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González-González A, Sánchez-Sánchez O, Wan B, Franzblau S, Palos I, Espinoza-Hicks JC, Moreno-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Lara-Ramírez EE, Ortiz-Pérez E, Paz-González AD, Rivera G. Expanding the chemical space of ester of quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di- N-oxide derivatives as potential antitubercular agents. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2785-2791. [PMID: 39149106 PMCID: PMC11324059 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a worldwide health problem that warrants attention given that the current treatment options require a long-term chemotherapeutic period and have reported the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) multidrug resistant strains. In this study, n-butyl and isobutyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide were evaluated against replicating and non-replicating H37Rv M. tuberculosis strains. The results showed that seventeen of the twenty-eight derivatives have minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than isoniazid (2.92 μM). The most active antimycobacterial agents were T-148, T-149, T-163, and T-164, which have the lowest MIC values (0.53, 0.57, 0.53, and 0.55 μM respectively). These results confirm the potential of quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide against M. tuberculosis to develop and obtain new and more safety antituberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo González-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
| | - Oscar Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Scott Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago USA
| | - Isidro Palos
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Rodhe, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas Mexico
| | | | - Adriana Moreno-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Estudios Epidemiológicos, Clínicos, Diseños Experimentales e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma "Benito Juárez" de Oaxaca Mexico
| | | | - Edgar E Lara-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
| | - Alma D Paz-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico
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Ferraro F, Merlino A, Gil J, Pérez-Silanes S, Corvo I, Cabrera M. Flavonoid-Quinoxaline Hybrid Compounds as Cathepsin Inhibitors Against Fascioliasis. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400305. [PMID: 38871654 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica is a parasitic trematode that infects livestock animals and humans, causing significant health and economic burdens worldwide. The extensive use of anthelmintic drugs has led to the emergence of resistant parasite strains, posing a threat to treatment success. The complex life cycle of the liver fluke, coupled with limited funding and research interest, have hindered progress in drug discovery. Our group has been working in drug development against this parasite using cathepsin proteases as molecular targets, finding promising compound candidates with in vitro and in vivo efficacy. Here, we evaluated hybrid molecules that combine two chemotypes, chalcones and quinoxaline 1,4-di- N-oxides, previously found to inhibit F. hepatica cathepsin Ls and tested their in vitro activity with the isolated targets and the parasites in culture. These molecules proved to be good cathepsin inhibitors and to kill the juvenile parasites at micromolar concentrations. Also, we performed molecular docking studies to analyze the compounds-cathepsins interface, finding that the best inhibitors interact at the active site cleft and contact the catalytic dyad and residues belonging to the substrate binding pockets. We conclude that the hybrid compounds constitute promising scaffolds for the further development of new fasciolicidal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Ferraro
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Alicia Merlino
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo, 11400, Uruguay
| | - Jorge Gil
- Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Producción y Reproducción de Rumiantes, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte-Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- ISTUN Institute of Tropical Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Campus Universitario, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ileana Corvo
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Cabrera
- Laboratorio de I+D de Moléculas Bioactivas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Ruta 3 km 363, Paysandú, 60000, Uruguay
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3
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Angrish N, Lalwani N, Khare G. In silico virtual screening for the identification of novel inhibitors against dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a key enzyme of diaminopimelate pathway. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0135923. [PMID: 37855602 PMCID: PMC10714930 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01359-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Non-compliance to lengthy antituberculosis (TB) treatment regimen, associated side effects, and emergence of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) emphasize the need to develop more effective anti-TB drugs. Here, we have evaluated the role of M. tb dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DapB), a component of the diaminopimelate pathway, which is involved in the biosynthesis of both lysine and mycobacterial cell wall. We showed that DapB is essential for the in vitro as well as intracellular growth of M. tb. We further utilized M. tb DapB, as a target for identification of inhibitors by employing in silico virtual screening, and conducted various in vitro screening assays to identify inhibitors with potential to inhibit DapB activity and in vitro and intracellular growth of M. tb with no significant cytotoxicity against various mammalian cell lines. Altogether, M. tb DapB serves as an important drug target and a hit molecule, namely, 4-(3-Phenylazoquinoxalin-2-yl) butanoic acid methyl ester has been identified as an antimycobacterial molecule in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Angrish
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Lalwani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Garima Khare
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
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Buravchenko GI, Shchekotikhin AE. Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides: Advances in Chemistry and Chemotherapeutic Drug Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1174. [PMID: 37631089 PMCID: PMC10459860 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Oxides of heterocyclic compounds are the focus of medical chemistry due to their diverse biological properties. The high reactivity and tendency to undergo various rearrangements have piqued the interest of synthetic chemists in heterocycles with N-oxide fragments. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides are an example of an important class of heterocyclic N-oxides, whose wide range of biological activity determines the prospects of their practical use in the development of drugs of various pharmaceutical groups. Derivatives from this series have found application in the clinic as antibacterial drugs and are used in agriculture. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides present a promising class for the development of new drugs targeting bacterial infections, oncological diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and amoebiasis. The review considers the most important methods for the synthesis and key directions in the chemical modification of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives, analyzes their biological properties, and evaluates the prospects for the practical application of the most interesting compounds.
