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Maguire S, Strachan G, Norvaiša K, Donohoe C, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Senge MO. Porphyrin Atropisomerism as a Molecular Engineering Tool in Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Recognition, Supramolecular Assembly, and Catalysis. Chemistry 2024:e202401559. [PMID: 38787350 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin atropisomerism, which arises from restricted σ-bond rotation between the macrocycle and a sufficiently bulky substituent, was identified in 1969 by Gottwald and Ullman in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(o-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrins. Henceforth, an entirely new field has emerged utilizing this transformative tool. This review strives to explain the consequences of atropisomerism in porphyrins, the methods which have been developed for their separation and analysis and present the diverse array of applications. Porphyrins alone possess intriguing properties and a structure which can be easily decorated and molded for a specific function. Therefore, atropisomerism serves as a transformative tool, making it possible to obtain even a specific molecular shape. Atropisomerism has been thoroughly exploited in catalysis and molecular recognition yet presents both challenges and opportunities in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Maguire
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Grant Strachan
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Karolis Norvaiša
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
| | - Claire Donohoe
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- CQC, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin, D02R590, Ireland
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM-IAS), Focus Group-Molecular and Interfacial Engineering of Organic Nanosystems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenberg Str. 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany
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2
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LaPlante SR, Coric P, Bouaziz S, França TCC. NMR spectroscopy can help accelerate antiviral drug discovery programs. Microbes Infect 2024:105297. [PMID: 38199267 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Small molecule drugs have an important role to play in combating viral infections, and biophysics support has been central for contributing to the discovery and design of direct acting antivirals. Perhaps one of the most successful biophysical tools for this purpose is NMR spectroscopy when utilized strategically and pragmatically within team workflows and timelines. This report describes some clear examples of how NMR applications contributed to the design of antivirals when combined with medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, X-ray crystallography and computational chemistry. Overall, these multidisciplinary approaches allowed teams to reveal and expose compound physical properties from which design ideas were spawned and tested to achieve the desired successes. Examples are discussed for the discovery of antivirals that target HCV, HIV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R LaPlante
- Pasteur Network, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada; NMX Research and Solutions, Inc., 500 Boulevard Cartier Ouest, Laval, Québec, H7V 5B7, Canada; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France.
| | - Pascale Coric
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Tanos C C França
- Pasteur Network, INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec, H7V 1B7, Canada
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3
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Xu JJ, Yin YP, Wei W, Tan QG. Aporphine and amide alkaloids from Illigera parviflora. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105737. [PMID: 37939737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed alkaloids (+)-9-hydroxy-N-acetylnordicentrine (1), illigeparvinine (2), and deca-(2E,4Z)-2,4-dienoic acid 4-hydroxy-2-phenethyl amide (3), along with 19 known analogues (4-22), were isolated from the ethnic medicinal plant Illigera parviflora. Their structures were established using NMR, MS, and other spectroscopic analyses as well as X-ray diffraction. Moderate inhibition of human gastric carcinoma (MGC-803) and breast adenocarcinoma (T-47D) cell lines proliferation was observed for actinodaphnine (4) with IC50 values of 28.74 and 11.65 μM, respectively. These findings contribute new anticancer potential compounds and expand the chemical diversity known from the valuable traditional medicinal plant I. parviflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Juan Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Yin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China
| | - Qin-Gang Tan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650302, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Optimization, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, PR China.
