1
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Bendi A, Yadav P, Saini K, Singh Bhathiwal A, Raghav N. A Comprehensive Examination of Heterocyclic Scaffold Chemistry for Antitubercular Activity. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400067. [PMID: 38500408 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a communicable disease which affects humans particularly the lungs and is transmitted mainly through air. Despite two decades of intensive research aimed at understanding and combating tuberculosis, persistent biological uncertainties continue to hinder progress. Nowadays, heterocyclic compounds have proven themselves in effective treatment of tuberculosis because of their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Antituberculosis or antimycobacterial agents encompass a broad array of compounds utilized singly or in conjunction to combat Mycobacterium infections, spanning from tuberculosis to leprosy. Here, we summarize the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds which includes the greener synthetic route as well as use of nano compounds as catalyst along with their anti TB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Rajanukunte, Itgalpura, 560064, Bangalore, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, 122505, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Komal Saini
- Applied Sciences and Humanities, World College of Technology and Management, 122506, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Anirudh Singh Bhathiwal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, SGT University, 122505, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, 136119, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
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2
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Azizi N, Saadat M, Edrisi M. Facile synthesis of FeCeO x nanoparticles encapsulated carbon nitride catalyst for highly efficient and recyclable synthesis of substituted imidazoles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17474. [PMID: 37838814 PMCID: PMC10576832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a novel composite called FeCeOx@g-C3N4 through a combination of sonication, sintering, and hydrothermal techniques to implement the principles of green chemistry by utilizing reusable nanocomposites in one-pot reactions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the catalyst's structure, composition, and morphology, various characterization methods were employed. These included FT-IR analysis to examine chemical bonds, SEM and TEM imaging to visualize the catalyst's surface and internal structure, TGA to assess thermal stability, EDS for elemental composition analysis, and XRD to determine crystal structure. The FeCeOx@g-C3N4 nanocatalyst demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the one-pot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted and 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazole. Noteworthy features of this catalyst included high percentage yield, mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and an efficient and straightforward procedure. Furthermore, the FeCeOx@g-C3N4 composite exhibited excellent recyclability and reusability. It could be recycled and reused up to four times without a significant decline in catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmedin Azizi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Saadat
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Edrisi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, P.O. Box 14335-186, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Korbekandi M, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Moghadam M, Tangestaninejad S, Mirkhani V, Omidvar A, Notash B. Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride-CuCl as a New Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydrocinnolin-5(1 H)-ones. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15883-15895. [PMID: 37179652 PMCID: PMC10173344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study deals with the synthesis and characterization of a novel catalyst made from diphenhydramine hydrochloride and CuCl ([HDPH]Cl-CuCl). The prepared catalyst was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, such as 1H NMR, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry. More importantly, the observed hydrogen bond between the components was proven experimentally. The activity of this catalyst was checked in the preparation of some new derivatives of tetrahydrocinnolin-5(1H)-ones via a multicomponent reaction between dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, and aryl/alkyl hydrazines in ethanol as a green solvent. Also, for the first time, this new homogeneous catalytic system was effectively used for the preparation of unsymmetric tetrahydrocinnolin-5(1H)-one derivatives as well as mono- and bis-tetrahydrocinnolin-5(1H)-ones from two different aryl aldehydes and dialdehydes, respectively. The effectiveness of this catalyst was further confirmed by the preparation of compounds containing both tetrahydrocinnolin-5(1H)-one and benzimidazole moieties from dialdehydes. The one-pot operation, mild conditions, rapid reaction, and high atom economy, along with the recyclability and reusability of the catalyst, are other notable features of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri
Moeini Korbekandi
- Department
of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University
of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | | | - Majid Moghadam
- Department
of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University
of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Shahram Tangestaninejad
- Department
of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University
of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department
of Chemistry, Catalysis Division, University
of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Akbar Omidvar
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Behrouz Notash
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti
University, Tehran 1983963113 Iran
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4
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Abd El-Lateef HM, Abdelhamid AA, Khalaf MM, Gouda M, Elkanzi NAA, El-Shamy H, Ali AM. Green Synthesis of Novel Pyridines via One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction and Their Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11326-11334. [PMID: 37008112 PMCID: PMC10061656 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A functional and environmentally green procedure for the design of novel pyridine 5a-h and 7a-d derivatives through two pathways is presented. The first pathway is via a one-pot, four-component reaction of p-formylphenyl-4-toluenesulfonate (1), ethyl cyanoacetate (2), acetophenone derivatives 3a-h or acetyl derivatives 6a-d, and ammonium acetate (4) under microwave irradiation in ethanol. The advantages of this method are an excellent yield (82%-94%), pure products, a short reaction time (2-7 min), and low-cost processing. The second pathway was obtained by the traditional method with treatment of the same mixture under refluxing in ethanol, which afforded the same products, 5a-h and 7a-d, in less yield (71%-88%) and over a longer reaction time (6-9 h). The constructions of the novel compounds were articulated via spectral and elemental analysis. Overall, the compounds have been designed, synthesized, and studied for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using diclofenac as a reference drug (5 mg/kg). The most potent four compounds, 5a, 5f, 5g, and 5h, showed promising anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Antar A. Abdelhamid
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha
University, P.O. Box 1988, Al Baha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Khalaf
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gouda
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal