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V. Bala Aakash, Ramalakshmi N, Bhuvaneswari S, Sankari E, Arunkumar S. Comprehensive Review on Versatile Pharmacology of Quinoxaline Derivative. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022040069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Buravchenko GI, Maslov DA, Alam MS, Grammatikova NE, Frolova SG, Vatlin AA, Tian X, Ivanov IV, Bekker OB, Kryakvin MA, Dontsova OA, Danilenko VN, Zhang T, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2-Acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:155. [PMID: 35215268 PMCID: PMC8877263 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in pathogens leads to a loss of effectiveness of antimicrobials and complicates the treatment of bacterial infections. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides represent a prospective scaffold for search of new compounds with improved chemotherapeutic characteristics. Novel 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides with alteration of substituents at position 2 and 6 were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with piperazine moiety and evaluated against a broad panel of bacteria and fungi by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentrations. Their mode of action was assessed by whole-genomic sequencing of spontaneous drug-resistant Mycobacterium smegmatis mutants, followed by comparative genomic analysis, and on an original pDualrep2 system. Most of the 2-acyl-3-trifluoromethylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides showed high antibacterial properties against Gram-positive strains, including mycobacteria, and the introduction of a halogen atom in the position 6 of the quinoxaline ring further increased their activity, with 13c being the most active compound. The mode of action studies confirmed the DNA-damaging nature of the obtained quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides, while drug-resistance may be provided by mutations in redox homeostasis genes, encoding enzymes potentially involved in the activation of the compounds. This study extends views about the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides and can potentially lead to the discovery of new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina I. Buravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (G.I.B.); (N.E.G.); (I.V.I.)
| | - Dmitry A. Maslov
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Md Shah Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Svetlana G. Frolova
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
- Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksey A. Vatlin
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
- Institute of Ecology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ivan V. Ivanov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 119021 Moscow, Russia; (G.I.B.); (N.E.G.); (I.V.I.)
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, 125190 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga B. Bekker
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Maxim A. Kryakvin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (O.A.D.)
| | - Olga A. Dontsova
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.A.K.); (O.A.D.)
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143028 Skolkovo, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.M.); (S.G.F.); (A.A.V.); (O.B.B.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; (M.S.A.); (X.T.); (T.Z.)
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou 510530, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Egorova A, Salina EG, Makarov V. Targeting Non-Replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Latent Infection: Alternatives and Perspectives (Mini-Review). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413317. [PMID: 34948114 PMCID: PMC8707483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a major challenge to curing TB disease. Current guidelines for LTBI management include only three older drugs and their combinations-isoniazid and rifamycins (rifampicin and rifapentine). These available control strategies have little impact on latent TB elimination, and new specific therapeutics are urgently needed. In the present mini-review, we highlight some of the alternatives that may potentially be included in LTBI treatment recommendations and a list of early-stage prospective small molecules that act on drug targets specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Elena G. Salina
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Montana M, Montero V, Khoumeri O, Vanelle P. Quinoxaline Moiety: A Potential Scaffold against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Molecules 2021; 26:4742. [PMID: 34443334 PMCID: PMC8398470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The past decades have seen numerous efforts to develop new antitubercular agents. Currently, the available regimens are lengthy, only partially effective, and associated with high rates of adverse events. The challenge is therefore to develop new agents with faster and more efficient action. The versatile quinoxaline ring possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, ensuring considerable attention to it in the field of medicinal chemistry. Objectives. In continuation of our program on the pharmacological activity of quinoxaline derivatives, this review focuses on potential antimycobacterial activity of recent quinoxaline derivatives and discusses their structure-activity relationship for designing new analogs with improved activity. Methods. The review compiles recent studies published between January 2011 and April 2021. Results. The final total of 23 studies were examined. Conclusions. Data from studies of quinoxaline and quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives highlight that specific derivatives show encouraging perspectives in the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the recent growing interest for these scaffolds. These interesting results warrant further investigation, which may allow identification of novel antitubercular candidates based on this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Montana
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Oncopharma, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Montero
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Omar Khoumeri
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.M.); (V.M.); (O.K.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Service Central de la Qualité et de l’Information Pharmaceutiques (SCQIP), 13005 Marseille, France
