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Mama RL, Gelani CD, Daluz JMT, Uy MM, Ohta E, Ohta S. Two new sarasinosides from marine sponge Petrosia nigricans. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2395-2403. [PMID: 36744713 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2175359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new sarasinosides designated as 5,8-epoxysarasinoside (1) and 8,9-epoxysarasinoside (2) and four known sarasinosides were isolated from marine sponge Petrosia nigricans, collected off the coast of Lipata, Surigao City, Philippines (9°49' North, 125°27' East). The structures were determined through extensive 2D NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. Both compounds exhibited low cytotoxicity against the HCT116 (colon) and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohaidah L Mama
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Chona D Gelani
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Jan Mart T Daluz
- Premier Research Institute of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Mylene M Uy
- Department of Chemistry, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines
| | - Emi Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohta
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Casertano M, Vito A, Aiello A, Imperatore C, Menna M. Natural Bioactive Compounds from Marine Invertebrates That Modulate Key Targets Implicated in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Complications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2321. [PMID: 37765290 PMCID: PMC10538088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an ongoing, risky, and costly health problem that therefore always requires new treatment options. Moreover, although several drugs are available, only 36% of patients achieve glycaemic control, and patient adherence is a major obstacle. With monotherapy, T2DM and its comorbidities/complications often cannot be managed, and the concurrent administration of several hypoglycaemic drugs is required, which increases the risk of side effects. In fact, despite the efficacy of the drugs currently on the market, they generally come with serious side effects. Therefore, scientific research must always be active in the discovery of new therapeutic agents. DISCUSSION The present review highlights some of the recent discoveries regarding marine natural products that can modulate the various targets that have been identified as crucial in the establishment of T2DM disease and its complications, with a focus on the compounds isolated from marine invertebrates. The activities of these metabolites are illustrated and discussed. OBJECTIVES The paper aims to capture the relevant evidence of the great chemical diversity of marine natural products as a key tool that can advance understanding in the T2DM research field, as well as in antidiabetic drug discovery. The variety of chemical scaffolds highlighted by the natural hits provides not only a source of chemical probes for the study of specific targets involved in the onset of T2DM, but is also a helpful tool for the development of drugs that are capable of acting via novel mechanisms. Thus, it lays the foundation for the design of multiple ligands that can overcome the drawbacks of polypharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marialuisa Menna
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.C.); (A.V.); (A.A.); (C.I.)
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Ivanchina NV, Kalinin VI. Triterpene and Steroid Glycosides from Marine Sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae): Structures, Taxonomical Distribution, Biological Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062503. [PMID: 36985476 PMCID: PMC10057720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The article is a comprehensive review concerning tetracyclic triterpene and steroid glycosides from sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae). The extensive oxidative transformations of the aglycone and the use of various monosaccharide residues, with up to six possible, are responsible for the significant structural diversity observed in sponge saponins. The saponins are specific for different genera and species but their taxonomic distribution seems to be mosaic in different orders of Demospongiae. Many of the glycosides are membranolytics and possess cytotoxic activity that may be a cause of their anti-predatory activities. All these data reveal the independent origin and parallel evolution of the glycosides in different taxa of the sponges. The information concerning chemical structures, biological activities, biological role, and taxonomic distribution of the sponge glycosides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Kalinin
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 100 Letya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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4
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Yamazaki H. Exploration of marine natural resources in Indonesia and development of efficient strategies for the production of microbial halogenated metabolites. J Nat Med 2021; 76:1-19. [PMID: 34415546 PMCID: PMC8732978 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a prolific source of organic products with diverse scaffolds and biological activities. The process of natural product discovery has gradually become more challenging, and advances in novel strategic approaches are essential to evolve natural product chemistry. Our focus has been on surveying untouched marine resources and fermentation to enhance microbial productive performance. The first topic is the screening of marine natural products isolated from Indonesian marine organisms for new types of bioactive compounds, such as antineoplastics, antimycobacterium substances, and inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, sterol O-acyl-transferase, and bone morphogenetic protein-induced osteoblastic differentiation. The unique biological properties of marine organohalides are discussed herein and attempts to efficiently produce fungal halogenated metabolites are documented. This review presents an overview of our recent work accomplishments based on the MONOTORI study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan.