University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia. A. A. Elkanzi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan
University, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Hemdan El-Shamy
- Deanship
of Student Affairs, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M. Ali
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag
University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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5
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Omidi M, Mobinikhaledi A, Ahadi N. A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Indole Derivatives in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by [DMAP-SO 3H]Cl and [DMAP-H]HSO 4. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2162319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Omidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Akbar Mobinikhaledi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
- Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Najmieh Ahadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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6
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Kushwaha N, Sahu A, Mishra J, Soni A, Dorwal D. An Insight on the Prospect of Quinazoline and Quinazolinone Derivatives as Anti-tubercular Agents. Curr Org Synth 2023; 20:838-869. [PMID: 36927421 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230316094435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Multiple potential drugs have been developed based on the heterocyclic molecules for the treatment of different symptoms. Among the existing heterocyclic molecules, quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives have been found to exhibit extensive pharmacological and biological characteristics. One significant property of these molecules is their potency as anti-tubercular agents. Thus, both quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives are modified using different functional groups as substituents for investigating their anti-tubercular activities. We present a summary of the reported anti-tubercular drugs, designed using quinazoline and quinazolinone derivatives, in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adarsh Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Jyotika Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Ankit Soni
- Sri Aurobindo Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, India
| | - Dhawal Dorwal
- Sri Aurobindo Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, India
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7
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Francis D, Farooque S, Meager A, Derks D, Leggott A, Warriner S, O'Neill AJ, Nelson A. Algorithm-driven activity-directed expansion of a series of antibacterial quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9672-9678. [PMID: 36448404 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Activity-directed synthesis (ADS) is a structure-blind, function driven approach that can drive the discovery of bioactive small molecules. In ADS, arrays of reactions are designed and executed, and the crude product mixtures are then directly screened to identify reactions that yield bioactive products. The design of subsequent reaction arrays is then informed by the hit reactions that are discovered. In this study, algorithms for reaction array design were developed in which the reactions to be executed were selected from a large set of virtual reactions; the reactions were selected on the basis of similarity to reactions known to yield bioactive products. The algorithms were harnessed to design arrays of photoredox-catalysed alkylation reactions whose crude products were then screened for inhibition of growth of S. aureus ATCC29213. It was demonstrated that the approach enabled expansion of a series of antibacterial quinazolinones. It is envisaged that such algorithms could ultimately enable fully autonomous activity-directed molecular discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Francis
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sannia Farooque
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Archie Meager
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Didi Derks
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Abbie Leggott
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alex J O'Neill
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Adam Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. .,Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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8
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Benzo[ d]thiazole-2-carboxamides as new antituberculosis chemotypes inhibiting mycobacterial ATP phosphoribosyl transferase. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1847-1864. [PMID: 36444737 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The screening of antimycobacterial benzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamides against ATP-phosphoribosyl transferase (ATP-PRTase) was conducted. Materials & methods: The antitubercular potential of compounds 1 and 2 against ATP-PRTase was assessed through the determination of half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and binding constant (Kd), as well as competitive inhibitory studies and studies of perturbation of secondary structure, molecular modeling and L-histidine complementation assay. Results & conclusion: Compounds 1n and 2a significantly inhibited ATP-PRTase as evidenced by their EC50 and Kd values and the perturbation of the secondary structure study. Compound 1n exhibited stronger competitive inhibition toward ATP compared with 2a. The inhibition of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by targeting the L-histidine biosynthesis pathway and molecular modeling studies further supported the inhibition of ATP-PRTase.
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9
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Pattarawarapan M, Yamano D, Wiriya N, Hongsibsong S, Phakhodee W. Direct Access to 2‐Aminobenzoxazinones via Ph
3
P‐I
2
Mediated Deoxygenative Amination of Isatoic Anhydrides with Tertiary Amines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mookda Pattarawarapan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Dolnapa Yamano
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Nittaya Wiriya
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Surat Hongsibsong
- School of Health Science Research Research Institute for Health Science Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - Wong Phakhodee
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
- Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources Chiang Mai University 50200 Chiang Mai Thailand
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10
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Bacterial FtsZ inhibition by benzo[ d]imidazole-2-carboxamide derivative with anti-TB activity. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1361-1373. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The present study aimed to assess the mode of action of previously reported anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis benzo[ d]imidazole-2-carboxamides against FtsZ along with their antibacterial potential. Materials & methods: The anti-mycobacterial action of benzo[ d]imidazole-2-carboxamides against FtsZ was evaluated using inhibition of Bacillus subtilis 168, light scattering assay, circular dichroism spectroscopy, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Results & conclusion: Three compounds (1k, 1o and 1e) were active against isoniazid-resistant strains. Four compounds (1h, 1i, 1o and 4h) showed >70% inhibition against B. subtilis 168. Compound 1o was the most potent inhibitor (91 ± 5% inhibition) of B. subtilis 168 FtsZ and perturbed its secondary structure. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation of complexed 1o suggested M. tuberculosis FtsZ as a possible target for antitubercular activity.