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Discovery of novel nitrogenous heterocyclic-containing quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides as potent activator of autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113657. [PMID: 34217060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a continuation of our research on antimycobacterial agents, a series of novel quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) containing various nitrogenous heterocyclic moieties at the R6 position were designed and synthesized. Antimycobacterial activities, as well as the cytotoxic effects, of the compounds were assayed. Four compounds (6b, 6f, 6n, and 6o), characterized by 2-carboxylate ethyl or benzyl ester, 6-imidazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl, and a 7-fluorine group, exhibited the most potent antimycobacterial activity against M.tb strain H37Rv (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL) with low toxicity in VERO cells (SI = 169.3-412.1). Compound 6o also exhibited excellent antimycobacterial activity in an M.tb-infected macrophage model and was selected for further exploration of the mode of antimycobacterial action of QdNOs. The results showed that compound 6o was capable of disrupting membrane integrity and disturbing energy homeostasis in M.tb. Furthermore, compound 6o noticeably increased cellular ROS levels and, subsequently, induced autophagy in M.tb-infected macrophages, possibly indicating the pathways of QdNOs-mediated inhibition of intracellular M.tb replication. The in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles indicated that compounds 6o was acceptably safe and possesses favorable PK properties. Altogether, these findings suggest that compound 6o is a promising antimycobacterial candidate for further research.
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Raphoko LA, Lekgau K, Lebepe CM, Leboho TC, Matsebatlela TM, Nxumalo W. Synthesis of novel quinoxaline-alkynyl derivatives and their anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127784. [PMID: 33422606 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study report on the synthesis of a series of novel quinoxaline-alkynyl derivatives that were evaluated for their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37RV strain. A total of 19 compounds bearing an alcohol, aldehyde, mesylate and ester groups on the alkynly group, and also containing a chloro and nitro groups at the 6-position, were prepared. Seven compounds (3c, 4a-b, 5a, 5c, 6c and 6i), were found to have MIC90 < 10 µM, while five compounds (3b, 6a, 6b, 6d and 6h) had MIC90 in the range 10-20 µM. Compounds bearing a nitro substituent in the 6-position were generally more active and demonstrated a better safety profile, when compared to the unsubstituted and 6-chloro derivatives. Of the seven most active compounds, four contained nitro group at the 6-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lerato A Raphoko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Karabo Lekgau
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Charity M Lebepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Tlabo C Leboho
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Thabe M Matsebatlela
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - Winston Nxumalo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
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Rivera G. Quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-Oxide Derivatives: Are They Unselective or Selective Inhibitors? Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:15-25. [PMID: 33573542 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210126142541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, the quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide ring has been considered a privileged structure to develop new antibacterial, antitumoural, and antiprotozoal agents, among others, however its mechanism of action is not clear. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this mini-review was to analyze the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives reported as antibacterial, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents. RESULTS Initially, the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives against bacteria, tumoural cell lines, and parasites has been described as nonspecific, but recently, the results against different organisms have shown that these compounds have an inhibitory action on specific targets such as trypanothione reductase, triosephosphate isomerase, and other essential enzymes. CONCLUSION In summary, quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide is a scaffold to develop new anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antitumoural and antiprotozoal agents, however, understanding the mechanism of action of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives in each microorganism could contribute to the development of new, and more potent selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa. Mexico
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12
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Potential anti-TB investigational compounds and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy: a conspectus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5633-5662. [PMID: 32372202 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest WHO report estimates about 1.6 million global deaths annually from TB, which is further exacerbated by drug-resistant (DR) TB and comorbidities with diabetes and HIV. Exiguous dosing, incomplete treatment course, and the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to tolerate and survive current first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, in either their latent state or active state, has resulted in an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB). Although a better understanding of the TB microanatomy, genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, has resulted in the discovery of a few novel promising anti-TB drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers of late, no new anti-TB drug candidates have been approved for routine therapy in over 50 years, with only bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid recently receiving tentative regulatory approval. Considering this, alternative approaches for identifying possible new anti-TB drug candidates, for effectively eradicating both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are still urgently required. Subsequently, several antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs with known treatment indications (TB targeted and non-TB targeted) are now being repurposed and/or derivatized as novel antibiotics for possible use in TB therapy. Insights gathered here reveal that more studies focused on drug-drug interactions between licensed and potential lead anti-TB drug candidates need to be prioritized. This write-up encapsulates the most recent findings regarding investigational compounds with promising anti-TB potential and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy.