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4
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Franca TC, Goncalves ADS, Bérubé C, Voyer N, Aubry N, LaPlante SR. Determining the Predominant Conformations of Mortiamides A-D in Solution Using NMR Data and Molecular Modeling Tools. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25832-25838. [PMID: 37521620 PMCID: PMC10373451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic peptidomimetics have been seriously contributing to our arsenal of drugs to combat diseases. The search for nature's discoveries led us to mortiamides A-D (found in a novel fungus from Northern Canada), which is a family of cyclic peptides that clearly have demonstrated impressive pharmaceutical potential. This prompted us to learn more about their solution-state properties as these are central for binding to target molecules. Here, we secured and isolated mortiamide D, and then acquired high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data to learn more about its structure and dynamics attributes. Sets of two-dimensional NMR experiments provided atomic-level (through-bond and through-space) data to confirm the primary structure, and NMR-driven molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggested that more than one predominant three-dimensional (3D) structure exist in solution. Further steps of MD simulations are consistent with the finding that the backbones of mortiamides A-C also have at least two prominent macrocyclic shapes, but the side-chain structures and dynamics differed significantly. Knowledge of these solution properties can be exploited for drug design and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanos
C. C. Franca
- INRS
− Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université de Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense, Military Institute of Engineering, 22290-270 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Hradec Králové, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Arlan da Silva Goncalves
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Espírito
Santo − Unit Vila Velha, 29106-010 Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
- PPGQUI
(Graduate Program in Chemistry), Federal
University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514,, 29075-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Christopher Bérubé
- Departement
de Chimie and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Departement
de Chimie and PROTEO, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Quebec G1V OA6, Canada
| | - Norman Aubry
- NMR
consultant of Steven R. LaPlante’s Lab, INRS − Centre
Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université de Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Steven R. LaPlante
- INRS
− Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Université de Québec, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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Zheng Z, Li X, Chen P, Zou Y, Shi X, Li X, Young Kim E, Liao J, Yang J, Chattipakorn N, Wu G, Tang Q, Cho WJ, Liang G. Design and synthesis optimization of novel diimide indoles derivatives for ameliorating acute lung injury through modulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106557. [PMID: 37121106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory disease caused by local or systemic inflammatory reaction. Based on the natural 7-chain diaryl anti-inflammatory framework, a series of diimide indoles derivatives were designed by combining curcumin and indole in this study. The synthesis of diimide compounds was extended using dichloromethane (DCM) as solvent and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and sodium hydride (NaH) as double activators, and a total of 40 diimide-indole derivatives were obtained. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity showed that most compounds could inhibit the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) better than curcumin and indomethacin. Among the compounds, the IC50 of compound 11f on IL-6 reached 1.05 μM with no obvious cytotoxic side effects. Mechanistically, compound 11f could block the expression of NF-κB P65 phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of P65. The acute toxicity tests in-vivo also showed no obvious toxicity in mice after the intragastric administration of 1000 mg/kg. In addition, the compound 11f could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced inflammatory response in mice and reduce the number of neutrophils and wet/dry lung weight ratio, thereby alleviating ALI. These results indicated that the novel diimide indoles were promising anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaojian Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Liao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Gaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qidong Tang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China.
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Guang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325024, China.
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Li F, Boateng ID, Yang X, Li Y. Extraction, Purification, and Elucidation of Six Ginkgol Homologs from Ginkgo biloba Sarcotesta and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227777. [PMID: 36431878 PMCID: PMC9699512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgols are active constituents from Ginkgo biloba L. (GB) and have pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In our previous report, only five ginkgols were separated. However, ginkgol C17:1 had two isomers, for which their separation, identification, and bioactivities have not yet been investigated. Hence, this research reports the successful isolation of six ginkgol homologs with alkyl substituents-C17:1-Δ12, C15:1-Δ8, C13:0, C17:2, C17:1-Δ10, and C15:0-for the first time using HPLC. This was followed by the identification of their chemical structures using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. The results showed that two ginkgol isomers, C17:1-Δ12 and C17:1-Δ10, were obtained simultaneously from the ginkgol C17:1 mixture and identified entirely for the first time. That aside, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the six ginkgol homologs possessed significant antiproliferation effects against HGC and HepG2 cells. Furthermore, the ginkgols with unsaturated side chains (C17:2, C15:1-Δ8, C17:1-Δ12, and C17:1-Δ10) exhibited more potent inhibitory effects than ginkgols with saturated side chains (C13:0, C15:0). In addition, unsaturated ginkgol C15:1-Δ8 showed the most potent cytotoxicity on HepG2 and HGC cells, of which the half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 18.84 ± 2.58 and 13.15 ± 2.91 μM, respectively. The IC50 for HepG2 and HGC cells for the three unsaturated ginkgols (C17:1-Δ10, C17:2 and C17:1-Δ12) were ~59.97, ~60.82, and ~68.97 μM for HepG2 and ~30.97, ~33.81, and ~34.55 μM for HGC cells, respectively. Comparing the ginkgols' structure-activity relations, the findings revealed that the position and number of the double bonds of the ginkgols with 17 side chain carbons in length had no significant difference in anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengnan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Isaac Duah Boateng
