGT, we have shown that pyridoxine increases the net expression, catalytic activity and peroxisomal import of the most common mistargeted mutant form of AGT (i.e. Gly170Arg on the background of the polymorphic minor allele). These multiple effects explain for the first time the action of pyridoxine in the most common group of responsive patients. Partial effects of pyridoxine were also observed for two other common AGT mutants on the minor allele (i.e. Phe152Ile and Ile244Thr) but not for the minor allele mutant AGT containing a Gly41Arg replacement. These findings demonstrate that pyridoxine, which is metabolised to pyridoxal phosphate, the essential cofactor of AGT, achieves its effects both as a prosthetic group (increasing enzyme catalytic activity) and a chemical chaperone (increasing peroxisome targeting and net expression). This new understanding should aid the development of pharmacological treatments that attempt to enhance efficacy of pyridoxine in PH1, as well as encouraging a re-evaluation of the extent of pyridoxine responsiveness in PH1, as more patients than previously thought might benefit from such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Fargue
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Rojas CM, Mysore KS. Glycolate oxidase is an alternative source for H2O2 production during plant defense responses and functions independently from NADPH oxidase. Plant Signal Behav 2012; 7:752-5. [PMID: 22751316 PMCID: PMC3583956 DOI: 10.4161/psb.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory enzyme glycolate oxidase (GOX) was found to be involved in nonhost resistance by regulating plant defense responses through the production of H2O2. Silencing of a gene encoding NADPH oxidase (AtRBOHD) in the gox mutants did not further increase susceptibility to a nonhost pathogen, P. syringae pv tabaci, although it caused an increase in bacterial growth in the Atgox1 and Atgox3 mutant backgrounds. In order to confirm this finding, we created double homozygous knockouts AtrbohD x Atgox1 and AtrbohD x Atgox3 to evaluate symptom development and bacterial growth. Here we show that there is no additive effect of disease symptoms or bacterial growth in the AtrbohD x Atgox1 and AtrbohD x Atgox3 double mutants when compared with individual mutants. Slight additive effect observed previously upon silencing of AtRBOHD in Atgox1 and Atgox3 mutants was most likely due to cross-silencing of AtRBOHF. These results further prove that GOX plays a role in nonhost resistance independent of NADPH oxidase.
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20
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Balazadeh S, Jaspert N, Arif M, Mueller-Roeber B, Maurino VG. Expression of ROS-responsive genes and transcription factors after metabolic formation of H(2)O(2) in chloroplasts. Front Plant Sci 2012; 3:234. [PMID: 23125844 PMCID: PMC3485569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2012.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase (GO) catalyses the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, thereby consuming O(2) and producing H(2)O(2). In this work, Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing GO in the chloroplasts (GO plants) were used to assess the expressional behavior of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive genes and transcription factors (TFs) after metabolic induction of H(2)O(2) formation in chloroplasts. In this organelle, GO uses the glycolate derived from the oxygenase activity of RubisCO. Here, to identify genes responding to an abrupt production of H(2)O(2) in chloroplasts we used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to test the expression of 187 ROS-responsive genes and 1880 TFs after transferring GO and wild-type (WT) plants grown at high CO(2) levels to ambient CO(2) concentration. Our data revealed coordinated expression changes of genes of specific functional networks 0.5 h after metabolic induction of H(2)O(2) production in GO plants, including the induction of indole glucosinolate and camalexin biosynthesis genes. Comparative analysis using available microarray data suggests that signals for the induction of these genes through H(2)O(2) may originate in the chloroplast. The TF profiling indicated an up-regulation in GO plants of a group of genes involved in the regulation of proanthocyanidin and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, the upregulation of expression of TF and TF-interacting proteins affecting development (e.g., cell division, stem branching, flowering time, flower development) would impact growth and reproductive capacity, resulting in altered development under conditions that promote the formation of H(2)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | - Nils Jaspert
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | | | - Veronica G. Maurino
- Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology, Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Veronica G. Maurino, Entwicklungs- und Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. e-mail:
