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Elgubbi AS, El-Helw EAE, Abousiksaka MS, Alzahrani AYA, Ramadan SK. β-Enaminonitrile in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[ b]thiophene candidates with DFT simulation, in vitro antiproliferative assessment, molecular docking, and modeling pharmacokinetics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18417-18430. [PMID: 38860247 PMCID: PMC11163414 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among sulfur-including heterocycles, the benzothiophene skeleton is one of the worthy structure fragments that exhibit structural similarities with active substrates to develop various potent lead molecules in drug design. Thus, some tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene candidates were prepared from the β-enaminonitrile scaffold via reactions with diverse carbon-centered electrophilic reagents and supported with DFT studies. The in vitro antiproliferative effect was screened against MCF7 and HePG2 cancer cell lines, and the results displayed the highest potency of imide 5, Schiff base 11, and phthalimido 12 candidates. A molecular docking study was operated to explore the probable binding modes of interaction, and the results revealed the good binding affinity of compounds 5, 11, and 12 toward the tubulin protein (PDB ID 5NM5) with respect to paclitaxel (a tubulin inhibitor) and co-crystallized ligand (GTP). Besides, modeling pharmacokinetics analyses displayed their desirable drug-likeness and bioavailability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna S Elgubbi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Misurata University 2478 Misurata Libya
| | - Eman A E El-Helw
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | | | - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University Abha Mohail Assir Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed K Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
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2
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Sulindac acetohydrazide derivative attenuates against cisplatin induced organ damage by modulation of antioxidant and inflammatory signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11749. [PMID: 35817806 PMCID: PMC9273647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of a sulindac acetohydrazide derivative, N'-(4-dimethylaminobenzylidene)-2-1-(4-(methylsulfinyl) benzylidene)-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl) acetohydrazide, against anticancer drug cisplatin induced organ damage. Using a rodent model, various markers of organ function and signaling pathways were examined and validated by molecular docking studies. The study involves five groups of animals: control, DMSO, CDDP, CDDP + DMFM, and DMFM. Biochemical enzyme activity, histopathology, tissue antioxidant, and oxidative stress markers were examined. RT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted for the expression of inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB), p65, IL-1, TNF-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Flow cytometry analysis of CD4 + TNF-α, CD4 + COX-2, and CD4 + STAT-3 cells in whole blood was performed. Structural and dynamic behavior of DMFM upon binding with receptor molecule molecular docking and dynamic simulations were performed using bioinformatics tools and software. Treatment with DMFM reversed cisplatin-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) induction, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the kidney, heart, liver, and brain tissues were increased. DMFM administration normalized plasma levels of biochemical enzymes. We observed a marked decline in CD4 + STAT3, TNF-α, and COX2 cell populations in whole blood after treatment with DMFM. DMFM downregulated the expression factors related to inflammation at the mRNA and protein levels, i.e., IL-1, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB, STAT-3, and COX-2. Dynamic simulations and in silico docking data supports the experimental findings. Our experimental and in silico results illustrated that DMFM may affect protective action against cisplatin-induced brain, heart, liver, and kidney damage via reduction of inflammation and ROS.
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3
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Recent development on COX-2 inhibitors as promising anti-inflammatory agents: The past 10 years. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2790-2807. [PMID: 35755295 PMCID: PMC9214066 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases play a vital role in inflammation and are responsible for the production of prostaglandins. Two cyclooxygenases are described, the constitutive cyclooxygenase-1 and the inducible cyclooxygenase-2, for which the target inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Prostaglandins are a class of lipid compounds that mediate acute and chronic inflammation. NSAIDs are the most frequent choices for treatment of inflammation. Nevertheless, currently used anti-inflammatory drugs have become associated with a variety of adverse effects which lead to diminished output even market withdrawal. Recently, more studies have been carried out on searching novel selective COX-2 inhibitors with safety profiles. In this review, we highlight the various structural classes of organic and natural scaffolds with efficient COX-2 inhibitory activity reported during 2011–2021. It will be valuable for pharmaceutical scientists to read up on the current chemicals to pave the way for subsequent research.