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11
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Ali H, El-Ossaily YA, Metwally SA, Althobaiti IO, Altaleb HA, Naffea YA, Tolba MS. Catalytic and Multicomponent Reactions for Green Synthesis of Some Pyrazolone Compounds and Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29142-29152. [PMID: 36033712 PMCID: PMC9404472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A green synthetic approach and facile method was developed to produce pyrazole compounds (6a-d) by the reaction of ethyl acetoacetate (1), hydrazines (2a-d), and catalytic imidazole (3) in aqueous media. 4-Dicyanomethylene-2-pyrazoline-5-one derivatives (14a-d) were synthesized through the reaction of 2-pyrazoline-5-one derivatives (6a-d) with tetracyanoethylene (TCE) (7) by using catalytic imidazole (3) in an aqueous medium. Moreover, the 4-dicyanomethylene derivative (16) was obtained via treatment of 1-phenyl-3,5-pyrazolidinedione (15) with TCE (7). The spiropyrazoleoxirane derivatives (18 and 20) were prepared by treating the precursor 4-dicyanomethylene-2-pyrazoline-5-one derivative (14b) with hydrogen peroxide in various polar solvents under alkaline conditions. The spiropyrazole oxirane derivative (18) was used as a precursor for the design of functionalized pyrazolone derivatives (24 and 27a, b). The chemical structure of the novel designed derivatives was ascertained based on elemental analyses, mp, thin-layer chromatography, and spectral analyses. Furthermore, some of the synthesized derivatives were examined against different pathogenic bacterial and fungal strains. Their results demonstrated that some of them revealed notable antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim
M. Ali
- Department
of Chemistry,College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A. El-Ossaily
- Department
of Chemistry,College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saoud A. Metwally
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department
of Chemistry,College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawwarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousra A. Naffea
- Plant
protection research institute, Agricultural research center, Dokki, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud S. Tolba
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley
University, El-Kharja 72511, Egypt
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12
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Dhameliya TM, Devani AA, Patel KA, Shah KC. Comprehensive Coverage on Anti‐mycobacterial Endeavour Reported in 2021. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aanal A. Devani
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
| | - Krupa A. Patel
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
| | - Kashvi C. Shah
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380 009 Gujarat India
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13
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Dhameliya TM, Nagar PR, Gajjar ND. Systematic virtual screening in search of SARS CoV-2 inhibitors against spike glycoprotein: pharmacophore screening, molecular docking, ADMET analysis and MD simulations. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2775-2792. [PMID: 35132518 PMCID: PMC8821869 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of efficient anti-viral medications, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), stemming from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2), has spawned a worldwide catastrophe and global emergency. Amidst several anti-viral targets of COVID-19, spike glycoprotein has been recognized as an essential target for the viral entry into the host cell. In the search of effective SARS CoV-2 inhibitors acting against spike glycoprotein, the virtual screening of 175,851 ligands from the 2020.1 Asinex BioDesign library has been performed using in silico tools like SiteMap analysis, pharmacophore-based screening, molecular docking using different levels of precision, such as high throughput virtual screening, standard precision and extra precision, followed by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity analysis, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Following a molecular docking study, seventeen molecules (with a docking score of less than - 6.0) were identified having the substantial interactions with the catalytic amino acid and nucleic acid residues of spike glycoprotein at the binding site. In investigations using MD simulations for 10 ns, the hit molecules (1 and 2) showed adequate compactness and uniqueness, as well as satisfactory stability. These computational research findings have offered a key starting point in the field of design and development of novel SARS CoV-2 entry inhibitors with appropriate drug likeliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
| | - Prinsa R Nagar
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Normi D Gajjar
- L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
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14
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Dhameliya TM, Nagar PR, Bhakhar KA, Jivani HR, Shah BJ, Patel KM, Patel VS, Soni AH, Joshi LP, Gajjar ND. Recent advancements in applications of ionic liquids in synthetic construction of heterocyclic scaffolds: A spotlight. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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A review on synthetic account of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents. Mol Divers 2022; 26:2967-2980. [PMID: 34984590 PMCID: PMC8727175 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Most of the currently marketed drugs consist of heterocyclic scaffolds containing nitrogen and or oxygen as heteroatoms in their structures. Several research groups have synthesized diversely substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents having anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-leishmanial, etc. activities. For the first time, the present review article will provide the coverage of synthetic account of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as anti-infective agents along with their potential for SAR, activity potential, promising target for mode of action. The efforts have been made to provide the chemical intuitions to the reader to design new chemical entity with potential of anti-infective activity. This review will mark the impact as the valuable, comprehensive and pioneered work along with the library of synthetic strategies for the organic and medicinal chemists for further refinement of 1,2,4-oxadiazole as anti-infective agents.
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16
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Bhakhar KA, Sureja DK, Dhameliya TM. Synthetic account of indoles in search of potential anti-mycobacterial agents: A review and future insights. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Recent advancements and developments in search of anti-tuberculosis agents: A quinquennial update and future directions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Biswas SK, Das D. One-pot Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives via Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) and their Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x19666211220141622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Many pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives display diverse biological activities and some of them are known as anticancer, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malarial agents. In recent years, easy convergent, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have been adopted to make highly functionalizedpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives of biological interest. The synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (1,4-DHPP, 2), 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (2,4-DHPP, 3), 4-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (4-HPP, 4) derivatives, 1,4,4-substitied pyranopyrazole (SPP, 5) were reported via two-, three-, four- and five-component reactions (MCRs).
Methods:
This review article compiles the preparation of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives, and it highlights the applications of various pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives in medicinal chemistry.
Results:
Varieties of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were achieved via “One-pot” multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Different reaction conditions in the presence of a catalyst or without catalysts were adapted to prepare the pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives.