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Chen J, Wu FH, Wang WH, Zheng CJ, Lin GH, Dong XJ, He JX, Pei ZM, Zheng HL. Hydrogen sulphide enhances photosynthesis through promoting chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthetic enzyme expression, and thiol redox modification in Spinacia oleracea seedlings. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:4481-93. [PMID: 21624977 PMCID: PMC3170546 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S) is emerging as a potential messenger molecule involved in modulation of physiological processes in animals and plants. In this report, the role of H(2)S in modulating photosynthesis of Spinacia oleracea seedlings was investigated. The main results are as follows. (i) NaHS, a donor of H(2)S, was found to increase the chlorophyll content in leaves. (ii) Seedlings treated with different concentrations of NaHS for 30 d exhibited a significant increase in seedling growth, soluble protein content, and photosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner, with 100 μM NaHS being the optimal concentration. (iii) The number of grana lamellae stacking into the functional chloroplasts was also markedly increased by treatment with the optimal NaHS concentration. (iv) The light saturation point (Lsp), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (F(v)/F(m)) reached their maximal values, whereas the light compensation point (Lcp) and dark respiration (Rd) decreased significantly under the optimal NaHS concentration. (v) The activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBISCO) and the protein expression of the RuBISCO large subunit (RuBISCO LSU) were also significantly enhanced by NaHS. (vi) The total thiol content, glutathione and cysteine levels, internal concentration of H(2)S, and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase and L-cysteine desulphydrase activities were increased to some extent, suggesting that NaHS also induced the activity of thiol redox modification. (vii) Further studies using quantitative real-time PCR showed that the gene encoding the RuBISCO large subunit (RBCL), small subunit (RBCS), ferredoxin thioredoxin reductase (FTR), ferredoxin (FRX), thioredoxin m (TRX-m), thioredoxin f (TRX-f), NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH), and O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OAS) were up-regulated, but genes encoding serine acetyltransferase (SERAT), glycolate oxidase (GYX), and cytochrome oxidase (CCO) were down-regulated after exposure to the optimal concentration of H(2)S. These findings suggest that increases in RuBISCO activity and the function of thiol redox modification may underlie the amelioration of photosynthesis and that H(2)S plays an important role in plant photosynthesis regulation by modulating the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis and thiol redox modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Fei-Hua Wu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Wen-Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Chen-Juan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Guang-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Xue-Jun Dong
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Jun-Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Agobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ming Pei
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Wetland Ecosystem Research of MOE, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Bourhis JM, Vignaud C, Pietrancosta N, Guéritte F, Guénard D, Lederer F, Lindqvist Y. Structure of human glycolate oxidase in complex with the inhibitor 4-carboxy-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-1,2,3-thiadiazole. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:1246-53. [PMID: 20054120 PMCID: PMC2802872 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109041670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycolate oxidase, a peroxisomal flavoenzyme, generates glyoxylate at the expense of oxygen. When the normal metabolism of glyoxylate is impaired by the mutations that are responsible for the genetic diseases hyperoxaluria types 1 and 2, glyoxylate yields oxalate, which forms insoluble calcium deposits, particularly in the kidneys. Glycolate oxidase could thus be an interesting therapeutic target. The crystal structure of human glycolate oxidase (hGOX) in complex with 4-carboxy-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)sulfanyl]-1,2,3-thiadiazole (CCPST) has been determined at 2.8 A resolution. The inhibitor heteroatoms interact with five active-site residues that have been implicated in catalysis in homologous flavodehydrogenases of L-2-hydroxy acids. In addition, the chlorophenyl substituent is surrounded by nonconserved hydrophobic residues. The present study highlights the role of mobility in ligand binding by glycolate oxidase. In addition, it pinpoints several structural differences between members of the highly conserved family of flavodehydrogenases of L-2-hydroxy acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marie Bourhis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Vignaud
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS FRE 2930, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Pietrancosta
- Laboratoire d’Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales, CNRS FRE 2930, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Françoise Guéritte
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Daniel Guénard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Lederer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Ylva Lindqvist