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Izzati F, Warsito MF, Bayu A, Prasetyoputri A, Atikana A, Sukmarini L, Rahmawati SI, Putra MY. Chemical Diversity and Biological Activity of Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Indonesian Marine Invertebrates. Molecules 2021; 26:1898. [PMID: 33801617 PMCID: PMC8037762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates have been reported to be an excellent resource of many novel bioactive compounds. Studies reported that Indonesia has remarkable yet underexplored marine natural products, with a high chemical diversity and a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review discusses recent updates on the exploration of marine natural products from Indonesian marine invertebrates (i.e., sponges, tunicates, and soft corals) throughout 2007-2020. This paper summarizes the structural diversity and biological function of the bioactive compounds isolated from Indonesian marine invertebrates as antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, and antiviral, while also presenting the opportunity for further investigation of novel compounds derived from Indonesian marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Asep Bayu
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Masteria Yunovilsa Putra
- Research Center for Biotechnology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia or (F.I.); (M.F.W.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (L.S.); (S.I.R.)
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Lee YJ, Cho Y, Tran HNK. Secondary Metabolites from the Marine Sponges of the Genus Petrosia: A Literature Review of 43 Years of Research. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030122. [PMID: 33668842 PMCID: PMC7996255 DOI: 10.3390/md19030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are prolific sources of various natural products that have provided the chemical scaffolds for new drugs. The sponges of the genus Petrosia inhabit various regions and contain a variety of biologically active natural products such as polyacetylenes, sterols, meroterpenoids, and alkaloids. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the chemical structures and biological activities of Petrosia metabolites covering a period of more than four decades (between 1978 and 2020). It is also described in this review that the major groups of metabolites from members of the genus Petrosia differed with latitude. The polyacetylenes were identified to be the most predominant metabolites in Petrosia sponges in temperate regions, while tropical Petrosia species were sources of a greater variety of metabolites, such as meroterpenoids, sterols, polyacetylenes, and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Ju Lee
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.N.K.T.)
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-664-3350
| | - Yeonwoo Cho
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.N.K.T.)
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Huynh Nguyen Khanh Tran
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea; (Y.C.); (H.N.K.T.)
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Chen M, Zhang L, Lu A, Wang X, Si W, Yan J, Yang C. Novel carboxylated pyrroline-2-one derivatives bearing a phenylhydrazine moiety: Design, synthesis, antifungal evaluation and 3D-QSAR analysis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127519. [PMID: 32860979 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to discover novel high-efficient antifungal leads that possess an innovative action mechanism, twenty-three carboxylated pyrroline-2-one derivatives, bearing a phenylhydrazine moiety, were rationally designed and firstly prepared in this letter. The in vitro bioassays showed that most of the compounds possessed excellent antifungal effects with the EC50 values of less than 1 μg/mL against the phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum (Fg), Botrytis cinerea (Bc), Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) and Colletotrichum capsici (Cc). The further bioassays showed that the compound 6u showed the comparable in vivo control effect with carbendazim against fusarium head blight and rice sheath blight. The 3D-QSAR model revealed the pivotal effects of a bulky electron-donating group at the 1-position of pyrrole ring, a bulky electron-withdrawing group at the 4-position of phenyl ring and a small alkyl at the carbonate group on the anti-Rs activities of target compounds. The abnormal mycelial morphology and delayed spore germination were observed in the treatments of compound 6u. Given the excellent and broad-spectrum antifungal effects the target compounds have, we unfeignedly anticipated that the above finding could motivate the discovery of high-efficient antifungal leads, which might possess an innovative action mechanism against phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; Institute of Synthesis, CHIA TAI Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Aimin Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijie Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinghua Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunlong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Hanif N, Murni A, Tanaka C, Tanaka J. Marine Natural Products from Indonesian Waters. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17060364. [PMID: 31248122 PMCID: PMC6627775 DOI: 10.3390/md17060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are primal and have been a driver in the evolution of organic chemistry and ultimately in science. The chemical structures obtained from marine organisms are diverse, reflecting biodiversity of genes, species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is an extraordinary feature of life and provides benefits to humanity while promoting the importance of environment conservation. This review covers the literature on marine natural products (MNPs) discovered in Indonesian waters published from January 1970 to December 2017, and includes 732 original MNPs, 4 structures isolated for the first time but known to be synthetic entities, 34 structural revisions, 9 artifacts, and 4 proposed MNPs. Indonesian MNPs were found in 270 papers from 94 species, 106 genera, 64 families, 32 orders, 14 classes, 10 phyla, and 5 kingdoms. The emphasis is placed on the structures of organic molecules (original and revised), relevant biological activities, structure elucidation, chemical ecology aspects, biosynthesis, and bioorganic studies. Through the synthesis of past and future data, huge and partly undescribed biodiversity of marine tropical invertebrates and their importance for crucial societal benefits should greatly be appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novriyandi Hanif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16680, Indonesia.
| | - Anggia Murni
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor 16128, Indonesia.