- Food Science Program, Division of Food, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, University of Missouri, 1406 E Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang 212004, China
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7
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Perreault S, Chandrasekhar J, Patel L. Atropisomerism in Drug Discovery: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective Inspired by Atropisomeric Class I PI3K Inhibitors. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2581-2593. [PMID: 36069734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atropisomerism is a type of axial chirality resulting from hindered rotation about a σ bond that gives rise to nonsuperimposable stereoisomers (termed "atropisomers"). The inversion of chirality of an atropisomeric axis is a time- and temperature-dependent dynamic process occurring by simple bond rotation. For this reason, the rotational energy barrier (ΔErot) and the interconversion rate between an atropisomeric pair of biologically active molecules are important parameters to consider in drug discovery.Many compounds with atropisomeric axes advance into development every year. The vast majority of them have low rotational energy barriers (ΔErot lower than 20 kcal/mol), meaning they are rapidly equilibrating conformers and considered achiral (class 1 atropisomers). Compounds in class 2 (ΔErot = 20 to 30 kcal/mol) can be challenging to develop given that the stereochemical integrity of the atropisomeric axes can be compromised over time. It has been recommended that small molecule drug candidates containing one or more atropisomeric axes with rotational energy barriers greater than 30 kcal/mol (class 3 atropisomers) should be developed as single atropisomers.In medicinal chemistry, a σ bond with restricted rotation is engineered into a bioactive molecule primarily to limit its number of accessible conformations, thereby minimizing entropic and/or enthalpic energy penalties associated with biological target binding. In addition to enhanced pharmacology, potential positive outcomes of introducing atropisomerism include improved physicochemical properties and superior pharmacokinetics/ADME profiles. The application of atropisomerism in medicinal chemistry has become increasingly enabled due to recent advances in synthesis, purification, and analysis, as described in this special issue and recent review articles.Herein, we discuss two case studies from our own work in which restricting rotation about axes of atropisomerism led to significant improvements in pharmacological, physicochemical, and ADME properties for different series of PI3K inhibitors. In the first instance, a restricted axis of rotation was designed to mitigate an acid-mediated hydrolytic degradation pathway observed in a series of PI3Kδ inhibitors. The conformational constraint disrupts conjugation between a quinazolinone and a pyridine, leading to improved chemical stability under acidic conditions. In the second case study, introduction of a restricted axis of rotation between two heteroaromatic systems in a series of PI3Kβ inhibitors generated pairs of atropisomeric compounds with significantly different biological activities. Advanced profiling also demonstrated clear substrate stereospecificity in regard to metabolism by aldehyde oxidase. Gratifyingly, the eutomer (more active atropisomer) shows significantly less susceptibility for oxidative metabolism relative to the distomer (less active atropisomer). The improvements in potency, selectivity, chemical stability, and metabolic stability discussed in this manuscript are all directly related to the concept of atropisomerism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Perreault
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | - Leena Patel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 199 E Blaine Street, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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McLoughlin EC, O'Brien JE, Trujillo C, Meegan MJ, O'Boyle NM. Application of 2D EXSY and qNMR Spectroscopy for Diastereomeric Excess Determination Following Chiral Resolution of β-Lactams. Chemistry 2022:e202200119. [PMID: 35876400 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trans-β-lactam isomers have garnered much attention as anti-cancer microtubule targeting agents. Currently available synthetic methods are available for the preparation of enantiopure β-lactams and favour isomeric cis/trans β-lactam mixtures. Indirect chiral resolution offers the opportunity for isolation of exclusively enantiopure trans-β-lactams. In this study, liquid chromatography chiral resolution of β-lactams derivatized as diastereomer mixtures with a panel of N-protected amino acids is explored, where N-(Boc)-L-proline served as the optimal chiral derivatising reagent. High-performance liquid chromatography failed to adequately determine diastereomeric excess (de) of resolved diastereomers. Variable temperature, 1 H NMR and 2D EXSY spectroscopic analyses of proline-derivatised diastereomers were successfully employed to characterise equilibrating rotamers of resolved diastereomers and determine their de. Integration of resolved resonances corresponding to H3 and H4 of the β-lactam ring served as a quantitative qNMR tool for the calculation of de following resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eavan C McLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John E O'Brien
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Niamh M O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Discovery of novel tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site via virtual screening, structural optimization and antitumor evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 118:105486. [PMID: 34801948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The colchicine binding site of tubulin is a promising target for discovering novel antitumor agents which exert the antiangiogenic effect and are not susceptible to multidrug resistance. For identifying novel tubulin inhibitors, structure-based virtual screening was applied to identify hit 9 which displayed moderate tubulin polymerization inhibition and broad-spectrum in vitro antitumor activity. Structural optimization was performed, and biological assay revealed analog E27 displayed the best antitumor activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.81 μM to 10.36 μM, and improved tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity (IC50 = 16.1 μM). It significantly inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion, induced cell apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of E27 is related to the increased ROS level, the decrease of MMP, and the abnormal expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Taken together, these results suggested E27 was a promising lead compound for discovering novel tubulin-targeted antitumor agents.
