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Frühauf A, Behringer M, Meyer-Almes FJ. Significance of Five-Membered Heterocycles in Human Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5686. [PMID: 37570656 PMCID: PMC10419652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Five-membered heteroaromatic rings, in particular, have gained prominence in medicinal chemistry as they offer enhanced metabolic stability, solubility and bioavailability, crucial factors in developing effective drugs. The unique physicochemical properties and biological effects of five-membered heterocycles have positioned them as key structural motifs in numerous clinically effective drugs. Hence, the exploration of five-ring heterocycles remains an important research area in medicinal chemistry, with the aim of discovering new therapeutic agents for various diseases. This review addresses the incorporation of heteroatoms such as nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur into the aromatic ring of these heterocyclic compounds, enhancing their polarity and facilitating both aromatic stacking interactions and the formation of hydrogen bonds. Histone deacetylases are present in numerous multiprotein complexes within the epigenetic machinery and play a central role in various cellular processes. They have emerged as important targets for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other therapeutic indications. In histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's), five-ring heterocycles perform various functions as a zinc-binding group, a linker or head group, contributing to binding activity and selective recognition. This review focuses on providing an up-to-date overview of the different five-membered heterocycles utilized in HDACi motifs, highlighting their biological properties. It summarizes relevant publications from the past decade, offering insights into the recent advancements in this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Frühauf
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Behringer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Doan NQH, Nguyen NTK, Nguyen NB, Tran TT, Tran QN, Truong TN. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of anti-colorectal cancer activity of curcumin analogues containing 1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130414. [PMID: 37331408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that monocarbonyl analogues of curcumin (MACs) and 1H-pyrazole heterocycle both demonstrated promising anticancer activities, in which several compounds containing these scaffolds could target EGFR. In this research, 24 curcumin analogues containing 1H-pyrazole (a1-f4) were synthesized and characterized by using modern spectroscopic techniques. Firstly, synthetic MACs were screened for cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines such as SW480, MDA-MB-231 and A549, from which the 10 most potential cytotoxic compounds were identified and selected. Subsequently, the selected MACs were further screened for their inhibition against tyrosine kinases, which showed that a4 demonstrated the most significant inhibitory effects on EGFRWT and EGFRL858R. Based on the results, a4 further demonstrated its ability to cause morphological changes, to increase the percentage of apoptotic cells, and to increase caspase-3 activity, suggesting its apoptosis-inducing activity on SW480 cells. In addition, the effect of a4 on the SW480 cell cycle revealed its ability to arrest SW480 cells at G2/M phase. In subsequent computer-based assessments, a4 was predicted to possess several promising physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. Via molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, a reversible binding mode between a4 and EGFRWT, EGFRL858R, or EGFRG719S, remained stable within the 100-ns simulation due to effective interactions especially the hydrogen bonding with M793. Finally, free binding energy calculations suggested that a4 could inhibit the activity of EGFRG719S more effectively than other EGFR forms. In conclusion, our work would provide the basis for the future design of promising synthetic compounds as anticancer agents targeting EGFR tyrosine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Q H Doan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngan T K Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41-43 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Quality Assurance, Hasan Dermapharm Joint Venture Co., Ltd., Lot B, Dong An Industrial Park, Binh Duong Province 75000, Viet Nam.
| | - Thi T Tran
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thu Dau Mot University, 06 Tran Van On Street, Phu Hoa Ward, Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province 75000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang N Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, 116 Johnson Hall, 105 SW 26th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Tuyen N Truong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, 41-43 Dinh Tien Hoang Street, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Viet Nam.