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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5
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Halim PA, Georgey HH, George MY, El Kerdawy AM, Said MF. Design and synthesis of novel 4-fluorobenzamide-based derivatives as promising anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an enhanced gastric tolerability and COX-inhibitory activity. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105253. [PMID: 34390973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Responding to the great demand of developing potent NSAIDs with an enhanced safety profile and reasonable selectivity, in the present study novel 4-fluorobenzamide derivatives were synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing in mice, respectively. All the new target compounds except the carbamothioylhydrazine series (5a-d), and the 4-fluorophenyl thiadiazolo derivative 6b showed promising anti-inflammatory activity ranged between 53.43 and 92.36% inhibition of edema (at 3 h) compared to the reference standard indomethacin (65.64%). All the newly synthesized compounds showed potent analgesic activity ranged between 71 and 100 % writhing protection compared to indomethacin (74.06%). Moreover, the most active compounds; the ester hybrids 2a,b, the thioureido quinazolinones 4b,c, and the thiadiazole congener 6a, showed promising gastric tolerability with ulcer index ranged between 0 and 6.60 compared to indomethacin (12.13). The thioureido quinazolinone derivatives 4b,c showed the most potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with a remarkable gastric tolerability compared to the other derivatives. The 4-chlorophenyl derivative 4b is considered the most promising analogue showing 92.36% inhibition of edema, 100% writhing protection in analgesia testing, and a COX-2 selectivity index of 5.75 which was better than that of indomethacin and celecoxib standards (selectivity index = 0.27 and 4.55; respectively). Moreover, it showed an ulcer index equals zero with gastric acidity and mucin levels comparable to that of the control group indicating its minor effect on gastric cell physiology and its high tolerability. Molecular docking studies predicted the binding pattern of the newly synthesized compounds in COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes confirming the ability of the most active candidates to satisfy the structural features required for binding and rationalized their selectivity based on their docking binding patterns and scores. Furthermore, the newly synthesized 4-fluorobenzamide derivatives possess promising predicted pharmacokinetic properties indicated by calculating their key physicochemical parameters and absorption percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Georgey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo 11777, Egypt.
| | - Mina Y George
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization Street, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt.
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6
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Sakr A, Rezq S, Ibrahim SM, Soliman E, Baraka MM, Romero DG, Kothayer H. Design and synthesis of novel quinazolinones conjugated ibuprofen, indole acetamide, or thioacetohydrazide as selective COX-2 inhibitors: anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1810-1828. [PMID: 34338135 PMCID: PMC8330735 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1956912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel quinazolinones conjugated with indole acetamide (4a–c), ibuprofen (7a–e), or thioacetohydrazide (13a,b, and 14a-d) were designed to increase COX-2 selectivity. The three synthesised series exhibited superior COX-2 selectivity compared with the previously reported quinazolinones and their NSAID analogue and had equipotent COX-2 selectivity as celecoxib. Compared with celecoxib, 4 b, 7c, and 13 b showed similar anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, while 13 b and 14a showed superior inhibition of the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide, and 7 showed greater antioxidant potential in macrophages cells. Moreover, all selected compounds showed improved analgesic activity and 13 b completely abolished the pain response. Additionally, compound 4a showed anticancer activity in tested cell lines HCT116, HT29, and HCA7. Docking results were consistent with COX-1/2 enzyme assay results. In silico studies suggest their high oral bioavailability. The overall findings for compounds (4a,b, 7c, 13 b, and 14c) support their potential role as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sakr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Rezq
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Samy M Ibrahim
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Baraka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Damian G Romero
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Mississippi Center of Excellence in Perinatal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Cardiovascular-Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hend Kothayer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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7
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da Cruz RMD, Mendonça-Junior FJB, de Mélo NB, Scotti L, de Araújo RSA, de Almeida RN, de Moura RO. Thiophene-Based Compounds with Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070692. [PMID: 34358118 PMCID: PMC8308569 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, arthrosis and gout, among other chronic inflammatory diseases are public health problems and represent major therapeutic challenges. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most prescribed clinical treatments, despite their severe side effects and their exclusive action in improving symptoms, without effectively promoting the cure. However, recent advances in the fields of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and chemoinformatics have provided valuable information and opportunities for development of new anti-inflammatory drug candidates. For drug design and discovery, thiophene derivatives are privileged structures. Thiophene-based compounds, like the commercial drugs Tinoridine and Tiaprofenic acid, are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. The present review provides an update on the role of thiophene-based derivatives in inflammation. Studies on mechanisms of action, interactions with receptors (especially against cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX)), and structure-activity relationships are also presented and discussed. The results demonstrate the importance of thiophene-based compounds as privileged structures for the design and discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents. The studies reveal important structural characteristics. The presence of carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides, as well as methyl and methoxy groups, has been frequently described, and highlights the importance of these groups for anti-inflammatory activity and biological target recognition, especially for inhibition of COX and LOX enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (R.M.D.d.C.); (L.S.); (R.N.d.A.)
| | - Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (R.M.D.d.C.); (L.S.); (R.N.d.A.)
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58071-160, PB, Brazil; (N.B.d.M.); (R.S.A.d.A.); (R.O.d.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-9-9924-1423
| | - Natália Barbosa de Mélo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58071-160, PB, Brazil; (N.B.d.M.); (R.S.A.d.A.); (R.O.d.M.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (R.M.D.d.C.); (L.S.); (R.N.d.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58071-160, PB, Brazil; (N.B.d.M.); (R.S.A.d.A.); (R.O.d.M.)
| | - Reinaldo Nóbrega de Almeida
- Post-Graduation Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (R.M.D.d.C.); (L.S.); (R.N.d.A.)
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58071-160, PB, Brazil; (N.B.d.M.); (R.S.A.d.A.); (R.O.d.M.)