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Discovery and optimization of 2-((1H-indol-3-yl)thio)-N-benzyl-acetamides as novel SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113622. [PMID: 34147744 PMCID: PMC8191315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but no specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for controlling this pandemic to date. In this study, several 2-((indol-3-yl)thio)-N-benzyl-acetamides were identified as SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors. After a two-round optimization, a new series of 2-((indol-3-yl)thio)-N-benzyl-acetamides was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp inhibitory effect. Compounds 6b2, 6b5, 6c9, 6d2, and 6d5 were identified as potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 3.35 ± 0.21 μM, 4.55 ± 0.2 μM, 1.65 ± 0.05 μM, 3.76 ± 0.79 μM, and 1.11 ± 0.05 μM, respectively; the IC50 of remdesivir (control) was measured as 1.19 ± 0.36 μM. All of the compounds inhibited RNA synthesis by SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The most potent compound 6d5, which showed a stronger inhibitory activity against the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43 than remdesivir, is a promising candidate for further investigation.
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11
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Tao Y, Zou W, Luo GG, Kraka E. Describing Polytopal Rearrangement Processes of Octacoordinate Structures. I. Renewed Insights into Fluxionality of the Rhenium Polyhydride Complex ReH 5(PPh 3) 2(Pyridine). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2492-2502. [PMID: 33533255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydride ligands of transition metal polyhydride complexes with a high coordination number are prone to fluxionality leading to interesting structural dynamics. However, the underlying polytopal rearrangement pathways have been rarely studied. Based on quantum chemical calculations carried out in this work with density functional theory and coupled-cluster theory, two new fluxional mechanisms have been identified for the rhenium polyhydride complex ReH5(PPh3)2(pyridine) to jointly account for two consecutive coalescence events in the variable-temperature NMR spectra upon heating: lateral and basal three-arm turnstile rotation. The frequently cited pseudorotation in ReH5(PPh3)2(pyridine) (Lee et al. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 695) turns out to be a three-step process including two lateral three-arm turnstile steps and one basal turnstile step in between. The new fluxional mechanisms discovered in this work may also exist in other transition metal polyhydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China
| | - Geng-Geng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Friendly Function Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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12
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Zhang M, Lu H, Li B, Ma H, Wang W, Cheng X, Ding Y, Hu A. Experimental and Computational Study on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions of Maleimide-Based Enediynes After Cycloaromatization. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1549-1559. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengsi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haotian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Aiguo Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Ntountaniotis D. Reactions in NMR Tubes as Key Weapon in Rational Drug Design. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2018; 1824:417-430. [PMID: 30039422 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8630-9_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique suitable for obtaining detailed structural and dynamic data at atomic resolution. Progress in NMR instrumentation has led the scientific community to produce novel techniques which provide valuable information to resolve demanding and crucial questions of molecular biology and rational drug design. This chapter outlines the progress of NMR spectroscopy in the rational drug design. In addition, it offers an example of a reaction in NMR tube for achieving rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Ntountaniotis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Glunz PW. Recent encounters with atropisomerism in drug discovery. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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