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Thirunavukkarasu M, Prabakaran P, Saral A, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Kazachenko AS, Muthu S. Molecular level Solvent interaction (microscopic), Electronic, Covalent assembly (RDG, AIM & ELF), ADMET prediction and anti-cancer activity of 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-1-propanone): cytotoxic agent. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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4
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Tien Anh D, Hai Nam N, Kircher B, Baecker D. The Impact of Fluorination on the Design of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041973. [PMID: 36838960 PMCID: PMC9965134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as promising targets in the treatment of cancer. The approach is to inhibit HDACs with drugs known as HDAC inhibitors (HDACis). Such HDACis are broadly classified according to their chemical structure, e.g., hydroxamic acids, benzamides, thiols, short-chain fatty acids, and cyclic peptides. Fluorination plays an important role in the medicinal-chemical design of new active representatives. As a result of the introduction of fluorine into the chemical structure, parameters such as potency or selectivity towards isoforms of HDACs can be increased. However, the impact of fluorination cannot always be clearly deduced. Nevertheless, a change in lipophilicity and, hence, solubility, as well as permeability, can influence the potency. The selectivity towards certain HDACs isoforms can be explained by special interactions of fluorinated compounds with the structure of the slightly different enzymes. Another aspect is that for a more detailed investigation of newly synthesized fluorine-containing active compounds, fluorination is often used for the purpose of labeling. Aside from the isotope 19F, which can be detected by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the positron emission tomography of 18F plays a major role. However, to our best knowledge, a survey of the general effects of fluorination on HDACis development is lacking in the literature to date. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the introduction of fluorine in the course of chemical synthesis and the impact on biological activity, using selected examples of recently developed fluorinated HDACis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Tien Anh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hai Nam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Immunobiology and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Baecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Straße 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (D.B.)
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5
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Doan NQH, Nguyen NTK, Duong VB, Nguyen HTT, Vong LB, Duong DN, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TLT, Do TTH, Truong TN. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of 1-Aryl-1 H-pyrazole-Fused Curcumin Analogues as Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33963-33984. [PMID: 36188331 PMCID: PMC9520563 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the growing burden of cancer and the shortcomings of chemotherapy in cancer treatment are the current research goals. Research to overcome the limitations of curcumin and to improve its anticancer activity via its heterocycle-fused monocarbonyl analogues (MACs) has immense potential. In this study, 32 asymmetric MACs fused with 1-aryl-1H-pyrazole (7a-10h) were synthesized and characterized to develop new curcumin analogues. Subsequently, via initial screening for cytotoxic activity, nine compounds exhibited potential growth inhibition against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 2.43-7.84 μM) and HepG2 (IC50 4.98-14.65 μM), in which seven compounds showing higher selectivities on two cancer cell lines than the noncancerous LLC-PK1 were selected for cell-free in vitro screening for effects on microtubule assembly activity. Among those, compounds 7d, 7h, and 10c showed effective inhibitions of microtubule assembly at 20.0 μM (40.76-52.03%), indicating that they could act as microtubule-destabilizing agents. From the screening results, three most potential compounds, 7d, 7h, and 10c, were selected for further evaluation of cellular effects on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The apoptosis-inducing study indicated that these three compounds could cause morphological changes at 1.0 μM and could enhance caspase-3 activity (1.33-1.57 times) at 10.0 μM in MDA-MB-231 cells, confirming their apoptosis-inducing activities. Additionally, in cell cycle analysis, compounds 7d and 7h at 2.5 μM and 10c at 5.0 μM also arrested MDA-MB-231 cells in the G2/M phase. Finally, the results from in silico studies revealed that the predicted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and the toxicity (ADMET) profile of the most potent MACs might have several advantages in addition to potential disadvantages, and compound 7h could bind into (ΔG -10.08 kcal·mol-1) and access wider space at the colchicine-binding site (CBS) than that of colchicine or nocodazole via molecular docking studies. In conclusion, our study serves as a basis for the design of promising synthetic compounds as anticancer agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Q. H. Doan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ngan T. K. Nguyen
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Vu B. Duong
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha T. T. Nguyen
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Long B. Vong
- School
of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Diem N. Duong
- Immunology
Lab, Vaccines and Biologicals Production Department, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyet-Thu T. Nguyen
- Immunology
Lab, Vaccines and Biologicals Production Department, Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen L. T. Nguyen