Conclusion:
Biologically active pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives were prepared and used in drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan Kumar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Sree Chaitanya College, Habra, 24-Pgs(N), West Bengal 743268, India
| | - Debasis Das
- Department Discovery Chemistry Research, Arromax Pharmatech Co. Ltd.Sangtian Island Innovation Park, No. 1 Huayun Road, SIP, Suzhou 215123, China
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19
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In search of SARS CoV-2 replication inhibitors: Virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulations and ADMET analysis. J Mol Struct 2021; 1246:131190. [PMID: 34334813 PMCID: PMC8313085 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome has relapsed recently as novel coronavirus causing a life threat to the entire world in the absence of an effective therapy. To hamper the replication of the deadly SARS CoV-2 inside the host cells, systematic in silico virtual screening of total 267,324 ligands from Asinex EliteSynergy and BioDesign libraries has been performed using AutoDock Vina against RdRp. The molecular modeling studies revealed the identification of twenty-one macrocyclic hits (2-22) with better binding energy than remdesivir (1), marketed SARS CoV-2 inhibitor. Further, the analysis using rules for drug-likeness and their ADMET profile revealed the candidature of these hits due to superior oral bioavailability and druggability. Further, the MD simulation studies of top two hits (2 and 3) performed using GROMACS 2020.1 for 10 ns revealed their stability into the docked complexes. These results provide an important breakthrough in the design of macrocyclic hits as SARS CoV-2 RNA replicase inhibitor.
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Key Words
- ACE2, angiotensin converting enzyme 2
- ADMET assay
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BOILED, brain or intestinal estimated permeation method
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019
- E, envelope protein
- FDA, food and drugs administration
- HBA, hydrogen bond acceptor
- HBD, hydrogen bond donor
- HERG, human ether-a-go-go-related gene
- LOAEL, oral rat chronic toxicity
- M, membrane protein
- MD simulations
- MD, molecular dynamics
- Molecular docking
- N, nucleocapsid protein
- NSPs, non-structural proteins
- RdRp
- RdRp, RNA dependent RNA polymerase
- S, spike glycoprotein
- SARS CoV-2
- SARS CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome 2
- UTR, untranslated region
- WHO, world health organization
- pp1a/b, polyproteins
- ssRNA, single stranded ribonucleic acid
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20
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Khajeh Dangolani S, Panahi F, Khalafi-Nezhad A. Synthesis of new curcumin-based aminocarbonitrile derivatives incorporating 4H-pyran and 1,4-dihydropyridine heterocycles. Mol Divers 2021; 25:2123-2135. [PMID: 32419085 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A multicomponent reaction containing curcumin, aldehydes, malononitrile and amine was developed for the one-pot synthesis of a novel library of 4H-pyran and 1,4-dihyropyridin heterocycles incorporating curcumin moiety. The products were obtained in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst in ethanol as solvent in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Panahi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
| | - Ali Khalafi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
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21
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Identification of anti-mycobacterial agents against mmpL3: Virtual screening, ADMET analysis and MD simulations. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Saeni V, Bayat M, Hosseini FS. One‐pot synthesis of new functionalized
4
H
‐chromen‐4‐ylidene derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vosough Saeni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran
| | - Mohammad Bayat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran
| | - Fahimeh Sadat Hosseini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin Iran
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23
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Gajjar ND, Dhameliya TM, Shah GB. In search of RdRp and Mpro inhibitors against SARS CoV-2: Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations and ADMET analysis. J Mol Struct 2021; 1239:130488. [PMID: 33903778 PMCID: PMC8059878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has been declared a worldwide pandemic by WHO recently. The complete understanding of the complex genomic structure of SARS CoV-2 has enabled the use of computational tools in search of SARS CoV-2 inhibitors against the multiple proteins responsible for its entry and multiplication in human cells. With this endeavor, 177 natural, anti-viral chemical entities and their derivatives, selected through the critical analysis of the literatures, were studied using pharmacophore screening followed by molecular docking against RNA dependent RNA polymerase and main protease. The identified hits have been subjected to molecular dynamic simulations to study the stability of ligand-protein complexes followed by ADMET analysis and Lipinski filters to confirm their drug likeliness. It has led to an important start point in the drug discovery and development of therapeutic agents against SARS CoV-2.
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Key Words
- 3CLpro, 3-chymotrypsin-like protease
- ACE, Angiotensin converting enzyme
- ADMET, Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
- ASL, Atom specification language
- COVID-19, Corona virus disease-2019
- Dscore, Druggability score
- EM, Electron microscopy
- HB, Hydrogen bond
- MD simulation
- MD simulation, Molecular dynamic simulation
- Molecular docking
- Mpro
- Mpro, Main protease
- Natural products
- PLpro, Papain-like protease
- RMSD, Root mean square deviation
- RMSF, Root mean square fluctuation
- RdRP, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
- RdRp
- RoG, Radius of gyration
- SARS CoV-2
- SARS CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- SASA, Solvent accessible surface area
- SP, Standard precision
- WHO, World health organization
- nsp, Non-structural protein
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24
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Konduri S, Pogaku V, Prashanth J, Siva Krishna V, Sriram D, Basavoju S, Behera JN, Prabhakara Rao K. Sacubitril‐Based Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors for Anti‐Tubercular against Dormant
Tuberculosis. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srihari Konduri
- New Generation Materials Lab (NGML), Department of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR)(Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Vinay Pogaku
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004 Telangana India
| | - Jyothi Prashanth
- Department of Physics Kakatiya University, Warangal- 506009 Telangana India
| | - Vagolu Siva Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Jawaharnagar Hyderabad 500 078 India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Shameerpet, Jawaharnagar Hyderabad 500 078 India
| | - Srinivas Basavoju
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Warangal 506 004 Telangana India
| | - J. N. Behera
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha India
- HomiBhabha National Institute Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400 094 India
| | - Koya Prabhakara Rao
- New Generation Materials Lab (NGML), Department of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research (VFSTR)(Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi Guntur 522 213, Andhra Pradesh India
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25
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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26
