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Chen J, Zhao T, He F, Zhong Y, Wang S, Tang Z, Qiu Y, Wu Z, Fang M. Discovery of bipyridine amide derivatives targeting pRXRα-PLK1 interaction for anticancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115341. [PMID: 37058970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) is an important therapeutic target of cancer. Recently, small molecules (e.g.,XS-060 and its derivatives), which can significantly induce RXRα-dependent mitotic arrest by inhibiting pRXRα-PLK1 interaction, have been demonstrated as excellent anticancer agents. To further obtain novel RXR-targeted antimitotic agents with excellent bioactivity and drug-like properties, we herein synthesized two new series of bipyridine amide derivatives with XS-060 as the lead compound. In the reporter gene assay, most synthesized compounds showed antagonistic activity against RXRα. The most active compound, bipyridine amide B9 (BPA-B9), showed better activity than XS-060, with excellent RXRα-binding affinity (KD = 39.29 ± 1.12 nM) and anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 16 nM, SI > 3). Besides, a docking study revealed a proper fitting of BPA-B9 into the coactivator binding site of RXRα, rationalizing its potent antagonistic effect on RXRα transactivation. Further, the mechanism studies revealed that the anticancer activity of BPA-B9 was dependent on its cellular RXRα-targeted mechanism, such as inhibiting pRXRα-PLK1 interaction and inducing RXRα-dependent mitotic arrest. Besides, BPA-B9 displayed better pharmacokinetics than the lead XS-060. Further, animal assays indicated BPA-B9 had significant anticancer efficacy in vivo with no considerable side effects. Together, our study reveals a novel RXRα ligand BPA-B9 targeting the pRXRα-PLK1 interaction, with great potential as a promising anticancer drug candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Taige Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yijing Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Susu Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ziqing Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of acyl hydrazones-based derivatives as RXRα-targeted anti-mitotic agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106069. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Qin J, Liu J, Wu C, Xu J, Tang B, Guo K, Chen X, Liu W, Wu T, Zhou H, Fang M, Wu Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of (3/4-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzoyl)-based hydrazine-1-carboxamide/carbothioamide derivatives as novel RXRα antagonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:880-896. [PMID: 32223461 PMCID: PMC7170311 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alterations in the expression and biological function of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα) have a key role in the development of cancer. Potential modulators of RXRα as anticancer agents are explored in growing numbers of studies. A series of (4/3-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzoyl)hydrazine-1-carboxamide/carbothioamide derivatives are synthesised and evaluated for anticancer activity as RXRα antagonists in this study. Among all synthesised compounds, 6A shows strong antagonist activity (half maximal effective concentration (EC50) = 1.68 ± 0.22 µM), potent anti-proliferative activity against human cancer cell lines HepG2 and A549 cells (50% inhibition of cell viability (IC50) values < 10 µM), and low cytotoxic property in normal cells such as LO2 and MRC-5 cells (IC50 values > 100 µM). Further bioassays indicate that 6A inhibits 9-cis-RA-induced activity in a dose-dependent manner, and selectively binds to RXRα-=LΒD with submicromolar affinity (Kd = 1.20 × 10−7 M). 6A induces time-and dose-dependent cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and significantly stimulates caspase-3 activity, leading to RXRα-dependent apoptosis. Finally, molecular docking studies predict the binding modes for RXRα-LBD and 6A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianwen Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bowen Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kaiqiang Guo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihao Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Krężel W, Rühl R, de Lera AR. Alternative retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110436. [PMID: 31026478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) control a wide variety of functions by virtue of their dimerization with other nuclear hormone receptors (NRs), contributing thereby to activities of different signaling pathways. We review known RXR ligands as transcriptional modulators of specific RXR-dimers and the associated biological processes. We also discuss the physiological relevance of such ligands, which remains frequently a matter of debate and which at present is best met by member(s) of a novel family of retinoids, postulated as Vitamin A5. Through comparison with other natural, but also with synthetic ligands, we discuss high diversity in the modes of ligand binding to RXRs resulting in agonistic or antagonistic profiles and selectivity towards specific subtypes of permissive heterodimers. Despite such diversity, direct ligand binding to the ligand binding pocket resulting in agonistic activity was preferentially preserved in the course of animal evolution pointing to its functional relevance, and potential for existence of other, species-specific endogenous RXR ligands sharing the same mode of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U 1258, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are promiscuous partners of heterodimeric associations with other members of the Nuclear Receptor (NR) superfamily. RXR ligands ("rexinoids") either transcriptionally activate the "permissive" subclass of heterodimers or synergize with partner ligands in the "nonpermissive" subclass of heterodimers. The rationale for rexinoid design with a wide structural diversity going from the structures of existing complexes with RXR determined by X-Ray, to natural products and other ligands discovered by high-throughput screening (HTS), mere serendipity, and rationally designed based on Molecular Modeling, will be described. Included is the new generation of ligands that modulate the structure of specific receptor surfaces that serve to communicate with other regulators. The panel of the known RXR agonists, partial (ant)agonists, and/or heterodimer-selective rexinoids require the exploration of their therapeutic potential in order to overcome some of the current limitations of rexinoids in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José A Souto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, CINBIO and IBIV, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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