- Saigon
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies Center, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuoi T. H. Do
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University
of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen N. Truong
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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6
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, C S R. Multi-target weapons: diaryl-pyrazoline thiazolidinediones simultaneously targeting VEGFR-2 and HDAC cancer hallmarks. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1540-1554. [PMID: 34671737 PMCID: PMC8459325 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In anticancer drug discovery, multi-targeting compounds have been beneficial due to their advantages over single-targeting compounds. For instance, VEGFR-2 has a crucial role in angiogenesis and cancer management, whereas HDACs are well-known regulators of epigenetics and have been known to contribute significantly to angiogenesis and carcinogenesis. Herein, we have reported nineteen novel VEGFR-2 and HDAC dual-targeting analogs containing diaryl-pyrazoline thiazolidinediones and their in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation. In particular, the most promising compound 14c has emerged as a dual inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and HDAC. It demonstrated anti-angiogenic activity by inhibiting in vitro HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Moreover, an in vivo CAM assay showed that 14c repressed new capillary formation in CAMs. In particular, 14c exhibited cytotoxicity potential on different cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, K562, A549, and HT-29. Additionally, 14c demonstrated significant potency and selectivity against HDAC4 in the sub-micromolar range. To materialize the hypothesis, we also performed molecular docking on the crystal structures of both VEGFR-2 (PDB ID: 1YWN) and HDAC4 (PDB-ID: 4CBY), which corroborated the designing and biological activity. The results indicated that compound 14c could be a potential lead to develop more optimized multi-target analogs with enhanced potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- Universiti Sains Malaysia School of Health Sciences Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt Germany
| | - Ramaa C S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy Navi Mumbai India
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7
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ramaa CS. Double-edged Swords: Diaryl pyrazoline thiazolidinediones synchronously targeting cancer epigenetics and angiogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105350. [PMID: 34547645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel series of compounds incorporating naphthyl and pyridyl linker were synthesized and biological assays revealed 5-((6-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy) naphthalene-2-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (14b) as the most potent dual inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Compounds 13b, 14b, 17f, and 21f were found to stabilize HDAC4; where, pyridyl linker swords were endowed with higher stabilization effects than naphthyl linker. Also, 13b and 14b showed best inhibitory activity on VEGFR-2 as compared to others. Compound 14b was most potent as evident by in-vitro and in-vivo biological assessments. It displayed anti-angiogenic potential by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and also suppressed new capillary formation in the growing chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). It showed selectivity and potency towards HDAC4 as compared to other HDAC isoforms. Compound 14b (25 mg/kg, i.p.) also indicated exceptional antitumor efficacy on in-vivo animal xenograft model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29). The mechanism of action of 14b was also confirmed by western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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8
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Meyer-Almes FJ, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, Ramaa CS. Pharmacophore hybridization approach to discover novel pyrazoline-based hydantoin analogs with anti-tumor efficacy. Bioorg Chem 2021; 107:104527. [PMID: 33317839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search for new and safer anti-cancer agents, a structurally guided pharmacophore hybridization strategy of two privileged scaffolds, namely diaryl pyrazolines and imidazolidine-2,4-dione (hydantoin), was adopted resulting in a newfangled series of compounds (H1-H22). Herein, a bio-isosteric replacement of "pyrrolidine-2,5-dione" moiety of our recently reported antitumor hybrid incorporating diaryl pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dione scaffolds with "imidazoline-2,4-dione" moiety has been incorporated. Complete biological studies revealed the most potent analog among all i.e. compound H13, which was at-least 10-fold more potent compared to the corresponding pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, in colon and breast cancer cells. In-vitro studies showed activation of caspases, arrest of G0/G1 phase of cell cycle, decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2) and increased DNA damage. In-vivo assay on HT-29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) animal xenograft model unveiled the significant anti-tumor efficacy along with oral bioavailability with maximum TGI 36% (i.p.) and 44% (per os) at 50 mg/kg dose. These findings confirm the suitability of hybridized pyrazoline and imidazolidine-2,4-dione analog H13 for its anti-cancer potential and starting-point for the development of more efficacious analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Yu Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Bao Y, Xu Q, Wang L, Wei Y, Hu B, Wang J, Liu D, Zhao L, Jing Y. Studying Histone Deacetylase Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction of Psammaplin A Monomers with Modified Thiol Group. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:39-47. [PMID: 33488962 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psammaplin A (PsA) is a bromotyrosine disulfide dimer with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition and acts through reduced monomer PsA-SH. We studied the connection of HDAC inhibition, cell growth inhibition, and apoptosis induction of PsA-SH by modifying the -SH group with deletion (6a) or replacement with hydroxamic acid (10b) or benzamide (12g). PsA-SH inhibits HDAC1/2/3 and 6a loses the HDAC inhibition ability. 10b inhibits HDAC1/2/3/6 while 12g shows selective inhibition of HDAC3. PsA-SH and 10b, but neither 6a nor 12g, induce apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells associated with increased acetylation of Histone H3. PsA-SH and 10b inhibit growth of several solid tumor cell lines in vitro and Lewis lung cancer cell growth in vivo. PsA-SH is a simple scaffold for developing selective HDAC inhibitors and induces apoptosis through inhibiting HDAC1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bao
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Key Lab of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, R. P. China
| | - Qihao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Key Lab of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, R. P. China
| | - Yunfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Baichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, Liaoning Key Lab of Targeting Drugs for Hematological Malignancies, Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, R. P. China
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10
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Tavares MT, Kozikowski AP, Shen S. Mercaptoacetamide: A promising zinc-binding group for the discovery of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112887. [PMID: 33035922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a zinc-dependent HDAC that mainly modulates the acetylation status of non-histone substrates, such as α-tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The activity of HDAC6 plays a critical role in cell proliferation, protein trafficking and degradation, cell shape, migration, as well as regulation of immunomodulatory factors. For this reason, HDAC6 influences the progress of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune responses. In the last few years, the discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) has become an attractive research area as five HDAC6is are being investigated in phase I/II clinical trials. However, the hydroxamic acid functional group still represents the predominant zinc-binding group (ZBG), that often suffers from poor pharmacokinetics and mutagenic potential, thus impairing the application of hydroxamate-based HDAC6is for long-term therapies. On the other hand, mercaptoacetamide (MCA)-based HDAC6is comprise a class of compounds that, in some cases, display nanomolar HDAC6 potency and a thousand-fold selectivity over class I HDAC isozymes. Moreover, MCA-based HDAC6is lack the mutagenicity associated with the hydroxamate function and display pharmacological effects, demonstrating the potential of this particular ZBG to improve upon the drug-like properties of HDAC6is. Herein, we summarize for the first time the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MCA-based HDAC6is, discuss their HDAC6 selectivity at the molecular level using inhibitor-HDAC co-crystal structures, and further provide our perspective regarding their drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, United States
| | | | - Sida Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, And Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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11
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Meyer-Almes FJ, Loiodice F, Anisimova NY, Spirina TS, Sokolova DV, Smirnova GB, Choe JY, Pokrovsky VS, Lavecchia A, S Ramaa C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrazoline and Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione Hybrids as Potential Antitumor Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1813-1825. [PMID: 32715626 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In search of novel and effective antitumor agents, pyrazoline-substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dione hybrids were designed, synthesized and evaluated in silico, in vitro and in vivo for anticancer efficacy. All the compounds exhibited remarkable cytotoxic effects in MCF7 and HT29 cells. The excellent antiproliferative activity toward MCF7 (IC50 =0.78±0.01 μM), HT29 (IC50 =0.92±0.15 μM) and K562 (IC50 =47.25±1.24 μM) cell lines, prompted us to further investigate the antitumor effects of the best compound S2 (1-(2-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione). In cell-cycle analysis, S2 was found to disrupt the growth phases with increased cell population in G1 /G0 phase and decreased cell population in G2 /M phase. The excellent in vitro effects were also supported by inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. In vivo tumor regression studies of S2 in HT29 xenograft nude mice, exhibited equivalent and promising tumor regression with maximum TGI, 66 % (i. p. route) and 60 % (oral route) at 50 mg kg-1 dose by both the routes, indicating oral bioavailability and antitumor efficacy. These findings advocate that hybridization of pyrazoline and pyrrolidine-2,5-dioes holds promise for the development of more potent and less toxic anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Fulvio Loiodice
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Science, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona, 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia Y Anisimova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Spirina
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darina V Sokolova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina B Smirnova