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Silva L, Coelho P, Teixeira D, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Soares R, Prudêncio C, Vieira M. Oxidative Stress Modulation and Radiosensitizing Effect of Quinoxaline-1,4-Dioxides Derivatives. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:111-120. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191028091547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (QNX) derivatives are synthetic heterocyclic compounds with
multiple biological and pharmacological effects.
Objective:
In this study, we investigated the oxidative status of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides derivatives in modulating
melanoma and glioma cell lines, based on previous results from the research group and their capability to
promote cell damage by the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).
Methods:
Using in vitro cell cultures, the influence of 2-amino-3-cyanoquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide (2A3CQNX), 3-
methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide-1,4-dioxide (3M2QNXC) and 2-hydroxyphenazine-1,4-dioxide (2HF) was
evaluated in metabolic activity, catalase activity, glutathione and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) quantitation by HPLC
in malignant melanocytes (B16-F10, MeWo) and brain tumor cells (GL-261 and BC3H1) submitted to radiotherapy
treatments (total dose of 6 Gy).
Results:
2HF increased the levels of 3-NT in non-irradiated MeWo and glioma cell lines and decreased cell
viability in these cell lines with and without irradiation.
Conclusions:
Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxides derivatives modulate the oxidative status in malignant melanocytes and
brain tumor cell lines and exhibited a potential radiosensitizer in vitro action on the tested radioresistant cell
lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Silva
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude Ambiental (CISA), Escola Superior de Saude do Porto, Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coelho
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude Ambiental (CISA), Escola Superior de Saude do Porto, Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dulce Teixeira
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude Ambiental (CISA), Escola Superior de Saude do Porto, Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Servico de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- Servico de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Bioquimica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude Ambiental (CISA), Escola Superior de Saude do Porto, Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieira
- Centro de Investigacao em Saude Ambiental (CISA), Escola Superior de Saude do Porto, Politecnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Buravchenko GI, Scherbakov AM, Korlukov AА, Dorovatovskii PV, Shchekotikhin AE. Revision of the Regioselectivity of the Beirut Reaction of Monosubstituted Benzofuroxans with Benzoylacetonitrile. 6-Substituted quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4- dioxides: Structural Characterization and Estimation of Anticancer Activity and Hypoxia Selectivity. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:29-39. [PMID: 32103715 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666191210100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides have a broad range of biological activity that causes a growing interest in their derivatives for drug discovery. Recent studies demonstrated that quinoxaline 1,4- dioxides have a promising anticancer activity and good hypoxia-selectivity. OBJECTIVE The preparation, isolation, structure characterization, and screening for anticancer activity of the first representatives of 6-substituted quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides have been described. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of 7- and 6-halogeno-3-phenylquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides was synthesized by the Beirut reaction. The cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT test (72 h incubation) in normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (1% O2) conditions. RESULTS We found that during the Beirut reaction between a benzofuroxan bearing an electron withdrawing group and benzoylacetonitrile in the presence of triethylamine, in addition to well-known 7-substituted quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides 7-11a, the 6-isomers 7-11b are formed. Moreover, the yield of the 6- isomers increased with the increase in the electron-withdrawing character of the substituent. For benzofuroxans with CO2Me and CF3 groups, 6-substituted quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides 10-11b were the major products. Despite similarities in physicochemical and spectroscopic properties, the obtained isomers exhibit considerable differences in their anticancer activity and hypoxia selectivity. CONCLUSION Substituents and their electronic effects play a key role in the formation of 7- and 6-substituted quinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-dioxides in the Beirut reaction and in the cytotoxicity properties of the obtained isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina I Buravchenko
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russian Federation.,Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125190, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye sh., Moscow 115522, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander А Korlukov
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov str., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova pl., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey E Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow 119021, Russian Federation.,Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125190, Russian Federation
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15
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Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide derivatives inhibitory action in melanoma and brain tumor cells. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:645-657. [PMID: 30964331 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide derivatives are synthetic heterocyclic compounds with multiple biological and pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated the bioactivity of five quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxides derivatives in different animal cell lines. Materials & methods: Using in vitro cell cultures, we evaluated the influence of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 2-methylquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 2-amino-3-cyanoquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, 3-methyl-2-quinoxalinecarboxamide-1,4-dioxide and 2-hydroxyphenazine-N,N-dioxide (2HF) in the viability, migration and proliferation of nonmalignant (3T3-L1 and human dermal microvascular endothelial cell) and malignant (B16-F10, MeWo, GL-261 and BC3H1) cell lines. Results: The viability IC50 concentrations for each quinoxaline-1,4-di-N-oxide derivative were calculated, and a concomitant reduction of migration and proliferation was observed mainly in malignant cell lines. Conclusion: 2HF exhibited potent anti-viability, anti-migration and anti-proliferative actions selectively in tumor cells, nevertheless more studies are required to further investigate 2HF promising biologic effects.