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Junichi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Marine Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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Yamazaki H. [Search for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from Marine Organisms and Induced Production of New Fungal Metabolites by Modulating Culture Methods]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2019; 139:663-672. [PMID: 31061333 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine environments offer a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic applications because the ocean covers 70% of the earth's surface and approximately 80% of all living organisms live in the sea. Therefore we have investigated bioactive compounds from marine organisms such as marine sponges, ascidians, and marine-derived microorganisms. This review consists of two topics based on marine natural product chemistry. (1) Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B plays a key role as a negative regulator in the insulin and leptin signaling pathways. Accordingly, the development of PTP1B inhibitors is expected to provide new drugs for type 2 diabetes and obesity. We have been searching for new types of PTP1B inhibitors among marine organisms and identified various PTP1B inhibitors from marine sponges and fungi. This review presents their structural diversities and unique biological properties. (2) In the course of our studies on the induced production of new fungal metabolites, the Palauan marine-derived fungus, Trichoderma cf. brevicompactum TPU199, was found to produce the unusual epipolythiodiketopiperazines, gliovirin and pretrichodermamide A. Long-term static fermentation of the strain induced production of a new dipeptide, dithioaspergillazine A, whereas fermentation of the strain with NaCl, NaBr, and NaI produced the Cl and Br derivatives of pretrichodermamide A and a new iodinated derivative, iododithiobrevamide, respectively. Moreover, DMSO-added seawater medium induced the production of diketopiperazine with the unprecedented trithio-bridge, chlorotrithiobrevamide. This fermentation study on the strain as well as the structures of the metabolites obtained are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Abdjul DB, Yamazaki H, Maarisit W, Rotinsulu H, Wewengkang DS, Sumilat DA, Kapojos MM, Losung F, Ukai K, Namikoshi M. Oleanane triterpenes with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity from aerial parts of Lantana camara collected in Indonesia and Japan. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:106-112. [PMID: 28917090 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During the search for new protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B inhibitors, EtOH extracts from the aerial parts of Lantana camara L. (lantana) collected at Manado (Indonesia) and two subtropical islands in Japan (Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands, Okinawa) exhibited potent inhibitory activities against PTP1B in an enzyme assay. Four previously undescribed oleanane triterpenes were isolated together with known triterpenes and flavones from the Indonesian lantana. The EtOH extracts of lantana collected in Ishigaki and Iriomote Islands exhibited different phytochemical profiles from each other and the Indonesian lantana. Triterpenes with a 24-OH group were isolated from the Indonesian lantana only. Five known triterpene compounds were detected in the Ishigaki lantana, and two oleanane triterpenes with an ether linkage between 3β and 25 were the main components together with five known triterpenes as minor components in the Iriomote lantana. The structures of previously undescribed compounds were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic data. Among the compounds obtained in this study, oleanolic acid exhibited the most potent activity against PTP1B, and is used as a positive control in studies on PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfly B Abdjul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan; North Sulawesi Research and Development Agency, 17 Agustus Street, Manado 95117, Indonesia
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Wilmar Maarisit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Henki Rotinsulu
- Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Defny S Wewengkang
- Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Deiske A Sumilat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Magie M Kapojos
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Pembangunan Indonesia, Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Fitje Losung
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Kazuyo Ukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Michio Namikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Liu X, Yu H, Lu X, Jiao B. Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B from Marine Natural Products. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28261970 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ocean is a capacious area with the most abundant biological resources on the earth. The particularity of the marine ecological environment (high pressure, high salt, and hypoxia) makes the marine species survival competition fiercely, forcing many marine organisms in the process of life to produce a great deal of secondary metabolites with special structures and biological activities. In this article, 118 natural products which were isolated from four kinds of marine organisms, sponges, algae, soft corals and fungus, showing PTP1B inhibitory activity were summarized from 2010 to 2016, which may become the leading compounds towards treating Diabetes mellitus (DM). What's more, we briefly summarized the structure-activity relationship of PTP1B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weirui Zhang
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haobing Yu
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Binghua Jiao
- Marine Biopharmaceutical Institute, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road 800, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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