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Chang M, Mahasenan KV, Hermoso JA, Mobashery S. Unconventional Antibacterials and Adjuvants. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:917-929. [PMID: 33512995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The need for new classes of antibacterials is genuine in light of the dearth of clinical options for the treatment of bacterial infections. The prodigious discoveries of antibiotics during the 1940s to 1970s, a period wistfully referred to as the Golden Age of Antibiotics, have not kept up in the face of emergence of resistant bacteria in the past few decades. There has been a renewed interest in old drugs, the repurposing of the existing antibiotics and pairing of synergistic antibiotics or of an antibiotic with an adjuvant. Notwithstanding, discoveries of novel classes of these life-saving drugs have become increasingly difficult, calling for new paradigms. We describe, herein, three strategies from our laboratories toward discoveries of new antibacterials and adjuvants using computational and multidisciplinary experimental methods. One approach targets penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), biosynthetic enzymes of cell-wall peptidoglycan, for discoveries of non-β-lactam inhibitors. Oxadiazoles and quinazolinones emerged as two structural classes out of these efforts. Several hundred analogs of these two classes of antibiotics have been synthesized and fully characterized in our laboratories. A second approach ventures into inhibition of allosteric regulation of cell-wall biosynthesis. The mechanistic details of allosteric regulation of PBP2a of Staphylococcus aureus, discovered in our laboratories, is outlined. The allosteric site in this protein is at 60 Å distance to the active site, whereby ligand binding at the former makes access to the latter by the substrate possible. We have documented that both quinazolinones and ceftaroline, a fifth-generation cephalosporin, bind to the allosteric site in manifestation of the antibacterial activity. Attempts at inhibition of the regulatory phosphorylation events identified three classes of antibacterial adjuvants and one class of antibacterials, the picolinamides. The chemical structures for these hits went through diversification by synthesis of hundreds of analogs. These analogs were characterized in various assays for identification of leads with adjuvant and antibacterial activities. Furthermore, we revisited the mechanism of bulgecins, a class of adjuvants discovered and abandoned in the 1980s. These compounds potentiate the activities of β-lactam antibiotics by the formation of bulges at the sites of septum formation during bacterial replication, which are points of structural weakness in the envelope. These bulges experience rupture, which leads to bacterial death. Bulgecin A inhibits the lytic transglycosylase Slt of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a likely transition-state mimetic for its turnover of the cell-wall peptidoglycan. Once damage to cell wall is inflicted by a β-lactam antibiotic, the function of Slt is to repair the damage. When Slt is inhibited by bulgecin A, the organism cannot cope with it and would undergo rapid lysis. Bulgecin A is an effective adjuvant of β-lactam antibiotics. These discoveries of small-molecule classes of antibacterials or of adjuvants to antibacterials hold promise in strategies for treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kiran V. Mahasenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Juan A. Hermoso
- Departamento de Cristalografía y Biología Estructural, Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006-Madrid Spain
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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27
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Dhameliya TM, Patel KI, Tiwari R, Vagolu SK, Panda D, Sriram D, Chakraborti AK. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamides as new anti-TB agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104538. [PMID: 33349456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death globally among infectious diseases. Due to the development of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to currently used anti-TB medicines and the TB-HIV synergism the urgent need to develop novel anti-mycobacterial agents has been realized. The drug-to-target path has been the successful strategy for new anti-TB drug development. All the six drug candidates that have shown promise during the clinical trials and some of these being approved for treatment against MDR TB are the results of phenotype screening of small molecule compound libraries. In search of compounds belonging to novel pharmacophoric class that could be subjected to whole cell assay to generate new anti-TB leads the benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide moiety has been designed as a novel anti-TB scaffold. The design was based on the identification of the benzimidazole ring as a prominent substructure of the FDA approved drugs, the structural analysis of reported anti-TB benzimidazoles, and the presence of the C-2 carboxamido functionality in novel bioisoteric anti-TB benzothiazoles. Twenty seven final compounds have been prepared via NH4Cl-catalyzed amidation of ethyl benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxylates, as the required intermediates, obtained through a green "all water" one-pot synthetic route following a tandem N-arylation-reduction-cyclocondensation procedure. All of the synthesised target compounds were assessed for anti-TB potential using H37Rv ATCC27294 strain. Thirteen compounds were found with better MIC (0.78-6.25 µg/mL) than the standard drugs and being non-cytotoxic nature (<50% inhibition against RAW 264.7 cell lines at 50 µg/mL). The compound 8e exhibited best anti-TB activity (MIC: 2.15 µM and selectivity index: > 60) and a few others e.g., 8a, 8f, 8k and 8o are the next best anti-TB hits (MIC: 1.56 µg/mL). The determination and analysis of various physiochemical parameters revealed favorable druglike properties of the active compounds. The compounds 8a-l and 8o, with MIC values of ≤ 6.25 μg/mL, have high LipE values (10.66-11.77) that are higher than that of the suggested value of > 6 derived from empirical evidence for quality drug candidates and highlight their therapeutic potential. The highest LipE value of 11.77 of the best active compound 8e with the MIC of 0.78 μg/mL indicates its better absorption and clearance as a probable clinical candidate for anti-TB drug discovery. These findings highlight the discovery of benzimidazole-2-carboxamides for further development as new anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Kshitij I Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Siva Krishna Vagolu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
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28
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Dutta A, Sarma D. Recent advances in the synthesis of Quinazoline analogues as Anti-TB agents. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2020; 124:101986. [PMID: 32942187 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2020.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quinazoline analogues are one of the important nitrogen containing heterocycles that have significant bioactivity as well as found in a plethora of natural products. Tuberculosis is one of the serious universal health threats caused by Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (MTB) and primarily affects the lungs. Due to their significant bioactivity and natural occurrences of quinazolines, researchers are trying to synthesize new quinazoline analogues which may have significant potency against tuberculosis. This particular review summarizes recent development of different types of quinazoline bearing analogues as anti-tubercular (anti-TB) agents and their synthesis with structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurba Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004, Assam, India.