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-Yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, 27834, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 115478, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biochemistry, People's Friendship University, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Sector 8, CBD Belapur, 400614, Navi Mumbai, India
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12
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Kusakiewicz-Dawid A, Porada M, Dziuk B, Siodłak D. Annular Tautomerism of 3(5)-Disubstituted-1 H-pyrazoles with Ester and Amide Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:E2632. [PMID: 31330976 PMCID: PMC6680591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of disubstituted 1H-pyrazoles with methyl (1), amino (2), and nitro (3) groups, as well as ester (a) or amide (b) groups in positions 3 and 5 was synthesized, and annular tautomerism was investigated using X-ray, theoretical calculations, NMR, and FT-IR methods. The X-ray experiment in the crystal state showed for the compounds with methyl (1a, 1b) and amino (2b) groups the tautomer with ester or amide groups at position 3 (tautomer 3), but for those with a nitro group (3b, 4), tautomer 5. Similar results were obtained in solution by NMR NOE experiments in CDCl3, DMSO-d6, and CD3OD solvents. However, tautomer equilibrium was observed for 2b in DMSO. The FT-IR spectra in chloroform and acetonitrile showed equilibria, which can be ascribed to conformational changes of the cis/trans arrangement of the ester/amide group and pyrazole ring. Theoretical analysis using the M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) method (in vacuo, chloroform, acetonitrile, and water) and measurement of aromaticity (NICS) showed dependence on internal hydrogen bonds, the influence of the environment, and the effect of the substituent. These factors, pyrazole aromaticity and intra- and inter-molecular interactions, seem to have a considerable influence on the choice of tautomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Porada
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Dawid Siodłak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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13
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Li Y, Wang F, Chen X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Li Y, He B. Zinc-dependent Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors with Different Zinc Binding Groups. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:223-241. [PMID: 30674261 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190122144949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The state of histone acetylation plays a very crucial role in carcinogenesis and its development by chromatin remodeling and thus altering transcription of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Such epigenetic regulation was controlled by zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs), one of the major regulators. Due to the therapeutic potential of HDACs as one of the promising drug targets in cancer, HDAC inhibitors have been intensively investigated over the last few decades. Notably, there are five HDAC inhibitors already approved to the market. Vorinostat (SAHA), Belinostat (PXD-101) and Romidepsin (FK228) have been approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in USA for treating cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) or peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) while Panbinostat (LBH-589) has also been approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Recently, Chidamide was approved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of PTCL. The structural feature of almost all HDAC inhibitors consists of Cap group, linker, and zinc-binding group (ZBG). The binding of ZBG groups to zinc ion plays a decisive role in the inhibition of HDAC. Therefore, we will summarize the developed HDAC inhibitors according to different ZBG groups and discuss their binding mode with zinc ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yonglong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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14
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Zagni C, Citarella A, Oussama M, Rescifina A, Maugeri A, Navarra M, Scala A, Piperno A, Micale N. Hydroxamic Acid-Based Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitors Bearing a Pyrazole Scaffold and a Cinnamoyl Linker. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040945. [PMID: 30795625 PMCID: PMC6412695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities have been conventionally considered as hallmarks of cancer. However, recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic mechanisms are also implicated in the insurgence and development of cancer. Patterns of the epigenetic component include DNA methylation and histone modifications. Acetylation of histones is controlled by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Imbalance of these two enzymatic systems is known to be a key factor in tumor progression. Because HDACs have been found to function incorrectly in cancer, various HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are being investigated to act as cancer chemotherapeutics. Herein, we report the synthesis, docking studies and biological activity of a series of hydroxamic acid-based HDACIs bearing an N1-aryl or N1-H pyrazole nucleus as surface recognition motif and a cinnamoyl group as a linker to the hydroxamic acid zinc-binding group (ZBG). Some of the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory properties towards HDACs and antiproliferative activity against neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y tumor cell line both at micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Mahjoub Oussama
- Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Sidi Massa-oud, Hiboun 5100 Mahdia Tunisian, Tunisia.
