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Yang Y, Liu P, Zhou M, Yin L, Wang M, Liu T, Jiang X, Gao H. Small-molecule drugs of colorectal cancer: Current status and future directions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166880. [PMID: 37696461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the world's fourth most deadly cancer. CRC, as a genetic susceptible disease, faces significant challenges in optimizing prognosis through optimal drug treatment modalities. In recent decades, the development of innovative small-molecule drugs is expected to provide targeted interventions that accurately address the different molecular characteristics of CRC. Although the clinical application of single-target drugs is limited by the heterogeneity and high metastasis of CRC, novel small-molecule drug treatment strategies such as dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing, and combination therapies can help overcome these challenges and provide new insights for improving CRC treatment. In this review, we focus on the current status of a range of small molecule drugs that are being considered for CRC therapy, including single-target drugs, dual/multiple-target drugs, drug repurposing and combination strategies, which will pave the way for targeting CRC vulnerabilities with small-molecule drugs in future personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, United States
| | - Linzhou Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Anticancer Targets and Signaling Pathways Activated by Britannin and Related Pseudoguaianolide Sesquiterpene Lactones. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101325. [PMID: 34680439 PMCID: PMC8533303 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are abundant in plants and display a large spectrum of bioactivities. The compound britannin (BRT), found in different Inula species, is a pseudoguaianolide-type SL equipped with a typical and highly reactive α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety. The bioproperties of BRT and related pseudoguaianolide SLs, including helenalin, gaillardin, bigelovin and others, have been reviewed. Marked anticancer activities of BRT have been evidenced in vitro and in vivo with different tumor models. Three main mechanisms are implicated: (i) interference with the NFκB/ROS pathway, a mechanism common to many other SL monomers and dimers; (ii) blockade of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, with a covalent binding to a cysteine residue of Keap1 via the reactive α-methylene unit of BRT; (iii) a modulation of the c-Myc/HIF-1α signaling axis leading to a downregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint and activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The non-specific reactivity of the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety with the sulfhydryl groups of proteins is discussed. Options to reduce or abolish this reactivity have been proposed. Emphasis is placed on the capacity of BRT to modulate the tumor microenvironment and the immune-modulatory action of the natural product. The present review recapitulates the anticancer effects of BRT, some central concerns with SLs and discusses the implication of the PD1/PD-L1 checkpoint in its antitumor action.
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Yan C, Long Q, Zhang YD, Babu G, Krishnapriya MV, Qiu JF, Song JR, Rao Q, Yi P, Sun M, Li YM. Germacranolide sesquiterpenes from Carpesium cernuum and their anti-leukemia activity. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:528-535. [PMID: 34247776 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three new germacranolide sesquiterpenes (1-3), together with six related known analogues (4-9) were isolated from the whole plant of Carpesium cernuum. Their structures were established by a combination of extensive NMR spectroscopic analysis, HR-ESIMS data, and ECD calculations. The anti-leukemia activities of all compounds towards three cell lines (HEL, KG-1a, and K562) were evaluated in vitro. Compounds 1-3 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 1.59 to 5.47 μmol·L-1. Mechanistic studies indicated that 2 induced apoptosis by decreasing anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and activating the caspase family in K562 cells. These results suggest that compound 2 is a potential anti-leukemia agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Qun Long
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Yun-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, China
| | - Gajendran Babu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Madhu Varier Krishnapriya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jian-Fei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Jing-Rui Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Qing Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Mao Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, An Shun City People's Hospital, Anshun 561000, China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China.
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academic of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, China; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China.
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Kłeczek N, Malarz J, Gierlikowska B, Kiss AK, Stojakowska A. Constituents of Xerolekia speciosissima (L.) Anderb. (Inuleae), and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 7,10-Diisobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl Isobutyrate. Molecules 2020; 25:E4913. [PMID: 33114240 PMCID: PMC7660698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Xerolekia speciosissima (L.) Anderb., a rare plant from the north of Italy, is a member of the Inuleae-Inulinae subtribe of the Asteraceae. Despite its close taxonomic relationship with many species possessing medicinal properties, the chemical composition of the plant has remained unknown until now. A hydroalcoholic extract from the aerial parts of X. speciosissima was analyzed by HPLC-DAD-MSn, revealing the presence of caffeic acid derivatives and flavonoids. In all, 19 compounds, including commonly found chlorogenic acids and less frequently occurring butyryl and methylbutyryl conjugates of dicaffeoylquinic and tricaffeoylhexaric acids, plus two flavonoids, were tentatively identified. Chromatographic separation of a hydroalcoholic extract from the capitula of the plant led to the isolation of (+)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4-O-β-glucopyranoside, quercimeritrin, astragalin, isoquercitrin, 6-hydroxykaempferol-7-O-β-glucoside, quercetagitrin, methyl caffeate, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Composition of a nonpolar extract from the aerial parts of the plant was analyzed by chromatographic methods supported with 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The analysis revealed the presence of loliolide, reynosin, samtamarine, 2,3-dihydroaromaticin, 2-deoxy-4-epi-pulchellin and thymol derivatives as terpenoid constituents of the plant. One of the latter compounds-7,10-diisobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymyl isobutyrate-at concentrations 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 μM, significantly reduced IL-8, IL-1β and CCL2 excretion by LPS-stimulated human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kłeczek
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Janusz Malarz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
| | - Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, 63a Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K. Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha Street, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (B.G.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Anna Stojakowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (N.K.); (J.M.)
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Wang YJ, Li XX, Chen Z. Gold-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Formal Intermolecular [4 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition of 1,3-Dien-8-yne with Diazo Ester. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7694-7703. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- College of Chemistry & Environment Protection Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zili Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
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