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29
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Benzimidazoquinazolines as new potent anti-TB chemotypes: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Qian Y, Allegretta G, Janardhanan J, Peng Z, Mahasenan KV, Lastochkin E, Gozun MMN, Tejera S, Schroeder VA, Wolter WR, Feltzer R, Mobashery S, Chang M. Exploration of the Structural Space in 4(3 H)-Quinazolinone Antibacterials. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5287-5296. [PMID: 32343145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the syntheses of 79 derivatives of the 4(3H)-quinazolinones and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Twenty one analogs were further evaluated in in vitro assays. Subsequent investigation of the pharmacokinetic properties singled out compound 73 ((E)-3-(5-carboxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-cyanostyryl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one) for further study. The compound synergized with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) both in vitro and in vivo in a clinically relevant mouse model of MRSA infection. The TZP combination lacks activity against MRSA, yet it synergized with compound 73 to kill MRSA in a bactericidal manner. The synergy is rationalized by the ability of the quinazolinones to bind to the allosteric site of penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a, resulting in opening of the active site, whereby the β-lactam antibiotic now is enabled to bind to the active site in its mechanism of action. The combination effectively treats MRSA infection, for which many antibiotics (including TZP) have faced clinical obsolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Giuseppe Allegretta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Jeshina Janardhanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zhihong Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kiran V Mahasenan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Elena Lastochkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Melissa Malia N Gozun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Sara Tejera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Valerie A Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - William R Wolter
- Freimann Life Sciences Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Rhona Feltzer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Mayland Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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31
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. Constructing and deconstructing the bacterial cell wall. Protein Sci 2020; 29:629-646. [PMID: 31747090 PMCID: PMC7021008 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The history of modern medicine cannot be written apart from the history of the antibiotics. Antibiotics are cytotoxic secondary metabolites that are isolated from Nature. The antibacterial antibiotics disproportionately target bacterial protein structure that is distinct from eukaryotic protein structure, notably within the ribosome and within the pathways for bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (for which there is not a eukaryotic counterpart). This review focuses on a pre-eminent class of antibiotics-the β-lactams, exemplified by the penicillins and cephalosporins-from the perspective of the evolving mechanisms for bacterial resistance. The mechanism of action of the β-lactams is bacterial cell-wall destruction. In the monoderm (single membrane, Gram-positive staining) pathogen Staphylococcus aureus the dominant resistance mechanism is expression of a β-lactam-unreactive transpeptidase enzyme that functions in cell-wall construction. In the diderm (dual membrane, Gram-negative staining) pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa a dominant resistance mechanism (among several) is expression of a hydrolytic enzyme that destroys the critical β-lactam ring of the antibiotic. The key sensing mechanism used by P. aeruginosa is monitoring the molecular difference between cell-wall construction and cell-wall deconstruction. In both bacteria, the resistance pathways are manifested only when the bacteria detect the presence of β-lactams. This review summarizes how the β-lactams are sensed and how the resistance mechanisms are manifested, with the expectation that preventing these processes will be critical to future chemotherapeutic control of multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana
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32
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Tashrifi Z, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Biglar M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Isatoic Anhydride: A Fascinating and Basic Molecule for the Synthesis of Substituted Quinazolinones and Benzo di/triazepines. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190701142930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article is focused on the synthesis of compounds with quinazolinones and benzo di/triazepine scaffolds. These invaluable derivatives are of great interest in medicinal and pharmaceutical studies because of their important biological properties. Quinazolinones have diverse applications due to their antibacterial, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antifungal, antimalarial, antihypertensive, CNS depressant, anticonvulsant, antihistaminic, antiparkinsonism, antiviraland and anticancer activities. On the other hand, pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines include antianxiety, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antagonists of cholecystokinin receptors (CCK), antileishmanial, sleep-inducing muscle relaxant and several other useful and interesting properties. As an example, three main categories of drugs, namely anxiolytics, sedative hypnotics (sleep inducers) and anticonvulsants are constructed by 1,4-benzodiazepines. Finally, benzotriazepines are believed to possess various pharmacological properties such as antipsychotic and antitumor activities. Hence, this review is divided into three major sections, considering quinazolinones, benzodiazepines and benzotriazepines. In the first section, we take a brief look at various approaches towards synthesis of substituted quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. Also in this section, we try to give an overview of the synthetic routes and strategies recently reported for the generation of various classes of substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinones and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones. Accordingly, quinazolin-4(3H)-ones, were subdivided into three major classes: 2-substituted, 3-substituted and 2,3-disubstituted-quinazolinones. 2,3- dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones also were subdivided into six sub-categories: 2-monosubstituted, 2,2- disubstituted, 2,3-disubstituted, 1,2,3-trisubstituted, 2,2,3-trisubstituted 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones and boron-containing quinazoline-4(1H)-ones. In the other two sections, we cover the literature related to synthesis of benzo di/triazepine. The most recent developments are highlighted with a special emphasis on new synthetic routes based on isatoic anhydride as starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tashrifi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht PO Box 41335-1914, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sofi FA, Sharma R, Chakraborti AK, Bharatam PV. Tandem Oxidative Cyclocondensation towards 2,3-Disubstituted Quinazolinones in the Presence of [Bmim][BF4