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale di ricerca in Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi (C.I.N.M.P.S.), Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angela Scala
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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15
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Zhang L, Zhang J, Jiang Q, Zhang L, Song W. Zinc binding groups for histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:714-721. [PMID: 29616828 PMCID: PMC6009916 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1417274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc binding groups (ZBGs) play a crucial role in targeting histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) to the active site of histone deacetylases (HDACs), thus determining the potency of HDACIs. Due to the high affinity to the zinc ion, hydroxamic acid is the most commonly used ZBG in the structure of HDACs. An alternative ZBG is benzamide group, which features excellent inhibitory selectivity for class I HDACs. Various ZBGs have been designed and tested to improve the activity and selectivity of HDACIs, and to overcome the pharmacokinetic limitations of current HDACIs. Herein, different kinds of ZBGs are reviewed and their features have been discussed for further design of HDACIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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16
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Chen J, Sang Z, Jiang Y, Yang C, He L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as dual HDAC1 and HDAC6 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:232-241. [PMID: 30251407 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Chen
- Pharmaceutical College; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
- SinoGrain Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd
| | - Zitai Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy; West China Hospital; West China Medical School; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan PR China
| | - Youjun Jiang
- SinoGrain Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd
| | - Chao Yang
- SinoGrain Chengdu Storage Research Institute Co. Ltd
| | - Linhong He
- Pharmaceutical College; Guangxi Medical University; Nanning Guangxi China
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17
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Sangwan R, Rajan R, Mandal PK. HDAC as onco target: Reviewing the synthetic approaches with SAR study of their inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:620-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel selective thiol-based histone deacetylase(HDAC) VI inhibitors bearing indeno[1,2-c]pyrazole or benzoindazole scaffold. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Wen J, Bao Y, Niu Q, Yang J, Fan Y, Li J, Jing Y, Zhao L, Liu D. Identification of N-(6-mercaptohexyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide and its disulfide prodrug as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors with in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor efficacy. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 109:350-9. [PMID: 26814680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a collection of N-(6-mercaptohexyl)-3-substituted-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide HDAC inhibitors was developed. Among them, 15k was identified as the most potent inhibitor against total HDACs with IC50 of 0.008 μM. Further isoenzyme assays revealed that 15k and its analogs have a preference for HDAC1-3 (class I) and HDAC6 (class IIb) isoforms. The enzyme-based potencies of 15k were 2- to 11-fold higher than those of Vorinostat. The disulfide prodrug 18 was found to be potent cytotoxic agent against a panel of seven tumor cells, causing hyper-acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in cellular level. In addition, 18 demonstrated a notable in vivo anti-tumor activity in HCT-116 xenografted model. This study provides further possibility of developing novel thiol-based HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yu Bao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yinbo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Linxiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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20
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Xue S, Liu J, Qing X, Wang C. Brönsted acid-mediated annulations of 1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates with arylhydrazines: efficient strategy for the synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazoles. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A diversity-oriented synthesis of 1H-pyrazole derivatives via Brönsted acid-promoted annulations of 1-cyanocyclopropane-1-carboxylates with arylhydrazines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Xushun Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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