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Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA, Alsaif NA, Almehizia AA, Naglah AM, Razak S, Khan AA, Ashraf NM. Novel sulindac derivatives: synthesis, characterisation, evaluation of antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and COX-2 inhibition activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:921-934. [PMID: 32238055 PMCID: PMC7170310 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1746783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of N′-(substituted phenyl)-2-(1-(4-(methylsulfinyl) benzylidene)−5-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-inden-3-yl) acetohydrazide derivatives (1 – 25) were prepared in good yields in an efficient manner. All the compounds were fully characterised by the elemental analysis and spectral data. Synthesised compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Compounds 7 (R = 3-methoxyphenyl), 3 (R = 4-dimethylaminophenyl) and 23 (R = 2,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl) substitutions were found to be having highly potent antioxidant activity. Compound 3, with para dimethylaminophenyl substitution was found to be having highest antioxidant activity. It was further evaluated in vivo for various analgesic, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic and COX-2 inhibitory activity in different animal models. Lead compound 3 was found to be significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. It was also evaluated for ulcerogenic activity and demonstrated significant ulcerogenic reduction activity in ethanol and indomethacin model. The LD50 of compound 3 was found to be 131 mg/kg. The animals treated with compound 3 prior to cisplatin treatment resulted in a significant reduction in COX-2 protein expression when compared to cisplatin-treated group. Sulindac derivative with para dimethylaminophenyl substitution was found to be the most potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent as well as with significant gastric sparing activity as compared to standard drug sulindac. Compound 3 significantly downregulated liver tissue COX‐2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Naglah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Exploration and Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Peptide Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Research Division, National Research, Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Mahmood Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Gujrat, Punjab, Pakistan
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9
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Mohsin NUA, Irfan M. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: A review of recent chemical scaffolds with promising anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibitory activities. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Sakr A, Kothayer H, Ibrahim SM, Baraka MM, Rezq S. 1,4-Dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)-yl benzamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an improved gastric profile: Design, synthesis, COX-1/2 inhibitory activity and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 84:76-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Tang H, Nie W, Xiao J, Zha Z, Chen Q, Yin H. Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory effect in hepatocytes of a galactoglucan from Antrodia camphorata mycelium. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7664-7672. [PMID: 35521177 PMCID: PMC9061278 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The galactoglucan ACP2 was isolated from cultured Antrodia camphorata mycelium through anion-exchange column chromatography and Sephadex G-100 chromatography and shown to exhibit hepatoprotective function in L02 cells. Based on monosaccharide composition analysis, ACP2 was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, and 6-deoxyglucose in a molar ratio of 5 : 2 : 1. The average molecular weight of ACP2 was 1.93 × 104 Da. The primary structure of ACP2 was elucidated with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results indicated the following composition: →6)-linked-β-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-linked-α-d-Glcp-(1→, →3)-linked-α-d-Glcp-(1→, and →2,4)-linked-β-d-Glcp-(1→, with terminal 6-deoxy-α-d-Glcp and α-d-Glcp. ACP2 alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatocyte inflammation by down-regulating the expressions of COX-2, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6. The decreased expressions of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and phosphorylated p38 in ACP2-treated L02 cells indicated that ACP2 might ameliorate inflammation through the TLR4 and p38/NF-κB signaling pathways. A previously undescribed polysaccharide ACP2 was isolated from Antrodia camphorata mycelium. ACP2 ameliorated hepatocyte inflammation through TLR4 and p38/NF-κB signal pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Tang
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbing Nie
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinna Xiao
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqi Zha
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuli Chen
- School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing 210029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang QL, Zhang J, Xia PF, Peng XJ, Li HL, Jin H, Li Y, Yang J, Zhao L. Anti-inflammatory activities of gentiopicroside against iNOS and COX-2 targets. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of N-(2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)benzoxazole-5-yl) benzamide derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitor and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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Kaur A, Pathak DP, Sharma V, Wakode S. Synthesis, molecular docking, and pharmacological evaluation of N-(2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzoxazole-5-yl)benzamide derivatives as selective COX-2 inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800008. [PMID: 29741797 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-(2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzoxazole-5-yl)benzamide derivatives (3am) was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2. The compounds with considerable in vitro activity (IC50 < 1 μM) were evaluated in vivo for their anti-inflammatory potential by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. Out of 13 newly synthesized compounds, 3a, 3b, 3d, 3g, 3j, and 3k were found to be the most potent COX-2 inhibitors in the in vitro enzymatic assay, with IC50 values in the range of 0.06-0.71 μM. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of these six compounds (3a, 3b, 3d, 3g, 3j, and 3k) was assessed by the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema method. Compounds 3d (84.09%), 3g (79.54%), and 3a (70.45%) demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the standard drug ibuprofen (65.90%) and were also found to be safer than ibuprofen, by ulcerogenic studies. A docking study was done using the crystal structure of human COX-2, to understand the binding mechanism of these inhibitors to the active site of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam P Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Vidushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sharad Wakode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
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