] and Iodine. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 160062 S. A. S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 160062 S. A. S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Asit K. Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 160062 S. A. S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 160062 S. A. S. Nagar Punjab India
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Ultrasonication-ionic liquid synergy for the synthesis of new potent anti-tuberculosis 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-pyrazole based spirooxindolopyrrolizidines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1682-1687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gatadi S, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:287-308. [PMID: 31096152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are major causative agents responsible for serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections impacting healthcare systems globally. Over several decades, these pathogens have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics significantly affecting morbidity and mortality. Thus, these recalcitrant pathogens are amongst the most formidable microbial pathogens for which international healthcare agencies have mandated active identification and development of new antibacterial agents for chemotherapeutic intervention. In our present work, a series of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against ESKAP pathogens and pathogenic mycobacteria. The experiments revealed that 4'c, 4'e, 4'f and 4'h displayed selective and potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 0.03-0.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 4'c and 4'e were found to be benign to Vero cells (CC50 = >5 μg/mL) and displayed promising selectivity index (SI) > 167 and > 83.4 respectively. Additionally, 4'c and 4'e demonstrated equipotent MIC against multiple drug-resistant strains of S. aureus including VRSA, concentration dependent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and synergized with FDA approved drugs. Moreover, compound 4'c exhibited more potent activity in reducing the biofilm and exhibited a PAE of ∼2 h at 10X MIC which is comparable to levofloxacin and vancomycin. In vivo efficacy of 4'c in murine neutropenic thigh infection model revealed that 4'c caused a similar reduction in cfu as vancomycin. Gratifyingly, compounds 4d, 4e, 9a, 9b, 14a, 4'e and 4'f also exhibited anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values in the range of 2-16 μg/mL. In addition, the compounds were found to be less toxic to Vero cells (CC50 = 12.5->100 μg/mL), thus displaying a favourable selectivity index. The interesting results obtained here suggest the potential utilization of these new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as promising antibacterial agents for treating MDR-Staphylococcal and mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Synthesis and evaluation of new 4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)benzoic acid and benzamide derivatives as potent antibacterial agents effective against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Chem 2019; 83:569-579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bhagat S, Supriya M, Pathak S, Sriram D, Chakraborti AK. α-Sulfonamidophosphonates as new anti-mycobacterial chemotypes: Design, development of synthetic methodology, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 82:246-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Synthesis of new 3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potent antibacterial agents effective against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA). Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:175-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nandwana N, Singh RP, Patel OPS, Dhiman S, Saini HK, Jha PN, Kumar A. Design and Synthesis of Imidazo/Benzimidazo[1,2- c]quinazoline Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activity. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16338-16346. [PMID: 31458269 PMCID: PMC6643530 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A new class of fused quinazolines has been designed and synthesized via copper-catalyzed Ullmann type C-N coupling followed by intramolecular cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction in moderate to good yields. The synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against three Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Salmonella typhi) and two Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Among all tested compounds, 8ga, 8gc, and 8gd exhibited promising minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (4-8 μg/mL) for all bacterial strains tested as compared to the positive control ciprofloxacin. The synthesized compounds were also evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans and compounds 8ga, 8gc, and 8gd having potential antibacterial activity also showed pronounced antifungal activity (MIC values 8-16 μg/mL) against both strains. The bactericidal assay by propidium iodide and live-dead bacterial cell screening using a mixture of acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/Et·Br) showed considerable changes in the bacterial cell membrane, which might be the cause or consequence of cell death. Moreover, the hemolytic activity for most potent compounds (8ga, 8gc, and 8gd) showed their safety profile toward human blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh
Kumar Nandwana
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Om P. S. Patel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hitesh Kumar Saini
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat N. Jha
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla
Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
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Design and synthesis of novel 6-substituted quinazoline-2-thiols. Mol Divers 2018; 23:351-360. [PMID: 30238392 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel design and efficient protocol for the synthesis of new class of 6-substituted quinazoline-2-thiols is reported. The derivatization of the thioquinazolines is achieved in a strategic manner using 2-aminobenzylamine. The functionalization of the aniline followed by construction of the heterocyclic ring provides a facile way to synthesize these bifunctional quinazolines.