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16
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Shen X, Gates KS. Enzyme-Activated Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Heterocyclic N-Oxides under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions and Its Relevance to Hypoxia-Selective Prodrugs. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:348-361. [PMID: 30817135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Enzymatic one-electron reduction of heterocyclic N-oxides can lead to the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species via several different chemical pathways. These reactions may be relevant to hypoxia-selective anticancer drugs, antimicrobial agents, and unwanted toxicity of heterocylic nitrogen compounds.
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17
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Rani A, Anand A, Kumar K, Kumar V. Recent developments in biological aspects of chalcones: the odyssey continues. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:249-288. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1573812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Chemistry, Khalsa College, Amritsar, India
| | - Kewal Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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18
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Dewangan D, Nakhate K, Mishra A, Thakur AS, Rajak H, Dwivedi J, Sharma S, Paliwal S. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Quinoxaline Derivatives as a Potent Antimicrobial Agent. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhansay Dewangan
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research; Bhilai 490024 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Kartik Nakhate
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research; Bhilai 490024 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Achal Mishra
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Junwani 490020 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Alok Singh Thakur
- Sri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy; Kumhari 490042 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Harish Rajak
- Department of Pharmacy; Guru Ghasidas Central University; Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry; Banasthali University; Banasthali 304022 Rajasthan India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy; Banasthali University; Banasthali 304022 Rajasthan India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy; Banasthali University; Banasthali 304022 Rajasthan India
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19
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Wu J, Zhang H, Ding X, Tan X, Chen J, He W, Deng H, Song L, Shen HC, Cao W. Potassium Iodide-Promoted One-Pot Synthesis of Fluoroalkylated Quinoxalines via a Tandem Michael Addition/Azidation/Cycloamination Approach. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9422-9429. [PMID: 30025451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroalkylated quinoxlines with various groups were efficiently synthesized via a one-pot tandem Michael addition/azidation/cycloamination process. Under the mild and metal-free conditions, a bis-imine intermediate (4a) was detected and isolated for the first time. KI played a crucial role in this reaction. The mechanism was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche R&D Center (China) Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche R&D Center (China) Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xuefei Tan
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche R&D Center (China) Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Weimin He
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Hongmei Deng
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Liping Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China
| | - Hong C Shen
- Roche Innovation Center Shanghai , Roche R&D Center (China) Ltd. , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Chemistry , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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20
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Liu B, Li F, Zhou T, Tang XQ, Hu GW. Quinoline Derivatives with Potential Activity Against Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Liu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qin Tang
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wen Hu
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning People's Republic of China
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21
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Keri RS, Pandule SS, Budagumpi S, Nagaraja BM. Quinoxaline and quinoxaline-1,4-di-N
-oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700325. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rangappa S. Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | | | - Srinivasa Budagumpi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
| | - Bhari M. Nagaraja
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University; Jain Global Campus; Bangalore India
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22
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Quinoxaline: An insight into the recent pharmacological advances. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:542-557. [PMID: 29207337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoxaline, a fused heterocycle of benzene and pyrazine rings has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities viz. anti-cancer, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-HIV etc. Diversely substituted quinoxalines are important therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focusses on the quinoxaline derivatives developed during the last decennial period and their biomedical applications. A compilation of patents on quinoxaline is also included herein.
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23
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Boraei ATA, El Tamany ESH, Ali IAI, Gebriel SM. Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Quinoxaline Derivatives Synthesized by Selective Coupling with Alkyl Halides and Amino Acids Esters. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed T. A. Boraei
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - El Sayed H. El Tamany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim A. I. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Sara M. Gebriel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Suez Canal University; Ismailia 41522 Egypt
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