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Ueno O, Yoshimura Y, Sentoku N. Variation in the activity of some enzymes of photorespiratory metabolism in C4 grasses. Ann Bot 2005; 96:863-9. [PMID: 16100226 PMCID: PMC4247052 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Photorespiration occurs in C4 plants, although rates are small compared with C3 plants. The amount of glycine decarboxylase in the bundle sheath (BS) varies among C4 grasses and is positively correlated with the granal index (ratio of the length of appressed thylakoid membranes to the total length of all thylakoid membranes) of the BS chloroplasts: C4 grasses with high granal index contained more glycine decarboxylase per unit leaf area than those with low granal index, probably reflecting the differences in O2 production from photosystem II and the potential photorespiratory capacity. Thus, it is hypothesized that the activities of peroxisomal enzymes involved in photorespiration are also correlated with the granal development. METHODS The granal development in BS chloroplasts was investigated and activities of the photorespiratory enzymes assayed in 28 C4 grasses and seven C3 grasses. KEY RESULTS The NADP-malic enzyme grasses were divided into two groups: one with low granal index and the other with relatively high granal index in the BS chloroplasts. Both the NAD-malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase grasses had high granal index in the BS chloroplasts. No statistically significant differences were found in activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase between the C3 and C4 grasses, or between the C4 subtypes. The activity of glycolate oxidase and catalase were smaller in the C4 grasses than in the C3 grasses. Among the C4 subtypes, glycolate oxidase activities were significantly smaller in the NADP-malic enzyme grasses with low granal index in the BS chloroplasts, compared with in the C4 grasses with substantial grana in the BS chloroplasts. CONCLUSIONS There is interspecies variation in glycolate oxidase activity associated with the granal development in the BS chloroplasts and the O2 production from photosystem II, which suggests different potential photorespiration capacities among C4 grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Ueno
- Plant Physiology Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
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Streb P, Michael-Knauf A, Feierabend J. Preferential photoinactivation of catalase and photoinhibition of photosystem II are common early symptoms under various osmotic and chemical stress conditions. Physiol Plant 1993; 88:590-598. [PMID: 28741781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1993.tb01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Activity of catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) and variable fluorescence (F) were measured in sections of rye leaves (Secale cereale L. cv. Halo) that were exposed for 24 h to moderately high irradiance under osmotic or chemical stress conditions (paraquat, DCMU, mannitol, NaCl, CdCl2 , CuSO4 , Pb(NO3 )2 , KNO2 , or K2 SO3 ). Changes of the chlorophyll content and of enzyme activities related to peroxide metabolism, such as glycolate oxidase, glutathione reductase, and peroxidase, were assayed for comparison. In the presence of the herbicides paraquat and low DCMU concentrations that exert only partial inhibition of photosynthesis, as well as after most treatments with osmotic or chemical stress factors, catalase markedly declined due to a preferential photoinactivation. At higher DCMU levels catalase did not decline. At low KNO2 concentrations catalase activity was preferentially increased. In general, photoinactivation of catalase was accompanied by a decline of the F/Fm ratio, indicating photoinhibition of photosystem II, while other parameters were much more stable. Inasmuch as both catalase and the D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II have a rapid turnover in light, their steady state levels appear to decline whenever stress effects either excessively enhance deleterious oxidative conditions and degradation (e. g. Paraquat, low DCMU), or inhibit repair synthesis. Photoinactivation of catalase and of photosystem II represent specific and widely occurring early symptoms of incipient photodamage indicating stress conditions where the repair capacity is not sufficient. During prolonged exposures, e. g. to NaCl and CuSO4 , chlorophyll was bleached in light and the rate of its photodegradation increased in proportion as the catalase level had declined. The results suggest that the enhanced susceptibility of leaf tissues to photooxidative damage which is widely observed in stressed plants is related to the early loss of catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Streb
- Botanisches Inst., J. W. Goethe-Univ., Postfach 11 1932, D-60054 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Andrea Michael-Knauf
- Botanisches Inst., J. W. Goethe-Univ., Postfach 11 1932, D-60054 Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Jürgen Feierabend
- Botanisches Inst., J. W. Goethe-Univ., Postfach 11 1932, D-60054 Frankfurt/M., Germany
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