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Gatadi S, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Das S, Dasgupta A, Malasala S, Borra RS, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole linked 4(3H)-Quinazolinones as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1056-1067. [PMID: 30176536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections are an emerging global health concern leading to increasing morbidity and mortality. Continuous increase in drug resistance has underlined the need for discovery and development of new antibacterial agents acting via novel mechanisms to overcome this pressing issue. In this context, a number of 1,2,3-triazole linked 4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives were designed and synthesized as potent antibacterial agents. When evaluated against ESKAP pathogen panel, compounds 7a, 7b, 7c, 7e, 7f, 7g, 7h, 7i, 9a, 9c, 9d and 9e exhibited significantly selective inhibitory activities towards Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 0.5-4 μg/mL). To understand and confirm the specificity of these compounds, the compounds 7a and 9a were tested against E. coli and A. baumannii in combination with sub-lethal concentrations of Polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN) and were found to be inactive. This clearly indicated that these compounds possess specific and potent activity towards S. aureus and are inactive against gram-negative pathogens. Encouragingly, the compounds were also found to be non toxic to Vero cells and displayed favourable selectivity index (SI = 40 to 80). Furthermore, 7a and 9a were found to possess potent inhibitory activity when tested against multidrug resistant S. aureus including strains resistant to vancomycin (MIC values 0.5-32 μg/mL), indicating that the compounds are able to escape current drug-resistance mechanisms. With the potent anti-bacterial activity exhibited the new series of 1,2,3-triazole linked 4(3H)-quinazolinones have emerged as promising candidates for treating multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swetarka Das
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyaveni Malasala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ramya Sri Borra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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Dhameliya TM, Tiwari R, Banerjee A, Pancholia S, Sriram D, Panda D, Chakraborti AK. Benzo[d]thiazole-2-carbanilides as new anti-TB chemotypes: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:364-380. [PMID: 29902722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the second leading cause of deaths worldwide. The inadequacy of existing drugs to treat TB due to developed resistance and TB-HIV synergism urges for new anti-TB drugs. Seventy-two benzo[d]thiazole-2-carbanilides have been synthesized through CDI-mediated direct coupling of benzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxylic acids with aromatic amines using a three step methodology which includes a green protocol for synthesis of ethyl benzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxylates, precursor of the desired carboxylic acids. The compounds were evaluated in vitro for anti-tubercular activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC27294 strain). Thirty-two compounds exhibiting MIC values in the range of 0.78-6.25 μg/mL (1.9-23 μM) were subjected to cell viability test against RAW 264.7 cell lines and thirty compounds were found to be non-toxic (<50% inhibition). The most active compounds with MIC of 0.78 μg/mL (e.g., 4i, 4n, 4s, 4w, 6f, 6h, 6u, 7e, 7h, 7p, 7r and 7w) exhibit therapeutic index of 64. The structure activity relationship of the N-arylbenzo[d]thiazole-2-carboxamides has been established for anti-mycobacterial activity. Molecular docking suggests that the compounds 7w, 4i and 4n bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme ATP Phosphoribosyltransferase (HisG) and might be attributed to their anti-TB potential. These can serve as a new starting point for the development of anti-TB agents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Arkaprabha Banerjee
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sahaj Pancholia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad, 500 078, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India.
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Agarwal S, Verma E, Kumar V, Lall N, Sau S, Iyer AK, Kashaw SK. An integrated computational approach of molecular dynamics simulations, receptor binding studies and pharmacophore mapping analysis in search of potent inhibitors against tuberculosis. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 83:17-32. [PMID: 29753941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an infectious chronic disease caused by obligate pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects millions of people worldwide. Although many first and second line drugs are available for its treatment, but their irrational use has adversely lead to the emerging cases of multiple drug resistant and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Therefore, there is an intense need to develop novel potent analogues for its treatment. This has prompted us to develop potent analogues against TB. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome provides us with number of validated targets to combat against TB. Study of Mtb genome disclosed six epoxide hydrolases (A to F) which convert harmful epoxide into diols and act as a potential drug target for rational drug design. Our current strategy is to develop such analogues which inhibits epoxide hydrolase enzyme present in Mtb genome. To achieve this, we adopted an integrated computational approach involving QSAR, pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The approach envisaged vital information about the role of molecular descriptors, essential pharmacophoric features and binding energy for compounds to bind into the active site of epoxide hydrolase. Molecular docking analysis revealed that analogues exhibited significant binding to Mtb epoxide hydrolase. Further, three docked complexes 2s, 37s and 15s with high, moderate and low docking scores respectively were selected for molecular dynamics simulation studies. RMSD analysis revealed that all complexes are stable with average RMSD below 2 Å throughout the 10 ns simulations. The B-factor analysis showed that the active site residues of epoxide hydrolase are flexible enough to interact with inhibitor. Moreover, to confirm the binding of these urea derivatives, MM-GBSA binding energy analysis were performed. The calculations showed that 37s has more binding affinity (ΔGtotal = -52.24 kcal/mol) towards epoxide hydrolase compared to 2s (ΔGtotal = -51.70 kcal/mol) and 15s (ΔGtotal = -49.97 kcal/mol). The structural features inferred in our study may provide the future directions to the scientists towards the discovery of new chemical entity exhibiting anti-TB property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Ekta Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour University (A Central University), Sagar, MP, India.
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Three-component, one-pot synthesis of anthranilamide Schiff bases bearing 4-aminoquinoline moiety as Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1859-1866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ansari MF, Hayat F, Inam A, Kathrada F, van Zyl RL, Coetzee M, Ahmad K, Shin D, Azam A. New antiprotozoal agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation of different 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:460-465. [PMID: 28027871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In an endeavor to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives (5-14) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for antiprotozoal activity. The compounds were screened in vitro against the HM1: IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica and NF54 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the synthesized compounds six exhibited promising antiamoebic activity with IC50 values (0.14-1.26μM) lower than the standard drug metronidazole (IC50 1.80μM). All nine compounds exhibited antimalarial activity (IC50 range: 1.42-19.62μM), while maintaining a favorable safety profile to host red blood cells. All the compounds were less effective as an antimalarial and more toxic (IC50 range: 14.67-81.24μM) than quinine (IC50: 275.6±16.46μM) against the human kidney epithelial cells. None of the compounds exhibited any inhibitory effect on the viability of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Afreen Inam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fatima Kathrada
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Robyn L van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Maureen Coetzee
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria (WRIM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Vector Control Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kamal Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Dongyun Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Amir Azam
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India.
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